Toleration and liberal commitments

Toleration and Its Limits

Volumn , Issue , 2008, Pages 243-280

  Smith, Steven D ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SAN DIEGO   (United States)

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EID: 79951924155     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: None     Document Type: Chapter

References (49)

1. See Glyn Morgan, "How Impoverishing Is Liberalism?" in this volume.
2. In this respect, my use of a three-category scheme for understand-ing toleration tracks the explanation of Rainer Forst, "Tolerance as a Virtueof Justice," Philosophical Explorations 3 (2001), 193-94.
3. See Nomi Maya Stolzenberg, "The Return of the Repressed: IlliberalGroups in a Liberal State," Journal of Contemporary Legal Issues 12 (2002), 897-98
4. Perhaps the most conspicuous proponent in recent academic writinghas been Stanley Fish. See, e.g., Stanley Fish, "Mission Impossible: Settling the Just Bounds between Church and State," 97 Columbia Law Review 2255 (1997)
5. and Stanley Fish, "Why We Can't All Just Get Along," First Things 18 (Feb. 1996).
6. For more detailed consideration of the point, see Steven D. Smith, Getting Over Equality (New York: New York University Press, 2001), 144-47.
7. James Gordley, "Morality and the Protectionof Dissent," Ave Maria Law Review 1 (2003), 127, 140.
8. See Alan Wolfe, The Transformation of American Religion (New York: Free Press, 2003), 67-95.
9. See Martin Gardner, "Introduction," G. K. Chesterton, The Ball and theCross (New York: Dover Publications, 1995), vi-vii.
10. GeorgeP. Fletcher, "The Instability of Tolerance,"
11. David Heyd, ed., Toleration: AnElusive Virtue (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1996), 158.
12. See generally Early Modern Skepticism and the Origins of Toleration, Alan Levine, ed. (Lanham, Md.: Lexington Books, 1999).
13. For an elaboration of the point, see Steven D. Smith, "Skepticism, Tolerance, and Truth in the Theory of Free Expression," Southern CaliforniaLaw Review 60 (1987), 685-89.
14. Cf. Jonathan Harrison, "Utilitarianism and Toleration," 62 Philosophy (1987), 425 (presenting as rationale for toleration the claim that "[p]reventing wrong is always expensive, involving paying policemen anddetectives and lawyers and prison wardens, and the money may be betterspent").
15. Brad S. Gregory, Salvation at Stake: Christian Martyrdom in EarlyModern Europe (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1999), 85-86.
16. Cf. Jeremy Waldron, "Locke: Toleration and the Rationality ofPersecution,"
17. John Locke: A Letter Concerning Toleration in Focus 120, JohnHorton and Susan Mendus eds. (New York: Routledge, 1991):
18. See also Steven H. Resnicoff, "Professional Ethicsand Autonomy," Law and Religion 329, 334, Richard O'Dair and AndrewLewis, eds. (New York: Oxford University Press, 2001)
19. Michael Walzer, On Toleration (New Haven, Conn.: Yale UniversityPress, 1997), 52.
20. Thomas Paine, "The Rights of Man," Reflections on the Revolution inFrance and The Rights of Man (Garden City, N.Y.: Anchor Press/Doubleday, 1973), 267, 324 (emphasis in original).
21. See John T. Noonan, Jr., The Luster of Our Country: The AmericanExperience of Religious Freedom (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1998), 69-70.
22. Cf. John Rawls, Political Liberalism (New York: Columbia UniversityPress, 1996), 31 ("[Citizens] may regard it as simply unthinkable to viewthemselves apart from certain religious, philosophical, and moral convictions").
23. See Kent Greenawalt, "Viewpoints from Olympus," Columbia LawReview 96 (1996), 698.
24. For my own attempts to show the errors of ultraliberalism, see, e.g., Steven D. Smith, "Barnette's Big Blunder," Chicago-Kent Law Review 78 (2003), 625;
25. Steven D. Smith, "Believing Persons, Personal Believings: The Neglected Center of the First Amendment," University of Illinois LawReview (2002), 1233;
26. and Steven D. Smith, "The Restoration of Tolerance," 78 California Law Review (1990), 305.
27. Cf. Larry Alexander, "Illiberalism All the Way Down: IlliberalGroups and Two Conceptions of Liberalism," Journal of Contemporary LegalIssues 12 (2002), 625, 626
28. Andrew Koppelman, "Secular Purpose," VirginiaLaw Review 88 (2002), 87, 108.
29. Kent Greenawalt, "Five Questions about ReligionJudges Are Afraid to Ask," Obligations of Citizenship and Demands of Faith, Nancy L. Rosenblum, ed. (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 2000), 196, 197.
30. See also Douglas Laycock, "Equal Access and Momentsof Silence: The Equal Status of Religious Speech by Private Speakers," Northwestern University Law Review 81 (1986), 1, 7.
31. Cf. Ronald Dworkin, Law's Empire (Cambridge, Mass: BelknapPress, 1986), 172 (arguing that "the community can adopt and expressand be faithful or unfaithful to principles of its own, distinct from thoseof any of its officials or citizens as individuals").
32. Cf. Michael J. Perry, "Morality," Politics and Law (New York: OxfordUniversity Press, 1988), 181-82
33. John Tomasi, Liberalism Beyond Justice (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 2001), 11, 14.
34. Ronald Beiner, Philosophy in a Time of Lost Spirit (Toronto: Universityof Toronto Press, 1997), 55.
35. See Martin Marty, The Public Church (New York: Crossroad, 1981), 134-35
36. James Davison Hunter, Culture Wars (New York: Basic Books, 1991).
37. Daniel A. Farber, "Missing the 'Play of Intelligence,' " William andMary Law Review 36 (1994), 147, 157.
38. For a collection of similar judgmentsby scholars from all points of the political and jurisprudential spectrum, see Steven D. Smith, The Constitution and the Pride of Reason (NewYork: Oxford University Press, 1998), 125-26.
39. Robert F. Nagel, Judicial Power and American Character (New York: Oxford University Press, 1994), 126, 128, 129.
40. Samuel P. Huntington, The Clash of Civilizations (New York: Touchstone, 1997), 41.
41. See, e.g., John Courtney Murray, S.J., We Hold These Truths (NewYork: Sheed and Ward, 1960).
42. Cf. Alan Levine, "Introduction: The Prehistory of Toleration andVarieties of Skepticism," Early Modern Skepticism (Lanham, Md.: LexingtonBooks, 1999), 4:
43. See generally Ronald Dworkin, Sovereign Virtue (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2000).
44. George Fletcher, "In God's Image: The Religious Imperative ofEquality Under Law," Columbia Law Review 99 (1999), 1612-13 (citationsomitted).
45. George P. Fletcher, Secret Constitution (New York: Oxford UniversityPress, 2001), 95.
46. See also Louis Pojman, "On Equal Human Worth: A Critique ofContemporary Egalitarianism," in Equality: Selected Readings, Louis P. Pojmanand Robert Westmoreland, eds. (New York: Oxford University Press, 1997), 295
47. For a careful argument in the same vein focusing noton equality per se but on the equally fundamental idea of human rights, see Michael J. Perry, The Idea of Human Rights: Four Inquiries (New York: Oxford University Press, 1998), 11-41.
48. Patrick McKinley Brennan, "Arguing for Human Equality," JournalLaw and Religious 18 (2002), 121.
49. "Why Aren't Muslims Like Us?" First Things (June/July 2003), 60-61.