The dependence of convection-related parameters on surface and boundary-layer conditions over complex terrain

Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society

Volumn 137, Issue SUPPL. 1, 2011, Pages 70-80

  Kalthoff, N ^a   Kohler, M ^a   Barthlott, C ^a   Adler, B ^a   Mobbs, S D ^c   Corsmeier, U ^a   Traumner K ^a   Foken, T ^b   Eigenmann, R ^b   Krauss, L ^a   Khodayar, S ^a   Di Girolamo, P ^d  

^a KARLSRUHE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (Germany)

^b UNIVERSITY OF BAYREUTH   (Germany)

^c Earth and Environmental Sciences   (United Kingdom)

^d UNIVERSITY OF BASILICATA   (Italy)

Author keywords

Convective boundary layer; COPS; Energy balance; Pre convective environment; Soil moisture

Indexed keywords

ABSOLUTE VALUES; COMPLEX TERRAINS; CONVECTIVE BOUNDARY LAYERS; CONVECTIVE INDEX; CONVECTIVE INHIBITION; COPS; FIELD CAMPAIGN; GERMANY; INHOMOGENEITIES; NET RADIATION; POTENTIAL INSTABILITY; POTENTIAL TEMPERATURE; PRE-CONVECTIVE ENVIRONMENT; PROCESS CHAIN; SURFACE FLUX; SURFACE HEAT FLUXES; VALLEY SITES;

BOUNDARY LAYER FLOW; BOUNDARY LAYERS; ENERGY BALANCE; HEAT FLUX; MOISTURE DETERMINATION; SOIL MOISTURE;

LANDFORMS;

ATMOSPHERIC CONVECTION; COMPLEX TERRAIN; CONVECTIVE BOUNDARY LAYER; ENERGY BALANCE; LATENT HEAT FLUX; OROGRAPHIC EFFECT; POTENTIAL TEMPERATURE; SENSIBLE HEAT FLUX; SOIL MOISTURE; SURFACE ENERGY;

RHINE VALLEY;

EID: 79951940538     PISSN: 00359009     EISSN: 1477870X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/qj.686     Document Type: Article

References (38)

