Return of ovulation and menses in postpartum nonlactating women: A systematic review

Obstetrics and Gynecology

Volumn 117, Issue 3, 2011, Pages 657-662

  Jackson, Emily ^a   Glasier, Anna ^a  

^a WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION   (Switzerland)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CREATININE; GLUCURONIDE; PREGNANEDIOL;

ANOVULATION; BASAL BODY TEMPERATURE; COCHRANE LIBRARY; CREATININE URINE LEVEL; FEMALE FERTILITY; FEMALE INFERTILITY; HORMONE URINE LEVEL; HUMAN; LUTEAL PHASE; MEDLINE; MENSTRUATION; OVULATION; PREGNANCY RATE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PUERPERIUM; REVIEW; RISK ASSESSMENT; SEX HORMONE DETERMINATION; SYSTEMATIC REVIEW;

CONTRACEPTION; FEMALE; FERTILITY; HUMANS; MENSTRUAL CYCLE; OVULATION; POSTPARTUM PERIOD; WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION;

EID: 79952015896     PISSN: 00297844     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/AOG.0b013e31820ce18c     Document Type: Review

References (37)

1. World Health Organization. Medical eligibility for contraceptive use. 3rd ed. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2004.
2. Lidegaard O, Lokkegaard E, Svendsen AL, Agger C. Hormonal contraception and risk of venous thromboembolism: National follow-up study. BMJ 2009;339:b2890.
3. Vandenbroucke JP, Rosing J, Bloemenkamp KW, Middeldorp S, Helmerhorst FM, Bouma BN, et al. Oral contraceptives and the risk of venous thrombosis. N Engl J Med 2001;344:1527-35. (Pubitemid 32429213)
4. van Hylckama Vlieg A, Helmerhorst FM, Vandenbrouke JP, Doggen CJ, Rosendaal FR. The venous thrombotic risk of oral contraceptives, effects of oestrogen dose and progestogen type: Results of the MEGA case-control study. BMJ 2009;339:b2921.
5. Dahlman T, Hellgren M, Blombäck M. Changes in blood coagulation and fibrinolysis in the normal puerperium. Gynecol Obstet Invest 1985;20:37-44. (Pubitemid 15015029)
6. Jackson E, Curtis K, Gaffield ME. Risk of venous thromboembolism during the postpartum period: a systematic review. Publication pending.
7. Mohllajee AP, Curtis KM, Flanagan RG, Rinehart W, Gaffield ML, Peterson HB. Keeping up with the evidence for WHO's evidence-based family planning guidance. Am J Prev Med 2005;28:483-90. (Pubitemid 40723585)
8. Harris RP, Helfand M, Woolf SH, Lohr KN, Mulrow CD, Teutcsh SM, et al. Methods Work Group, Third US Preventative Services Task Force. Current methods of the US Preventative Services Task Force: a review of the process. Am J Preven Med 2001;20(Suppl):21-35. (Pubitemid 33732964)
9. Glasier A, McNeilly AS, Howie PW. Fertility after childbirth: Changes in serum gonadotrophin levels in bottle and breast feeding women. Clin Endocrinol 1983;19:493-501. (Pubitemid 13001511)
10. Howie PW, McNeilly AS, Houston MJ, Cook A, Boyle H. Fertility after childbirth: Postpartum ovulation and menstruation in bottle and breast feeding mothers. Clin Endocrinol 1982;17:323-32. (Pubitemid 12064240)
11. Campbell OM, Gray RH. Characteristics and determinants of postpartum ovarian function in women in the United States. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1993;169:55-60. (Pubitemid 23223928)
12. Gray RH, Campbell OM, Zacur HA, Labbok MH, MacRae SL. Postpartum return of ovarian activity in nonbreastfeeding women monitored by urinary assays. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1987;64:645-50. (Pubitemid 17044526)
13. McNeilly AS, Howie PW, Houston MJ, Cook A, Boyle H. Fertility after childbirth: Adequacy of postpartum luteal phases. Clin Endocrinol 1982;17:609-15. (Pubitemid 12006968)
14. Cronin TJ. Influence of lactation upon ovulation. Lancet 1968;292:422-4.
15. Guermandi E, Vegetti W, Bianchi MM, Uglietti A, Ragni G, Crosignani P. Reliability of ovulation tests in infertile women. Obstet Gynecol 2001;97:92-6. (Pubitemid 32057164)
