Low cardiorespiratory fitness and physical functional capacity in obese patients with schizophrenia

Schizophrenia Research

Volumn 126, Issue 1-3, 2011, Pages 103-109

  Strassnig, Martin ^a,b   Brar, Jaspreet S ^c   Ganguli, Rohan ^a,b,d  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO   (Canada)

^b CENTRE FOR ADDICTION AND MENTAL HEALTH   (Canada)

^c UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^d UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH   (United States)

Author keywords

Cardiorespiratory fitness; Cardiovascular disease; Fitness; Obesity; Schizophrenia

Indexed keywords

ARIPIPRAZOLE; CLOZAPINE; OLANZAPINE; QUETIAPINE; RISPERIDONE; ZIPRASIDONE;

ADULT; ANAEROBIC THRESHOLD; ARTICLE; BLOOD PRESSURE; BODY MASS; CARDIOPULMONARY FUNCTION; COMMUNITY LIVING; CONTROLLED STUDY; DIAGNOSTIC AND STATISTICAL MANUAL OF MENTAL DISORDERS; DYSPNEA; ELECTROCARDIOGRAM; EXERCISE TEST; FEMALE; HEART ARRHYTHMIA; HEART RATE; HUMAN; LUNG MINUTE VOLUME; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MENTAL DISEASE; MUSCLE DISEASE; MUSCLE FATIGUE; OBESITY; OXYGEN CONSUMPTION; PHYSICAL CAPACITY; POLYPHARMACY; POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE SYNDROME SCALE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RISK FACTOR; SCHIZOPHRENIA; WEIGHT REDUCTION; XEROSTOMIA;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES; CHILD; EXERCISE TEST; FEMALE; HEART RATE; HUMANS; LONGITUDINAL STUDIES; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; OBESITY; OXYGEN CONSUMPTION; PHYSICAL FITNESS; PULMONARY VENTILATION; RESIDENCE CHARACTERISTICS; RETROSPECTIVE STUDIES; RISK FACTORS; SCHIZOPHRENIA; SEX FACTORS; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 79952008486     PISSN: 09209964     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2010.10.025     Document Type: Article

References (49)

