The Neogene-Quaternary evolution of the Northern Apennines: Crustal structure, style of deformation and seismicity

Journal of the Virtual Explorer

Volumn 36, Issue , 2010, Pages

  Barchi, Massimiliano R ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF PERUGIA   (Italy)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 79952006192     PISSN: 14418126     EISSN: 14418142     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3809/jvirtex.2009.00220     Document Type: Article

References (145)

1. Alvarez, W., 1972. Rotation of the Corsica-Sardinia microplate. Nature Physical Science 235, 103-105.
2. Amato, A., Alessandrini, B., Cimini, G., Frepoli, A., Selvaggi, G., 1993, Active and remnant subducted slabs beneath Italy: evidence from seismic tomography and seismicity: Annali di Geofisica, 36, 201-214.
3. Amato, A., Chiarabba, C., Selvaggi, G., 1997. Crustal and deep seismicity in Italy (30 years after). Annali di Geofisica, 40, 981-944.
4. Amato, A., et al., 1998. The 1997 Umbria-Marche, Italy, earthquake sequence: A first look at the main shocks and aftershocks, Geophys. Res. Lett., 25, 2861-2864.
5. Arisi Rota, F., Fichera, R., 1985. Magnetic interpretation connected to Geo-Magnetic Provinces: the Italian case-history. 47th EAEG Meeting, Budapest, Hungary.
6. Argnani, A., Artoni, A., Ori, G.G., Roveri, M., 1991. L'avanfossa centro-adriatica: stili strutturali e sedimentazione. Studi Geologici Camerti, Volume Speciale (1991/1), 371-381.
7. Babuska, V. & Plomerova, J., 1995. Tomographic studies of the upper mantle beneath the Italian region. Terra Nova, 2, 569-576.
8. Bally, A. W., Burbi, L., Cooper, C., Ghelardoni, R., 1986. Balanced sections and seismic reflection profiles across the Central Apennines. Memorie della Società Geologica Italiana, 35, 257-310.
9. Barchi, M., 1991. Integration of a seismic profile with surface and subsurface geology in a cross-section through the Umbria-Marche Apennines. Bollettino della Società Geologica Italiana, 110, 469-479.
10. Barchi, M., Minelli, G., Pialli, G., 1998a. The CROP 03 Profile: a synthesis of results on deep structures of the Northern Apennines. Memorie della Società Geologica Italiana, 52, 383-400.
11. Barchi, M. R., De Feyter, A., Magnani, M. B., Minelli G., Pialli, G., Sotera, M., 1998b. The structural style of the Umbria- Marche fold and thrust belt. Memorie della Societa Geologica Italiana, 52, 557-578.
12. Barchi, M., Paolacci, S., Pauselli, C., Pialli, G., Merlini, S., 1999. Geometria delle deformazioni estensionali recenti nel bacino dell'Alta Val Tiberina fra S. Giustino Umbro e Perugia: evidenze geofisiche e considerazioni geologiche: Bollettino della Societa Geologica Italiana, 118, 617-625.
13. Barchi, M., Landuzzi, A., Minelli, G., Pialli, G., 2001. Outher Northern Apennines, in Vai, G. B., and Martini, I. P., editors, Anatomy of an orogen: the Apennines and adjacent Mediterranean basin: London, Kluwer Publishers, 215-254.
14. Bartole, R., Torelli, L., Mattei, G., Peis, D., Brancolini, G., 1991. Assetto stratigrafico strutturale del Tirreno Settentrionale: stato dell'arte. Studi Geol. Camerti, Vol. Spec. 1/1991, 115-140.
15. Basili, R., Barba, S., 2007. Migration and shortening rates in the northern Apennines, Italy: implications for seismic hazard. Terra Nova 19, 462-468. (doi:10.1111/j.13653121.2007.00772.)
16. Batini, F., Bertini, G., Giannelli, G., Pandeli, E., Puxeddu, M., Villa, I., 1985. Deep structure, age and evolution of the Larderello-Travale geothermal field, Geothermal Res., Comm. Trans., 9, 1-7.
17. Bertini, G., Cameli, G. M., Costantini, A., Decandia, F. A., Di Filippo, M., Dini, I., Elter, M., Lazzarotto, A., Liotta, D., Pandeli, E., Sandrelli, F., Toro, B., 1991. Struttura geologica fra i monti di Campiglia e Rapolano Terme (Toscana Meridionale). Stato attuale delle conoscenze e problematiche: Studi Geologici Camerti, vol. spec. 1991/1, 155-178.
