The history and development of a rigorous metrological basis for pH measurements

Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry

Volumn 15, Issue 1, 2011, Pages 69-76

  Spitzer, Petra ^a   Pratt, Kenneth W ^b  

^a PHYSIKALISCH TECHNISCHE BUNDESANSTALT   (Germany)

^b NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY   (United States)

Author keywords

Differential cell; Metrology; pH; Potentiometry; Primary measurement; Reference standard; Traceability

Indexed keywords

DIFFERENTIAL CELL; METROLOGY; POTENTIOMETRY; PRIMARY MEASUREMENT; REFERENCE STANDARD; TRACEABILITY;

ELECTRODES; MEASUREMENTS; POTENTIOMETERS (ELECTRIC MEASURING INSTRUMENTS); STANDARDS; UNCERTAINTY ANALYSIS;

PH EFFECTS;

EID: 79952004835     PISSN: 14328488     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10008-010-1106-9     Document Type: Review

References (49)

1. G Meinrath P Spitzer 2000 Microchimica acta 135 155 168 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXitVKltQ%3D%3D
2. Michaelis L (1914) Die Wasserstoffionenkonzentration. Ihre Bedeutung in der Biologie und die Methoden ihrer Messung. Springer, Berlin
3. Sørensen SPL (1909) Biochemische Zeitschrift 21:131-200;201-304; continuation (1909) Compt. Rend. Trav. Lab. Carlsberg 8:1-153
4. RJC Brown MJT Milton 2007 Chem Soc Rev 36 904 913 10.1039/b507452p 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXlvVShtb8%3D
5. ISO/IEC 17025:2005 (2005) General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories. ISO, Geneva, Switzerland
6. S Arrhenius 1887 Z Phys Chem 1 631 648
7. H Friedenthal 1904 Z Elektrochemie 10 113 119
8. F Haber Z Klemensiewicz 1909 Z Phys Chem 67 385 431 1:CAS:528: DyaD28XhtVGh
9. Lewis GN, Randall M (1923) Thermodynamics and the free energy of chemical substances. McGraw-Hill, New York
10. P Debye E Hückel 1923 Phys Z 24 185 206 1:CAS:528: DyaB3sXhs12jsw%3D%3D
11. SPL Sørensen K Linderstrøm-Lang 1924 Compt Rend Trav Lab Carlsberg 15 1 40
12. RG Bates 1948 Chem Rev 42 1 60 1:CAS:528:DyaH1cXhs12ksA%3D%3D cited in Bates RG (1981) CRC Crit Rev Anal Chem 10:247-278
13. Galster H (1991) pH measurement. VCH, Weinheim, pp 47-52
14. Bates RG (1973) Determination of pH. Theory and practice, 2nd edn. Wiley, New York
15. HS Harned RA Robinson 1928 J Am Chem Soc 50 3157 3178 1:CAS:528:DyaB1MXmsVCr
16. HS Harned RW Ehlers 1932 J Am Chem Soc 54 1350 1357 1:CAS:528: DyaA38XislOqsQ%3D%3D
17. Manual of symbols and terminology for physicochemical quantities and units, 2nd ed., prepared for publication by Whiffen D H (1979). Pure Appl Chem 51:30-31
18. AK Covington 1981 Anal Chim Acta 127 1 21 1:CAS:528:DyaL3MXksFCjtLw%3D
19. RG Bates 1981 The modern meaning of pH CRC Crit Rev Anal Chem 10 247 278 1:CAS:528:DyaL3MXhsVGqsb4%3D
20. AK Covington RG Bates RA Durst 1985 Pure Appl Chem 57 531 542
21. FGK Baucke 2002 Anal Bioanal Chem 374 772 777 1:CAS:528: DC%2BD38Xos1yjt7w%3D
22. P Spitzer R Eberhardt I Schmidt U Sudmeier 1996 Fresenius J Anal Chem 356 178 181 1:CAS:528:DyaK28XmtFGqsbs%3D