1. Aoshima F, Behrendt A, Bauer H-S, Wulfmeyer V. 2008. Statistics of convection initiation by use of Meteosat rapid scan data during the Convective and Orographically-induced Precipitation Study (COPS). Meteorol. Z. 17: 921-930.
2. Barthlott C, Corsmeier U, Meißner C, Braun F, Kottmeier C. 2006. The influence of mesoscale circulation systems on triggering convective cells over complex terrain. Atmos. Res. 81: 150-175.
3. Barthlott C, Schipper JW, Kalthoff N, Adler B, Kottmeier C, Blyth A, Mobbs SD. 2010. Model representation of boundary-layer convergence triggering deep convection over complex terrain: A case study from COPS. Atmos. Res. 95: 172-185.
4. Behrendt A, Pal S, Aoshima F, Bender M, Blyth A, Corsmeier U, Cuesta J, Dick G, Dorninger M, Flamant C, Di Girolamo P, Gorgas T, Huang Y, Kalthoff N, Khodayar S, Mannstein H, Träumner K, Wieser A, Wulfmeyer V. 2011. Observation of convection initiation processes with a suite of state-of-the-art research instruments during COPS IOP 8b. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 137(S1): 81-100, DOI: 10.1002/qj.758.
5. Bennett LJ, Blyth AM, Burton RR, Gadian AM, Weckwerth TM, Behrendt A, Di Girolamo P, Dorninger M, Lock S-J, Smith VH, Mobbs SD. 2011. Initiation of convection over the Black Forest mountains during COPS IOP15a. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 137(S1): 176-189.
6. Bertram I, Seifert A, Beheng KD. 2004. The evolution of liquid water/ice contents of a mid-latitude convective storm derived from radar data and results from a cloud-resolving model. Meteorol. Z. 13: 221-232.
7. Corsmeier U, Kalthoff N, Barthlott C, Behrendt A, Di Girolamo P, Dorninger M, Handwerker J, Kottmeier C, Mahlke H, Mobbs SD, Norton EG, Wickert J, Wulfmeyer V. 2011. Processes driving deep convection over complex terrain: a multi-scale analysis of observations from COPS-IOP 9c. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 137(S1): 137-155, DOI: 10.1002/qj.754.
8. Eigenmann R, Metzger S, Foken T. 2009. Generation of free convection due to changes of the local circulation system. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 9: 8587-8600.
9. Eigenmann R, Kalthoff N, Foken T, Dorninger M, Kohler M, Legain D, Pigeon G, Piguet B, Schüttemeyer D, Traulle O. 2010. Surface energy balance and turbulence network during COPS. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. PE to update.
10. Garratt JR. 1994. The atmospheric boundary layer. Cambridge University Press: New York.
11. Groenemeijer P, Barthlott C, Behrendt A, Corsmeier U, Handwerker J, Kohler M, Kottmeier C, Mahlke H, Pal S, Radlach M, Trentmann J, Wieser A, Wulfmeyer V. 2009. Observations of kinematics and thermodynamic structure surrounding a convective storm cluster over a low mountain range. Mon. Weather Rev. 137: 585-602.
12. Hauck C, Barthlott C, Krauß L, Kalthoff N, Schädler G, Kottmeier C. 2010. Soil moisture variability and its influence on convective precipitation over complex terrain. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. PE to update.
13. Kalthoff N, Binder H-J, Kossmann M, Vögtlin R, Corsmeier U, Fiedler F, Schlager H. 1998. Temporal evolution and spatial variation of the boundary layer over complex terrain. Atmos. Environ. 32: 1179-1194.
14. Kalthoff N, Fiedler F, Kohler M, Kolle O, Mayer H, Wenzel A. 1999. Analysis of energy balance components as a function of orography and land use and comparison of results with the distribution of variables influencing local climate. Theor. Appl. Climatol. 62: 65-84.
15. Kalthoff N, Horlacher V, Corsmeier U, Volz-Thomas A, Kolahgar B, Geiß H, Möllmann-Coers M, Knaps A. 2000. Influence of valley winds on transport and dispersion of airborne pollutants in the Freiburg-Schauinsland area. J. Geophys. Res. 105: 1585-1597.
16. Kalthoff N, Fiebig-Wittmaack M, Meißner C, Kohler M, Uriarte M, Bischoff-Gauß I, Gonzales E. 2006. The energy balance, evapo-transpiration and nocturnal dew deposition of an arid valley in the Andes. J. Arid Environments 65: 420-443.
17. Kalthoff N, Adler B, Barthlott C, Corsmeier U, Mobbs SD, Crewell S, Träumner K, Kottmeier C, Wieser A, Smith V, Di Girolamo P. 2009. The impact of convergence zones on the initiation of deep convection: A case study from COPS. Atmos. Res. 93: 680-694.
18. Khodayar S, Kalthoff N, Wickert J, Corsmeier U, Morcrette CJ, Kottmeier C. 2010. The increase of spatial data resolution for the detection of the initiation of convection. A case study from CSIP. Meteorol. Z. 19: 179-198.
19. Kohler M, Kalthoff N, Kottmeier C. 2010. The impact of soil moisture modifications on CBL characteristics in West Africa: A case-study from the AMMA campaign. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 136(S1): 442-455.