18. Boccaletti, M., Gianelli, G., Sani, F., 1997. Tectonic regime, granite emplacement and crustal structure in the inner zone of the northern Apennines (Tuscany, Italy): A new hypothesis, Tectonophysics, 270, 127-143, (doi:10.1016/S0040-1951(96)00177-1)
19. Boccaletti, M., M. Bonini, G. Moratti, and F. Sani (1999), Compressive Neogene-Quaternary tectonics in the hinterland area of the northern Apennines, J. Pet. Geol., 22(1), 37-60, (doi:10.1111/j.1747-5457.1999.tb00458.x)
20. Boncio, P., Ponziani, F., Brozzetti, F., Barchi, M., Lavecchia, G., Pialli, G., 1998. Seismicity andextensional tectonics in the Northern Umbria-Marche Apennines. Memorie della Societa Geologica Italiana, 52, 539-555.
21. Boncio, P., Brozzetti, F., Lavecchia, G., 2000. Architecture and seismotectonics of a regional Low-Angle Normal Fault Zone in Central Italy. Tectonics, 19, 1038-1055.
22. Bonini M., Sani F., 2002. Extension and compression in the Northern Apennines (Italy) hinterland: Evidence from the late Miocene-Pliocene Siena-Radicofani Basin and relations with basement structures. Tectonics 21, 1010, (doi:10.1029/2001TC900024)
23. Brace, W. F., Kohlstedt, D. L., 1980. Limits on lithospheric stress imposed by laboratory experiments- Journal of Geophysical Research, 85, 6248-6252.
24. Brogi, A., 2004. Miocene low angle detachments and upper crust mega-boudinage in the Monte Amiata geothermal area (northern Apennines, Italy), Geodin. Acta, 17, 375-387, (doi:10.3166/ga.17.375-387)
25. Brogi, A., Lazzarotto, A., Liotta, D., Ranalli, G., 2003. Extensional shear zones as imaged by reflection seismic lines: the Larderello geothermal field (central Italy): Tectonophysics, 363, 127-139.
26. Brogi, A., Lazzarotto, A., Liotta, D., Crop18 Working Group, 2005. Structural features of southern Tuscany and geological interpretation of the CROP 18 Seismic Reflection Survey (Italy). Boll. Soc. Geol. It., Vol. Spec. n. 3 (2005), 213-236.
27. Brogi, A., Liotta, D., 2008. Highly extended terrains, lateral segmentation of the substratum, and basin development: The middle-late Miocene Radicondoli Basin (inner northern Apennines, Italy). Tectonics, 27, TC5002, (doi:10.1029/2007TC002188)
28. Butler, R.W.H., Tavarnelli, E., Grasso, M., 2006. Structural inheritance in mountain belts: an Alpine-Apennine perspective. Journal of Structural Geology 28, 1893-1908.
29. Calamai, A., Cataldi, R., Squarci, P., Taffi, L., 1970. Geology, geophysics and hydrogeology of the Mt. Amiata geothermal fields. Geothermics, special issue, 1, 1-9.
30. Calamita, F., Deiana, G., 1986. Geodinamica dell Appennino Umbro- Marchigiano: Memorie della Societa Geologica Italiana, 35, 311-316.
31. Calcagnile, G., Panza, G., 1981. The main characteristics of the lithosphere-astenosphere systems in Italy and surrounding regions: Pure Applied Geophysics, 199, 865-879.
32. Cameli, G.M., Dini, I., Liotta, D., 1993. Upper crustal structure of the Larderello geothermal field as a feature of post-collisional extensional tectonics (southern Tuscany, Italy). Tectonophysics, 224, 413-423.
33. Cantalamessa, G., Centamore, E., Chiocchini, U., Micarelli, A., Potetti, M., 1986. Il Miocene delle Marche. In: E. Centamore and G. Deiana (eds.) - La geologia delle Marche. Studi Geologici Camerti, Vol. Spec. 1986, 35-56.
34. Carmignani, L., Decandia, F. A., Disperati, L., Fantozzi, P. L., Kligfield, R., Lazzarotto, A., Liotta, D., Meccheri, M., 2001. Inner northern Apennines, in Anatomy of an Orogen: The Apennines and Adjacent Mediterranean Basins, edited by G. B. Vai and I. P. Martini, 197-214, Kluwer Acad., Boston, Mass.