1. Acil A.A., Dogan S., Dogan O. The effects of physical exercises to mental state and quality of life in patients with schizophrenia. J. Psychiatr. Ment. Health Nurs. 2008, 15(10):808-815.
2. Alaimo, K., McDowell, M.A., Briefel, R.R., et al., 1994. Dietary Intake of Vitamins, Minerals, and Fiber of Persons Ages 2 Months and Over in the United States: Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, Phase 1, 1988-91. Advance data from vital and health statistics; No 258. Hyattsville, Maryland: National Center for Health Statistics.
3. American College of Sports Medicine American College of Sports Medicine: Guidelines of Exercise Testing and Prescription 2005, 93-114. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore. 7th edition.
4. Astrand P.O. Quantification of exercise capability and evaluation of physical capacity in man. Prog. Cardiovasc. Dis. 1976, 19(1):51-67.
5. Babyak M., Blumenthal J.A., Herman S., et al. Exercise treatment for major depression: maintenance of therapeutic benefit at 10 months. Psychosom. Med. 2000, 62(5):633-638.
6. Blair S.N., Kohl H.W., Paffenbarger R.S., et al. Physical fitness and all-cause mortality. A prospective study of healthy men and women. JAMA 1989, 262(17):2395-2401.
7. Blair S.N., Kampert J.B., Kohl H.W., et al. Influences of cardiorespiratory fitness and other precursors on cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality in men and women. JAMA 1996, 276(3):205-210.
8. Borg G.A. Perceived exertion. Exerc. Sport Sci. Rev. 1974, 2:131-151.
9. Boulé N.G., Haddad E., Kenny G.P., et al. Effects of exercise on glycemic control and body mass in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis of controlled clinical trials. JAMA 2001, 286(10):1218-1227.
10. Brown S., Birtwistle J., Roe L., et al. The unhealthy lifestyle of people with schizophrenia. Psychol. Med. 1999, 29(3):697-701.
11. Callaghan P. Exercise: a neglected intervention in mental health care?. J. Psychiatr. Ment. Health Nurs. 2004, 11(4):476-483.
12. Centers for Disease Control And Prevention, 1996. US Department of Health and Human Services. Physical Activity and Health: A Report of the Surgeon General. Atlanta, Ga: US Dept of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion.
13. Chamove A.S. Positive short-term effects of activity on behaviour in chronic schizophrenic patients. Br. J. Clin. Psychol. 1986, 25(2):125-132.
14. Duncan G.E., Li S.M., Zhou X.H. Cardiovascular fitness among U.S. adults: NHANES 1999-2000 and 2001-2002. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 2005, 37(8):1324-1328.
15. Elekund L.G., Haskell W.L., Johnson J.L., et al. Physical fitness as a predictor of cardiovascular mortality in asymptomatic North American men. The Lipid Research Clinics Mortality Follow-up Study. N Engl J. Med. 1988, 319(21):1379-1384.
16. Faulkner G., Biddle S. Exercise as an adjunct treatment for schizophrenia: a review of the literature. J. Ment. Health 1999, 8:441-457.
17. Faulkner G., Cohn T., Remington G. Validation of a physical activity assessment tool for individuals with schizophrenia. Schizophr. Res. 2006, 82(2-3):225-231.
18. Fleg J.L., Pina I.L., Balady G.J., et al. Assessment of functional capacity in clinical and research applications. Circulation 2000, 102:1591-1597.
19. Fogarty M., Happell B. Exploring the benefits of an exercise program for people with schizophrenia: a qualitative study. Issues Ment. Health Nurs. 2005, 26(3):341-351.
20. Gibbons R.J., Balady G.J., Bricker J.T., et al. ACC/AHA 2002 Guidelines Update for Exercise Testing: Summary Article. A report of the American College of Cardiology/American heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Committee to Update the 1997 Exercise Testing Guidelines). Circulation 2002, 106:1883-1892.
21. Goran M., Fields D.A., Hunter G.R., Herd S.L., Weinsier R.L. Total body fat does not influence maximal aerobic capacity. Int. J. Obes. 2000, 24:841-848.
22. Harrington M., Gibson S., Cottrell R.C. A review and meta-analysis of the effect of weight loss on all-cause mortality risk. Nutr. Res. Rev. 2009, 22(1):93-108.
23. Hennekens C.H. Increasing global burden of cardiovascular disease in general populations and patients with schizophrenia. J. Clin. Psychiatry 2007, 68(Suppl 4):4-7.
24. Kampert J.B., Blair S.N., Barlow, et al. Physical activity, physical fitness, and all-cause cancer mortality: a prospective study of men and women. Ann. Epidemiol. 1996, 6(5):452-457.
25. Kay S.R., Fiszbein A., Opler L.A. The positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) for schizophrenia. Schizophr. Bull. 1987, 13(2):261-276.