20. Koßmann M, Vögtlin R. Corsmeier U, Vogel B, Fiedler F, Binder H-J, Kalthoff N, Beyrich F. 1998. Aspects of the convective boundary layer structure over complex terrain. Atmos. Environ. 32: 1323-1348.
21. Kottmeier C, Kalthoff N, Barthlott C, Corsmeier U, Van Baelen J, Behrendt A, Behrendt R, Blyth A, Coulter R, Crewell S, Di Girolamo P, Dorninger M, Flamant C, Foken T, Hagen M, Hauck C, Höller H, Konow H, Kunz M, Mahlke H, Mobbs SD, Richard E, Steinacker R, Weckwerth TM, Wieser A, Wulfmeyer V. 2008. Mechanisms initiating deep convection over complex terrain during COPS. Meteorol. Z. 17: 931-948.
22. Mauder M, Liebethal C, Göckede M, Leps J-P, Beyrich F, Foken T. 2006. Processing and quality control of flux data during LITFASS-2003. Boundary-Layer Meteorol. 121: 67-88.
23. Meißner C, Kalthoff N, Kunz M, Adrian G. 2007. Initiation of shallow convection in the Black Forest mountains. Atmos. Res. 86: 42-60.
24. Munn RE. 1966. Descriptive micrometeorology. Academic Press: New York.
25. nd edition. Methuen: London.
26. Parker DJ. 2002. The response of CAPE and CIN to tropospheric thermal variations. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 128: 119-130.
27. Schlaeger S, Hübner C, Becker R. 2005. 'Simple soil moisture probe for low-cost measurement applications.' Pp 258-265 in Proceedings of the 6th Conference on Electromagnetic wave interaction with water and moist substances, ISEMA 2005, Weimar, Germany, 29 May-1 June.
28. Stull RB. 1988. An introduction to boundary layer meteorology. Kluwer Academic Press: Dordrecht.
29. Taylor CM, Ellis RJ. 2006. Satellite detection of soil moisture impacts on convection at the mesoscale. Geophys. Res. Lett. 33: L03404, DOI:10.1029/2005GL025252.
30. Taylor CM, Lebel T. 1998. Observational evidence of persistent convective-scale rainfall patterns. Mon. Weather Rev. 126: 1597-1607.
31. Taylor CM, Parker DJ, Harris PP. 2007. An observational case study of mesoscale atmospheric circulations induced by soil moisture. Geophys. Res. Lett. 34: L15801, DOI: 10.1029/2007GL030572.
32. Taylor CM, Harris PP, Parker DJ. 2010. Impact of soil moisture on the development of a Sahelian mesoscale convective system: A case-study from the AMMA Special Observing Period. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 136(S1): 456-470.
33. Tucker SC, Brewer WA, Banta RM, Senff CJ, Sandberg SP, Law DC, Weickmann AM, Hardesty RM. 2009. Doppler lidar estimation of mixing height using turbulence, shear, and aerosol profiles. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol. 26: 673-688.
34. Weckwerth TM. 2000. The effect of small-scale moisture variability on thunderstorm initiation. Mon. Weather Rev. 128: 4017-4030.
35. Wenzel A, Kalthoff N, Fiedler F. 1997. On the variation of the energy-balance components with orography in the Upper Rhine Valley. Theor. Appl. Climatol. 57: 1-9.
36. Wilson JW, Foote GB, Crook NA, Fankhauser JC, Wade CG, Tuttle JD, Mueller CK, Krueger SK. 1992. The role of boundary-layer convergence zones and horizontal rolls in the initiation of thunderstorms: A case study. Mon. Weather Rev. 120: 1785-1815.
37. Wulfmeyer V, Behrendt A, Bauer H-S, Kottmeier C, Corsmeier U, Blyth A, Craig G, Schumann U, Hagen M, Crewell S, Di Girolamo P, Flamant C, Miller M, Montani A, Mobbs SD, Richard E, Rotach MW, Arpagaus M, Russchenberg H, Schlüssel P, König M, Gärtner V, Steinacker R, Dorninger M, Turner DD, Weckwerth TM, Hense A, Simmer C. 2008. The Convective and Orographically induced Precipitation Study: A research and development project of the World Weather Research Program for improving quantitative precipitation forecasting in low-mountain regions. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc. 89: 1477-1486.
38. Wulfmeyer V, Behrendt A, Kottmeier C, Corsmeier U, Barthlott C, Craig G, Hagen M, Althausen D, Aoshima F, Arpagaus M, Bauer H-S, van Baelen J, Bennett L, Blyth A, Brandau C, Crewell S, Dick G, Dorninger M, Dufournet Y, Ehret G, Engelmann R, Flamant C, Foken T, Di Girolamo P, Groenemeijer P, Grzeschik M, Handwerker J, Hauck C, Höller H, Junkermann W, Kalthoff N, Kiemle C, Klink S, König M, Koppert H-J, Krauss L, Long CN, Madonna F, Mobbs SD, Neininger B, Pal S, Peters G, Pigeon G, Radlach M, Richard E, Rotach M, Russchenberg H, Schumann U, Schwitalla T, Simmer C, Smith V, Steinacker R, Turner D, Vogt S, Volkert H, Weckwerth T, Wernli H, Wieser A, Wunram C. 2010. The Convective and Orographically-induced Precipitation Study (COPS): The scientific strategy, the field phase, and first highlights. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. PE to update.