35. Carmignani, L., Decandia F.A., Fantozzi P.L., Lazzarotto, A., Liotta, D., Meccheri, M., 1994. Tertiary extensional tectonics in Tuscany (northern Apennines, Italy), Tectonophysics, 238, 295-315. (doi:10.1016/0040-1951(94)90061-2)
36. Cassano, E., Anelli, L., Cappelli, V., La Torre, I., 1998. Interpretation of the Northern Apennines magnetic and gravity data in relation to the profile Crop03: Memorie della Societa Geologica Italiana, 52, 413-425.
37. Cassano, E., Anelli, L., Cappelli, V., la Torre, P., 2001. Magnetic and gravity analysis of Italy, in Vai, G. B., and Martini, I. P., editors, Anatomy of an orogen: the Apennines and adjacent Mediterranean basin: London, Kluwer, 53-64.
38. Castellarin, A., Eva, C., Giglia, G., Vai, G.B., 1985. Analisi strutturale del fronte appenninico padano. Giornale di Geologia, 47, 47-75.
39. Casero, P., 2004. Structural setting of petroleum exploration plays in Italy. In Geology of Italy, Special Volume of the Italian Geological Society for the IGC 32 Florence, 2004, 189-200.
40. Cattuto, C., Cencetti, C., Fisauli, M., Gregori, L., 1995. I bacini pleistocenici di Anghiari e Sansepolcro nell'alta valle del F.Tevere. Il Quaternario, 8, 119-128.
41. Cavinato, G. P., DeCelles, P. G., 1999. Extensional basins in the tectonically bimodal central Apennines fold-thrust belt, Italy: response to corner flow above subducting slab retrogade motion: Geology, 27, 955-958.
42. Centamore, E., Deiana, G., Micarelli, A., Potetti, M., 1986. Il Trias-Paleogene delle Marche. In: Centamore, E., Deiana, G. (Eds.), Studi Geologici Camerti, Special Volume La Geologia delle Marche, 9-27.
43. Channell, J.E. T, 1986. Paleomagnetism and continental collision in the Alpine Belt and the formation of late-tectonic extensional basins, in Collision Tectonics, Coward, M. P., and Ries, A. C., editors: Geological Society of London Special Publication, v. 6, p. 261-284.
44. Channell, J. E. T., Mareschall, J. C., 1989. Delamination and asymmetric lithospheric thickening in the development of the Tyrrhenian Rift, in Alpine Tectonics, Coward, M. P., Dietrich, M. P. D., and Park, R. G., editors: Geological Society of London Special Publication, 6, 285-302.
45. Chiarabba, C., Amato A., 2003. Vp and Vp/Vs images of the Colfiorito fault region (Central Italy): a contribute to understand seismotectonic and seismogenic processes. J. Geophys. Res., 108, 10.1029/2001JB001665.
46. Chiarabba, C., Jovane, L., Di Stefano, R., 2005. A new view of Italian seismicity using 20 years of instrumental recordings. Tectonophysics, 395, 251-268.
47. Chiaraluce, L., Chiarabba, C., Collettini, C., Piccinini, D., Cocco, M., 2007. Architecture and mechanics of an active low-angle normal fault: Alto Tiberina Fault, northernNorthern Apennines, Italy. Journal of Geophysical Research, 112 (B10): (doi:10.1029/2007JB005015)
48. Chiaraluce, L., Ellsworth, W. L., Chiarabba, C., Cocco, M., 2003. Imaging the complexity of an active normal fault system: The 1997 Colfiorito (central Italy) case study, J. Geophys. Res, 108(B6), 2294, (doi:10.1029/2002JB002166)
49. Chiodini, G., Cardellini, C., Amato, A., Boschi, E., Caliro, S., Frondini, F., Ventura, G., 2004. Carbon dioxide Earth degassing and seismogenesis in central and southern Italy, Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L07615, 10.1029/2004GL019480.
50. Cipollari, P., Cosentino D., 1997. Il sistema Tirreno-Appennino: segmentazione litosferica e propagazione del fronte appenninico. Studi Geologici Camerti, 1996, 125-134.
51. Collettini, C., Barchi, M. R., 2002. A low-angle normal fault in the Umbria region (Central Italy): a mechanical model for the related microseismicity: Tectonophysics, 359, 97-115.
52. Collettini, C., Barchi, M. R., 2004. A comparison of structural and seismic images for low-angle normal faults in the Northern Apennines (Central Italy): constrains on activity, in Alsop, G. I., Holdsworth, R. E., McCaffrey, K. J. W., Hand, M., editors, Flow Processes in faults and shear zones: Geological Society of London Special Publication, 224, 95-112.