26. Kelley G.A., Kelley K.S., Vu Tran Z. Aerobic exercise, lipids and lipoproteins in overweight and obese adults: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Int. J. Obes. 2005, 29(8):881-893.
27. Koivukangas J., Tammelin T., Kaakinen M., et al. Physical activity and fitness in adolescents at risk for psychosis within the Northern Finland 1986 Birth Cohort. Schizophr. Res. 2010, 116:152-158.
28. Kokkinos P., Manolis A., Pittaras A., et al. Exercise capacity and mortality in hypertensive men with and without additional risk factors. Hypertension 2009, 53:494-499.
29. Leger L. Aerobic performance. Human Kinetics: Champaign 1996, 16:183-223. D. Docherty (Ed.).
30. Levinger C., Goodman D., Hare G., et al. Functional capacity and quality of life in middle-age men and women with high and low number of metabolic risk factors. Int. J. Cardiol. 2009, 133(2):281-283.
31. Lindamer L.A., McKibbin C., Norman G.J., et al. Assessment of physical activity in middle-aged and older adults with schizophrenia. Schizophr. Res. 2008, 104(1-3):294-301.
32. Lindenmayer J.P., Khan A., Wance D., et al. Outcome evaluation of a structured educational wellness program in patients with severe mental illness. J. Clin. Psychiatry 2009, 70(10):1385-1396.
33. Mahler D.A., Froelicher V.F., Miller N.H., et al. ACSM's Guidelines for Exercise Testing and Prescription 1995, 113-118. Williams & Wilkins, Media, PA. 5th ed.
34. Mather A.S., Rodriguez C., Guthrie M.F., et al. Effects of exercise on depressive symptoms in older adults with poorly responsive depressive disorder: randomised controlled trial. Br. J. Psychiatry 2002, 180:411-415.
35. McDowell, M.A., Briefel, R.R., Alaimo, K., et al., 1994. Energy and Macronutrient Intakes of Persons Ages 2 Months and Over in the United States: Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, Phase 1, 1988-91. Advance data from vital and health statistics; No 255. Hyattsville, Maryland: National Center for Health Statistics.
36. Menza M., Vreeland B., Minsky S., et al. Managing atypical antipsychotic-associated weight gain: 12-month data on a multimodal weight control program. J. Clin. Psychiatry 2004, 65:471-477.
37. Moses J., Steptoe A., Mathews A., Edwards S. The effects of exercise training on mental well-being in the normal population: a controlled trial. J. Psychosom. Res. 1989, 33(1):47-61.
38. Myers J., Buchanan N., Walsh D., et al. Comparison of the ramp versus standard exercise protocols. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 1991, 17:1334-1342.
39. Newcomer J.W. Metabolic risk during antipsychotic treatment. Clin. Ther. 2005, 26(12):1936-1946.
40. Rippe J.M., Hess S. The role of physical activity in the prevention and management of obesity. J. Am. Diet. Assoc. 1998, 98(10 Suppl 2):S31-S38.
41. Saha S., Chant D., McGrath J. A systematic review of mortality in schizophrenia: is the differential mortality gap worsening over time?. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 2007, 64(10):1123-1131.
42. Sanders L.F., Duncan G.E. Population-based reference standards for cardiovascular fitness among U.S. adults: NHANES 1999-2000 and 2001-2002. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 2006, 38(4):701-707.
43. Sharpe J.K., Stedman T.J., Byrne N.M., et al. Energy expenditure and physical activity in clozapine use: implications for weight management. Aust. N. Z. J. Psychiatry 2006, 40(9):810-814.
44. Schmitz N., Kruse J., Kugler J. The association between physical exercises and health-related quality of life in subjects with mental disorders: results from a cross-sectional survey. Prev. Med. 2004, 39(6):1200-1207.
45. Strassnig M., Brar J.S., Ganguli R., et al. Increased caffeine and nicotine consumption in community-dwelling patients with schizophrenia. Schizophr. Res. 2006, 86(1-3):269-275.
46. Vancampfort D., Knapen J., Probst M., et al. Considering a frame of reference for physical activity research related to the cardiometabolic risk profile in schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res. 2010, 177:271-279.
47. Wang C.Y., Haskell W.L., Farrell S.W., et al. Cardiorespiratory fitness levels among US adults 20-49years of age: findings from the 1999-2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Am. J. Epidemiol. 2010, 171(4):426-435.
48. Wasserman K., Whipp B.J., Koyal S.N., et al. Anaerobic threshold and respiratory gas exchange during exercise. J. Appl. Physiol. 1973, 35(2):236-243.
49. Wilmore J.H., Green J.S., Stanforth P.R., et al. Relationship of changes in maximal and submaximal aerobic fitness to changes in cardiovascular disease and non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus risk factors with endurance training: the HERITAGE Family Study. Metabolism 2001, 50(11):1255-1263.