23. Baucke FGK (1997) In: Spitzer P (ed) PTB-report W-68. Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig, pp 10-20
24. FGK Baucke P Spitzer R Naumann 1998 Anal Chem 70 7 227A
25. RP Buck S Rondinini FGK Baucke CMA Brett MF Camões AK Covington MJT Milton T Mussini R Naumann KW Pratt P Spitzer GS Wilson 2002 Pure Appl Chem 74 2169 2200 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXhsFKnsLY%3D
26. M Máriássy KW Pratt P Spitzer 2009 Metrologia 46 199 213
27. WJ Hamer SF Acree 1939 J Res Nat Bur Stand (U.S.) 23 647 662 1:CAS:528:DyaH3cXpvVSk
28. RG Bates SF Acree 1943 J Res Nat Bur Stand (U.S.) 30 129 155 1:CAS:528:DyaH3sXhtlyktw%3D%3D
29. WJ Hamer SF Acree 1944 J Res Nat Bur Stand (U.S.) 32 215 221 1:CAS:528:DyaH2cXjsVGhtA%3D%3D
30. RG Bates EA Guggenheim 1960 Pure Appl Chem 1 163 168 1:CAS:528: DyaF3sXktVGksrs%3D
31. P Spitzer 2001 Accred Qual Assur 6 55 60 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXivFCmtbs%3D
32. RG Bates RA Robinson 1980 Solution Chemistry 9 455 456 1:CAS:528:DyaL3cXmtFWju7g%3D
33. OIML (1980) pH Scale for Aqueous Solutions, International Recommendation No. 54
34. Draft International Standard ISO/DIS 26149 Water quality (2000) Determination of pH, ISO, Geneva
35. DIN 19266 (2000) pH-measurement - Reference buffer solutions for the calibration of pH measuring equipment. Beuth Verlag, Berlin
36. P Spitzer B Werner 2002 Anal Bioanal Chem 374 787 795 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38Xos1yjt7o%3D
37. FGK Baucke 1977 Chem-Ing-Tech 49 739 740 1:CAS:528:DyaE2sXlvFSisrs%3D
38. FGK Baucke 1979 Electrochim Acta 24 95 97 1:CAS:528:DyaE1MXksFKjs7Y%3D
39. FGK Baucke 1994 J Electroanal Chem 68 67 75
40. M Breitenbach E Echkardt P Einert M Moritz 1980 Mitteilungsblatt der Chemischen Gesellschaft der DDR 27 10 209 214 1:CAS:528:DyaL3MXhs1egurg%3D
41. CMCs in pH, BIPM Data base, Available at http://kcdb.bipm.org/AppendixD/ default.asp (date of access : 30 May 2010)
42. FGK Baucke 1993 Anal Chem 65 3244 3251 1:CAS:528:DyaK3sXmtFKgu7w%3D
43. FGK Baucke 1994 Anal Chem 66 4519 4524 1:CAS:528:DyaK2cXms1KgsLc%3D
44. DIN 19268:2007-05 (2007) pH-measurement of aqueous solutions with pH measuring chains with pH glass electrodes and evaluation of measurement uncertainty
45. ISO 10523:2008 (2008) Water quality-determination of pH, ISO, Geneva (date of access: 20 April 2010)
46. De Bievre P, Dybkaer R, Fajgelj A, Hibbert DB (2008) Draft IUPAC recommendation, Available at http://old.iupac.org/projects/2001/2001-010-3-500. html (date of access: 30 May 2010)
47. IUPAC Project: comparable pH measurements by metrological traceability, 2005, Available at http://www.iupac.org/web/ins/2004-005-2-500 (date of access: 20 April 2010)
48. Project 843 of EURAMET (European Association of National Metrology Institutes), Available at: http://www.euramet.org/index.php?id=tc-projects (date of access: 20 April 2010)
49. Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement (2008) ISO/IEC Guide 98-3:2008 [JCGM 100:2008] Available at: http://www.bipm.org/en/ publications/guides/gum.html