53. Collettini, C., De Paola, N., Holdsworth, H.R., Barchi, M.R.,2006. The development and behaviour of low-angle normal faults during Cenozoic asymmetric extension in the Northern Apennines, Italy. Journal Of Structural Geology, 28, 333-352
54. Coward, M. P., De Donatis, M., Mazzoli, S., Paltrinieri, W., Wezel, F. C., 1999. The frontal part of the northern Apennine foreland fold and thrust belt in the Romagna-Marche area (Italy): shallow and deep structural styles. Tectonics, 18, 559-574.
55. Cresta, S., Monechi, S., Parisi, G. (Eds.), 1989. Stratigrafia del Mesozoico e Cenozoico nell'area umbro-marchigiana. Itinerari geologici sull'Appennino umbro-marchigiano (Italia) Memorie Descrittive della Carta Geologica d'Italia, 39, 1-182.
56. D'Agostino, N., Avallone, A., Cheloni, D., D'Anastasio, E., Mantenuto, S., Selvaggi, G., 2008. Active tectonics of the Adriatic region from GPS and earthquake slip vectors. J. Geophys. Res. 113, B12413.
57. D'Agostino N., Mantenuto S., D'Anastasio E., Avallone A., Selvaggi G., Barchi M.R., Collettini C., Radicioni F., Stoppini A., Fastellini G. 2009. Contemporary crustal extension in the Umbria-Marche Apennines from regional CGPS networks and comparison between geodetic and seismic deformation. Tectonophysics, 476, 3-12.
58. Decandia, F. A., Lazzarotto, A., Liotta, D., Cernobori, L., and Nicolich, R., 1998. The CROP03 traverse: insights on post-collisional evolution of Northern Apennines: Memorie della Societa Geologica Italiana, 52, 427-440.
59. Decelles, P.G., Giles, K.A., 1996. Foreland basin systems. Basin Research, 8, 105-124.
60. De Donatis, M., Invernizzi, C., Landuzzi, A., Mazzoli, S., Potetti, M., 1998. CROP 03: structure of the Montecalvo in Foglia - Adriatic Sea segment: Memorie della Societa Geologica Italiana, 52, 617-30.
61. De Feyter, A.J. Menichetti, M. (1988) Back thrusting in forelimbs of rootless anticlines, with examples from the Umbro-Marchean Apennines (Italy). Memorie della Societa' Geologica Italiana, 35, 357-70.
62. De Franco, R., Ponziani, F., Biella, G., Boniolo, G., Caielli, G., Corsi, A., Maistrello M., Morrone, A., 1998. DSS-WAR experiment in support of the Crop-03 project. Memorie della Societa Geologica Italiana, 52, 67-90.
63. Della Vedova, B., Marson, I., Panza, G.F., Suhadolc, P., 1991, Upper mantle properties of the Tuscan-Tyrrhenian area: a framework for its recent tectonic evolution, Tectonophysics, 195, 311-318.
64. Della Vedova, B., Bellani, S., Pellis, G., Squarci, P., 2001. Deep temperatures and surface heat flow distribution. In: G.B. Vai (eds), Anatomy of an Orogen: The Apennines and adjacent Mediterranean basins, Kluwer academic publishers, 65-76.
65. Delle Donne, D., Piccardo, L., Odum, J.K., Stephenson, W.J., Williams, R.A., 2007. High-resolution shallow reflection seismic image and surface evidence of the Upper Tiber Basin active faults (Northern Apennines, Italy), Boll. Soc. Geol. It., 126, 323-331.
66. De Luca, G., Cattaneo, M., Monachesi, G., Amato, A., 2009. Seismicity in central and northern Apennines integrating the Italian national and regional networks. Tectonophysics, (doi:10.1016/j.tecto.2008.11.032)
67. Di Bucci, D., Mazzoli, S., 2002. Active tectonics of the Northern Apennines and Adria geodynamics: new data and a discussion: Journal of Geodynamics, 42, 687-707.
68. Di Stefano, R., Kissling, E., Chiarabba, C., Amato, A., Giardini, D., 2009. Shallow subduction beneath Italy: Threedimensional images of the Adriatic-European-Tyrrhenian lithosphere system based on high-quality P wave arrival times, J. Geophys. Res., 114, B05305, 10.1029/2008JB005641.
69. Doglioni, C., 1991. A proposal of kinematic modelling for W-dipping subductions. Possible applications to the Tyrrhenian-Apennines system: Terra Nova, 3, 423 434.
