Revisiting linear discriminant techniques in gender recognition

IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence

Volumn 33, Issue 4, 2011, Pages 858-864

  Bekios Calfa, Juan ^a   Buenaposada, José M ^b   Baumela, Luis ^c  

^a UNIVERSIDAD CATÓLICA DEL NORTE   (Chile)

^b UNIVERSIDAD REY JUAN CARLOS   (Spain)

^c UNIVERSIDAD POLITÉCNICA DE MADRID   (Spain)

Author keywords

Computer vision; Fisher linear discriminant analysis.; gender classification

Indexed keywords

BEST CHOICE; BOOSTING ALGORITHM; CLASSIFICATION ACCURACY; COMPUTATIONAL REQUIREMENTS; COMPUTATIONAL RESOURCES; EMERGING APPLICATIONS; FISHER LINEAR DISCRIMINANT ANALYSIS; GENDER CLASSIFICATION; GENDER RECOGNITION; LINEAR APPROACH; LINEAR CLASSIFICATION; LINEAR DISCRIMINANT ANALYSIS; LINEAR DISCRIMINANTS; LINEAR TECHNIQUES; NETWORKED COMPUTING; RESULTS REPORTING; STATE-OF-THE-ART PERFORMANCE; TRAINING DATA;

ALGORITHMS; COMPUTER APPLICATIONS; COMPUTER VISION; DATABASE SYSTEMS; DISCRIMINANT ANALYSIS; FACE RECOGNITION; MOBILE DEVICES; SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINES;

EXPERIMENTS;

ALGORITHM; ARTICLE; AUTOMATED PATTERN RECOGNITION; FACTUAL DATABASE; METHODOLOGY; SEXUAL DEVELOPMENT; THEORETICAL MODEL;

ALGORITHMS; DATABASES, FACTUAL; MODELS, THEORETICAL; PATTERN RECOGNITION, AUTOMATED; SEX CHARACTERISTICS;

EID: 79951945340     PISSN: 01628828     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1109/TPAMI.2010.208     Document Type: Article

References (23)

1. B. Moghaddam and M.-H. Yang, "Learning Gender with Support Faces," IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis and Machine I (Pubitemid 34550436)
2. S. Baluja and H.A. Rowley, "Boosting Sex Identification Performance," Int'l J. Computer Vision, vol. 71, no. 1, pp. 111-119, Jan. 2007. (Pubitemid 44343155)
3. E. Mäkinen and R. Raisamo, "Evaluation of Gender Classification Methods with Automatically Detected and Aligned Faces," IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. 30, no. 3, pp. 541-547, Mar. 2008. (Pubitemid 351280060)
4. E. Mäkinen and R. Raisamo, "An Experimental Comparison of Gender Classification Methods," Pattern Recognition Letters, vol. 29, no. 10, pp. 1544-1556, July 2008.
5. B.A. Golomb, D.T. Lawrence, and T.J. Sejnowski, "Sexnet: A Neural Network Identifies Sex from Human Faces," Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, pp. 572-577, Morgan Kauffmann, 1990.
6. G. Shakhnarovich, P.A. Viola, and B. Moghaddam, "A Unified Learning Framework for Real Time Face Detection and Classification," Proc. Int'l Conf. Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition, pp. 16-26, 2002.
7. A. Lapedriza, M.J. Marin-Jiménez, and J. Vitrià, "Gender Recognition in Non Controlled Environments," Proc. Int'l Conf. Robotics and Automation, pp. 834-837, 2006. (Pubitemid 46553250)
8. K. Fukunaga, Introduction to Statistical Pattern Recognition. Academic Press, 1990.
9. J. Yang and J.-y. Yang, "Why Can LDA Be Performed in PCA Transformed Space?" Pattern Recognition, vol. 36, pp. 563-566, 2003. (Pubitemid 35212848)
10. M. Zhu and A.M. Mart́nez, "Selecting Principal Components in a Two-Stage LDA Algorithm," Proc. IEEE Conf. Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, vol. I, pp. 132-137, 2006. (Pubitemid 44931322)
11. R. Johnson and D. Wichern, Applied Multivariate Statistical Analysis. Prentice-Hall, 1998.
12. A.M. Martinez and A.C. Kak, "PCA versus LDA," IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. 23, no. 2, pp. 228-233, Feb. 2001. (Pubitemid 32254716)
13. M.A. Vicente, P.O. Hoyer, and A. Hyvärinen, "Equivalence of Some Common Linear Feature Extraction Techniques for Appearance-Based Object Recognition Tasks," IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. 29, no. 5, pp. 896-900, May 2007. (Pubitemid 46534785)
14. A. Jain and J. Huang, "Integrating Independent Components and Linear Discriminant Analysis for Gender Classification," Proc. Int'l Conf. Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition, pp. 159-163, 2004.
15. P. Phillips, H. Moon, P. Rauss, and S. Rizvi, "The Feret Evaluation Methodology for Face Recognition Algorithms," IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. 22, no. 10, pp. 1090-1104, Oct. 2000.
16. M. Minear and D.C. Park, "A Lifespan Database of Adult Facial Stimuli," Behavior Research Methods, Instruments and Computers, vol. 36, pp. 630-633, 2004. (Pubitemid 40251413)
17. P. Viola and M.J. Jones, "Robust Real-Time Face Detection," Int'l J. Computer Vision, vol. 57, no. 2, pp. 137-154, May 2004.
18. J.C. Platt, "Fast Training of Support Vector Machines Using Sequential Minimal Optimization," Advances in Kernel Methods: Support Vector Learning, pp. 185-208, MIT Press, 1999.
19. G. Guo, C.R. Dyer, Y. Fu, and T.S. Huang, "Is Gender Recognition Affected by Age?" Proc. IEEE Int'l Conf. Computer Vision Workshop Human-Computer Interaction, pp. 2032-2039, 2009.
20. H. Ai and G. Wei, "Face Gender Classification on Consumer Images in a Multiethnic Environment," Proc. Conf. Advances in Biometrics, 2009.
21. P. Zhang, J. Peng, and N. Riedel, "Discriminant Analysis: A Least Squares Approximation View," Proc. IEEE Conf. Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, 2005.
22. W. Zheng, L. Zhao, and C. Zou, "An Efficient Algorithm to Solve the Small Sample Size Problem for LDA," Pattern Recognition, vol. 37, pp. 1077-1079, 2004. (Pubitemid 38473845)
23. J. Ye, R. Janardan, C.H. Park, and H. Park, "An Optimization Criterion for Generalized Discriminant Analysis on Undersample Problems," IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. 26, no. 8, pp. 982-994, Aug. 2004.