16. Guida M, Tommaselli GA, Palomba S, Pellicano M, Moccia G, Di Carlo C, et al. Efficacy of methods for determining ovulation in a natural family planning program. Fertil Steril 1999;72:900-4. (Pubitemid 29505457)
17. Li TC, Cooke ID. Evaluation of the luteal phase. Hum Reprod 1991;6:484-99.
18. Bukulmez O, Arici A. Luteal phase defect: Myth or reality. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am 2004;31:727-44. (Pubitemid 39534384)
19. McNeely MJ, Soules MR. The diagnosis of luteal phase deficiency: a critical review. Fertil Steril 1988;50:1-15.
20. Chatterton RT Jr, Haan JN, Jenco JM, Cheesman KL. Radioimmunoassay of pregnanediol concentrations in early morning using specimens for assessment of luteal function in women. Fertil Steril 1982;37:361-6. (Pubitemid 12183691)
21. Blacker CM, Ginsburg KA, Leach RE, Randolph J, Moghissi KS. Unexplained infertility: evaluation of the luteal phase; results of the National Center for Infertility Research at Michigan. Fertil Steril 1997;67:437-42. (Pubitemid 27085955)
22. Balasch J, Fábregues F, Creus M, Vanrell JA. The usefulness of endometrial biopsy for luteal phase evaluation in infertility. Hum Reprod 1992;7(7):973-7.
23. Davis OK, Berkeley AS, Naus GJ, Cholst IN, Freedman KS. The incidence of luteal phase defect in normal, fertile women, determined by serial endometrial biopsies. Fertil Steril 1989;51:582-6. (Pubitemid 19097768)
24. Moran C, Alcázar LS, Carranza-Lira S, Merino G, Bailón R. Recovery of ovarian function after childbirth, lactation and sexual activity with relation to age of women. Contraception 1994;50:401-7. (Pubitemid 24367212)
25. Said S, Johansson ED, Gemzel C. Return of ovulation during the postpartum period. Acta Obstet Gynec Scand 1974;53:63-7.
26. Zacharias S, Aguilera E, Assenzo JR, Zanartu J. Return to fertility in lactating and non-lactating women. J Biosoc Sci 1987;19:163-9. (Pubitemid 17049006)
27. Sharman A. Ovulation in the post partum period. Int J Fertil 1967;12:14-6.
28. el-Minawi MF, Foda MS. Postpartum lactation amenorrhea: endometrial pattern and reproductive ability. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1971;111:17-21.
29. Perez A, Vela P, Masnick GS, Potter RG. First ovulation after childbirth: the effect of breast-feeding. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1972;111:1041-7.
30. Lidegaard O, Lokkegaard E, Svendsen AL, Agger C. Hormonal contraception and risk of venous thromboembolism: National follow-up study. BMJ 2009;339:b2890.
31. Spitzer WO. Third generation oral contraceptives and risk of venous thromboembolic disorders: an international case-control study. Transnational Research Group on Oral Contraceptives and the Health of Young Women. BMJ Br Med J Clin Res Ed 1996;312:83-8.
32. van Hylckama Vlieg A, Helmerhorst FM, Vandenbrouke JP, Doggen CJ, Rosendaal FR. The venous thrombotic risk of oral contraceptives, effects of oestrogen dose and progestogen type: Results of the MEGA case-control study. BMJ 2009;339:b2921.
33. Bloemenkamp KW, Helmerhorst FM, Rosendaal FR, Vandenbroucke JP. Venous thrombosis, oral contraceptives and high factor VIII levels. Thromb Haemost 1999;82:1024-7. (Pubitemid 29419713)
34. Abdollahi M, Cushman M, Rosendaal FR. Obesity: risk of venous thrombosis and the interaction with coagulation factor levels and oral contraceptive use. Thromb Haemost 2003;89:493-8. (Pubitemid 36329240)
35. Department for Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. US medical eligibility for contraceptive use, 2010. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2010;59:1-86.
36. National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence. UK medical eligibility criteria for contraceptive use. Available at: http://www.cks.nhs.uk/ contraception/management/detailed-answers/uk-medical-eligibility-criteria. Retrieved September 1, 2010.
37. Byrd JE, Hyde JS, DeLamater JD, Plant EA. Sexuality during pregnancy and the year postpartum. J Fam Pract 1998;47:305-8. (Pubitemid 28491477)