70. Doglioni, C., Mongelli, F., Pialli, G., 1998, Appenninic back arc lithospheric boudinage on the former alpine belt: Memorie della Societa Geologica Italiana, 52, 457-468.
71. Du, Z. J., Michelini, A., Panza, G. F., 1998, EurID: a regionalized 3-D seismological model of Europe: Physics of the Earth Planetary Interiors, 105, 31-62.
72. Elter, P., Giglia, G., Tongiorgi, M., Trevisan, L., 1975. Tensional and compressional areas in the recent (Tortonian to Present) evolution of north Apennines. Bollettino di Geofisica Teorica Applicata 17, 3-18.
73. Faccenna, C., Becker, T.W., Lucente, F. P., Jolivet, L., Rossetti, F., 2001. History of subduction and back-arc extension in the Central Mediterranean: Geophysical Journal International, 145, 809-820.
74. Finetti, I. R., Boccaletti, M., Bonini, M., Del Ben, A., Geletti, R., Pipan, M., Sani, F., 2001. Crustal section based on CROP seismic data across the North Tyrrhenian-Northern Apennines-Adriatic Sea: Tectonophysics, 343, 135-163.
75. Frepoli, A., Amato, A, 1997. Contemporaneous extension and compression in the Northern Apennines from earthquake fault-plane solutions: Geophysical Journal International, 129, 368-388.
76. Ghisetti F., Barchi, M., Bally, A. W., Moretti, I., Vezzani, L., 1993. Conflicting balanced sections across the central Apennines: problems and implications, in Spencer, A.M., editor, Generation, accumulation and production of Europe's hydrocarbons, III: Heidelberg, Springer-Verlag, European Association of Petroleum Geologists, Special Publication n. 3, 219-231.
77. Ghisetti, F., Vezzani, L., 2002. Normal faulting, transcrustal permeability and seismogenesis in the Apennines (Italy). Tectonophysics, 348, 155-168.
78. Gruppo di lavoro CPTI, 2004. Catalogo Parametrico dei Terremoti Italiani, versione 2004 (CPTI04), INGV, Bologna. http://emidius.mi.ingv.it/CPTI04/
79. Hill, K. C., Hayward, A. B., 1988. Structural Constraints on the Tertiary plate tectonic evolution of Italy. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 5, 2-16.
80. Hreinsdóttir, S., Bennett, R.A., 2009. Active aseismic creep on the Alto Tiberina low-angle normal fault, Italy. Geology, 37, 683-686; (doi: 10.1130/G30194A.1)
81. ISPRA, ENI, OGS (2009). Cartografia Gravimetrica Digitale d'Italia alla scala 1:250.000. http://www.sinanet.apat.it/it/cgd/index_html.
82. Jarvis A., Reuter, H.I., Nelson, A., Guevara, E., 2008. Hole-filled seamless SRTM data V4, International Centre for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), available from http://srtm.csi.cgiar.org.
83. Jolivet, L., Faccenna, C., Goffé, B., Mattei, M., Brunet, C., Rossetti, F., Cadet, J. P., Funiciello, R., Theye, T., Storti, F., D'Agostino, N., 1998a. Mid-crustal shear zones in postorogenic extension: example from the Northern Tyrrhenian Sea. Journal of Geophysical Research, 103, 12123-12150.
84. Jolivet, L., Goffe, B., Bousquet, R., Oberhaensli, R., Michard, A., 1998b. Detachments in high-pressure mountain belts, tethyan examples, Earth Planet. Sci. Lettr., 160, 31-47.
85. Keller, J. V. A., Minelli, G., Pialli, G., 1994. Anatomy of late orogenic extension: the Northern Apennines case. Tectonophysics, 238, 275-294.
86. Lavecchia, G., 1988. The Tyrrhenian-Apennines system: structural setting and seismotectogenesis. Tectonophysics, 147, 263-296.
87. Lavecchia, G., Minelli, G., Pialli, G., 1984. L'Appennino Umbro-Marchigiano: tettonica distensiva ed ipotesi di sismogenesi. Bollettino della Societa Geologica Italiana, 103, 467-476.
88. Lavecchia, G., Brozzetti, F., Barchi, M., Menichetti, M., Keller, J., 1994. Seismotectonic zoning in Eastern-Central Italy deduced from an analysis of the Neogene to present deformations and related stress fields. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 106, 1107-1120.
89. Lavecchia, G, Boncio, P, Creati, N, Brozzetti, F., 2003. Some Aspects Of The Italian Geology Not Fitting With A Subduction Scenario. Journal of the Virtual Explorer, 10, 1-14. (doi:10.3809/jvirtex.2003.00064)
90. Lavecchia, G., Minelli, G., Pialli, G., 1987. Contractional and extensional tectonics along the cross-section Lake Trasimeno-Pesaro (Central Italy). In: Boriani, A., Bonafede, M., Piccardo, G.B., Vai, G.B. (Eds.), The Lithosphere in Italy: Advances in Earth Sciences Research. Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei, Roma, 177-194.
91. Liotta, D., Ranalli, G., 1999. Correlation between seismic reflectivity and rheology in extended lithosphere: southern Tuscany, inner northern Apennines, Italy. Tectonophysics, 315, 109-122.
92. Lister, G.S., Banga, G., Feenstra, A., 1984. Metamorphic core complexes of cordilleran type in the Cyclades, Aegean Sea, Greece, Geology, 12 (4), 221-225.
93. Lister, G. S., Davis, G. A., 1989. The origin of metamorphic complexes and detachment faults formed during Tertiary continental extension in the Northern Colorado River region, USA: Journal of Structural Geology, 11, 65-93.
94. Lucente, C.C., Pini, G.A., 2008, Basinwide mass-wasting complexes as markers of the Oligo-Miocene foredeep-accretionary wedge evolution in the Northern Apennines, Italy. Basin Research, 20, 49-71.
95. Magnani, M. B., 2000, The structural complexity of the Northern Apennines (Italy) as evidenced by the CROP03 data: Perugia, Italy, Ph.D. thesis, Universita' di Perugia, 165 p.
96. Marson, I., Cernobori, L., Nicolich, R., Stoka, M., Liotta, D., Palmieri, F., Velicogna, I., 1998. CROP03profile: a geophysical analysis of data and results. Memorie della Societa Geologica Italiana, 52, 123-137.
97. Massoli D., Koyi H.A., Barchi M.R. 2006 Structural evolution of a fold and thrust belt generated by multiple décollements. Analogue models and natural examples from the Northern Apennines (Italy). Journal Of Structural Geology (0191-8141), 28, 185-199.
98. Mattei, M., Sagnotti, L., Faccenna, C., Funiciello, R., 1997. Magnetic fabric of weakly deformed clay-rich sediments in the Italian peninsula: relationships with compressional and extensional tectonics. Tectonophysics, 271, 107-122.
99. Mele, G., Sandvol, E., 2003, Deep crustal roots beneath the northern Apennines inferred from teleseismic receiver functions: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 211, 69-78.
100. Menichetti, M., Pialli, G., 1986. Geologia strutturale del Preappennino umbro tra i Monti di Gubbio e la catena del M. Petrano-M. Cucco (Appennino Umbro-Marchigiano). Memorie della Societa' Geologica Italiana, 35, 1, 371-388.
101. Merla, G., 1951. Geologia dell'Appennino settentrionale. Bollettino della Societa Geologica Italiana, 70, 95-382.
102. Miller, S.A., Collettini, C., Chiaraluce, L., Cocco, M., Barchi, M., Kaus, B.J.P., 2004. Aftershocks driven by a highpressure CO2 at depth, Nature, v. 427, p. 724-727, 10.1038/nature02251.
103. Mirabella, F., Barchi, M.R., Lupattelli, A., Stucchi, E., Ciaccio, M.G., 2008. Insights on the seismogenic layer thickness from the upper crust structure of the Umbria-Marche Apennines (Central Italy). Tectonics (0278-7407), 27, TC1010.
104. Mongelli, F., Pialli, G., Zito, G., 1998. Tectonic subsidence, heat flow and uplift in Tuscany: a new geodynamic and geothermal approach. Memorie della Societa Geologica Italiana, 52, 275-282.
105. Mongelli F., Zito G., 1991. Flusso di calore nella regione toscana. Studi Geologici Camerti, Vol. Spec. 1991/1, 91-98.
106. Montone, P., Mariucci, M. T., Pondrelli S., Amato, A., 2004. An improved stress map for Italy and surrounding regions (Central Mediterranean). Journal of Geophysical Research, 109, B10410, (doi: 10.1029/2003JB002703)
107. Ori, G.G., Roveri, M., Vannoni, F., 1986. Plio-Pleistocene sedimentation in the Apenninnic-Adriatic foredeep (Central Adriatic Sea, Italy). In: Allen, P.A., Homewood, P. (Eds.), IAS Special Publication 8, Foreland Basins, pp. 183-198.
108. Pascucci, V., Merlini, S., Martini, I. P., 1999. Seismic stratigraphy of the Miocene-Pleistocene sedimentary basins of the Northern Tyrrhenian Sea and western Tuscany (Italy). Basin Research, 11, 337-356.
109. Pascucci, V., Costantini, A., Martini, I.P., Dringoli, R., 2006. Tectono-sedimentary analysis of a complex, extensional, Neogene basin formed on thrust-faulted, Northern Apennines hinterland: Radicofani Basin, Italy. Sedimentary Geology, 183, 71-97.
110. Pascucci, V., Martini, I.P., Sagri, M., Sandrelli, F., 2007. Effects of transverse structural lineaments on the Neogene-Quaternary basins of Tuscany (inner Northern Apennines, Italy). In: Nichols, G., Williams E., and Paola C. (Eds.) Sedimentary Processes, Environments and Basins: a Tribute to Peter Friend. IAS Spec. Publ. n. 38, 155-182.
111. Pauselli, C., Federico, C., 2002, The brittle/ductile transition along the Crop03 seismic profile: relationship with the geological features: Bollettino della Societa Geologica Italiana, Volume Speciale 1, 25-35.
112. Pauselli, C., Barchi, M.R., Federico, C., Magnani, M.B., Minelli, G., 2006. The crustal structure of the Northern Apennines (Central Italy): An insight by the CROP03 seismic line: American Journal of Science, 306, 428-450.
113. Pauselli, C., Ranalli, G., Federico, C., 2010. Rheology of the Northern Apennines: Lateral variations of lithospheric strength. Tectonophysics, in press.
114. Peccerillo, A., 2005. Plio-Quaternary volcanism in Italy. Berlin, Springer, 365 pp.
115. Peccerillo, A., Panza, G., 1999. Upper mantle domains beneath central-southern Italy: petrological, geochemical and geophysical constrains. Pure and Applied Geophysics, 156, 421-443.
116. Pialli, G., Barchi, M., Minelli, G., editors, 1998, Results of the CROP03 deep seismic reflection profile. Memorie della Societa Geologica Italiana, 52, 647 pp.
117. Piana Agostinetti, N., Lucente, F. P., Selvaggi, G., Di Bona, M., 2002. Crustal structure and Moho geometry beneath the Northern Apennines (Italy). Geophysical Journal International, 29, (doi: 10.1029/2002GL015109)
118. Pieri, M., Groppi, G., 1981. Subsurface geological structure of the Po Plain (Italy). Pubblicazione del Progetto Finalizzato Geodinamica C.N.R. 414, 1-23.
119. Piromallo, C., Morelli, A., 1997. Imaging the Mediterranean upper mantle by P-wave travel time tomography: Annals of Geophysics, 40, 963-979.
120. Piromallo, C., Morelli, A., 2003. P-wave tomography of the mantle under the Alpine-Mediterranean area, J. Geophys. Res., 108 (B2), 2099, (doi: 10.1029/2002JB001757)
121. Poli, G., 2004. Genesis and evolution of Miocene-Quaternary intermediate-acid rocks from the Tuscan Magmatic Province. Per. Mineral, 73, 187-214.
122. Pondrelli, S., Salimbeni, S., Ekström, G., Morelli, A., Gasperini, P., Vannucci, G., 2006. The Italian CMT dataset from 1977 to the present. Phys. Earth Planet. Int. 286-303. doi10.1016/j.pepi.2006.07.008,159/3-4.
123. Ponziani, F., De Franco, R., Minelli, G., Biella, G., Federico, C., Pialli, G., 1995. Crustal shortening and duplication of the Moho in the Northern Apennines: a view from seismic refraction data: Tectonophysics, 252, 391-418.
124. Pontevivo, A., Panza, G. F., 2002. Group velocity tomography and regionalization in Italy and bordering areas: Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, 134, 1-15.
125. Reutter, K.J., Giese, P., Closs, H., 1980. Lithospheric split in the descending plate: observations from the Northern Apennines. Tectonophysics, 64, T1-T9.
126. Ricci Lucchi, F., 1986. The foreland basin system of the northern apennines and related clastic wedges: a preliminary outline. Giornale di Geologia, 48, 165-185.
127. Ricci Lucchi, F., Pialli, G., 1973. Apporti secondari nella marnoso arenacea: 1. torbiditi di conoide e di pianura sottomarina ad est-nordest di Perugia. Bollettino della Societá Geologica Italiana 92, 669-712.
128. Ridolfi, A., Luchetti, L., Menichetti, M., Negri, A., Pialli, G., 1995. Use of the key beds in stratigraphic and structural analysis of the Marnoso-Arenacea Fm. of the Assino Valley area (Northern Umbrian Apennines). Giornale di Geologia 57, 113-129.
129. Royden, L., Karner, G. D., 1984. Flexure of Lithosphere Beneath Apennine and Carpathian Foredeep Basins: Evidence for an Insufficient Topographic Load. AAPG Bulletin, 68, 704-712.
130. Royden, L.H., Patacca, E., Scandone, P., 1987. Segmentation and configuration of subducted lithosphere in Italy: and important control on thrust belt and foredeep basin evolution. Geology, 15, 714-717.
131. Sage, L., Mosconi, A., Moretti, I., Riva, E., Roure, F., 1991. Cross section balancing in the central Apennines; an application of LOCACE. American Association Petroleum Geologists Bulletin 75, 832-844.
132. Sachpazi, M., Clément, C., Laigle, M., Hirn, A., Roussos, N., 2003. Rift structure, evolution, and earthquakes in the Gulf of Corinth, from reflection seismic images. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 216, 243-257.
133. Scandone, P., 1980. Origin of the Tyrrhenian Sea and Calabrian Arc. Bollettino della Societa Geologica Italiana, 98, 27-34.
134. Scarascia S., Lozej, A., R., Cassinis, R., 1994. Crustal structures of the Ligurian, Tyrrhenian and Ionian Seas and adjacent onshore areas interpreted from wide-angle seismic pro-¢les. Boll. Geof. Teor. Appl. 36 5^19.
135. Scarselli, S., Simpson, G.D.H., Allen, P.A., Minelli, G., Gaudenzi, L., 2007. Association between Messinian drainage network formation and major tectonic activity in the Marche Apennines (Italy). Terra Nova, 19, 74-81.
136. Scrocca, D., 2006. Thrust front segmentation induced by differential slab retreat in the Apennines (Italy). Terra Nova, 18, 154-161.
137. Scrocca, D., Doglioni, C., Innocenti, F., Manetti, P., Mazzotti, A., Bertelli, L., Burbi, L., D'Offizi, S., (eds), 2003. CROP Atlas: seismic reflection profiles of the Italian crust. Mem. Descr. Carta Geol. It., 62, 194 pp, 71 plates.
138. Scrocca, D., Carminati, E., Doglioni, C., Marcantoni, D., 2007. Slab retreat and active shortening along the centralnorthern Apennines. In: Thrust belts and Foreland Basins: From Fold Kinematics to Hydrocarbon Systems, O. Lacombe, J. Lavé, F. Roure and J. Verges (Eds.), Frontiers in Earth Sciences, Springer, 471-487.
139. Serri G., Innocenti, F., Manetti P., 2001. Magmatism from Mesozoic to Present:petrogenesis, time-space distribution and geodynamic implications. In: G.B. Vai, I.P. Martini (eds.), Anatomy of an orogen: the Apennines and adjacent Mediterranean Basins. Kluwer Academic Publisher, 77-104.
140. Spakman, W., van der Lee, S., van der Hilst, R., 1993, Travel-time tomography of the European- Mediterranean mantle down to 1400 km: Physical Earth and Planetary Interiors, v. 79, p. 3-74.
141. Speranza, F., Chiappini, M., 2002, Thick-skinned tectonics in the external Apennines, Italy: new evidence from magnetic anomaly analysis: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 107, B11, (doi:10.1029/2002JB000027)
142. Suhaldolc, P., and Panza, G., 1989, Physical properties of the lithosphere-asthenosphere system in Europe from geophysical data, in Boriani, A., Bonafede, M., Piccardo, G. B., and Vai, G. B., editors, The lithosphere in Italy: Advances in Earth Research: Roma, Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei, 143, p. 15-40.
143. Turrini, C., Ravaglia, A., Perotti, C.R., 2001. Compressional structures in a multi-layered mechanical stratigraphy: insights from sandbox modelling with three dimensional variation in basal geometry and friction. In: Koyi, H.A., Mancktelow, N.S. (Eds.), Tectonic Modeling: a Volume in Honour of Hans Ramberg. Geological Society of America Memoir, 193, 153-178.
144. Withjack, M.O., Olson, J., Peterson, E., 1990. Experimental modes of extensional forced folds. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bullettin, 74, 1038-1045.
145. Zang, S. X., Wei, R. Q., Ning, J. Y., 2007. Effect of brittle fracture on the rheological structure of the lithosphere and its application in the Ordos. Tectonophysics, 429, 267-285.