Early maceheads in the southern Levant: A "Chalcolithic" hallmark in Neolithic context

Journal of Field Archaeology

Volumn 35, Issue 2, 2010, Pages 204-216

  Rosenberg, Danny ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF HAIFA   (Israel)

Author keywords

Chalcolithic; Groundstone; Maceheads; Neolithic; Southern Levant

Indexed keywords

EID: 79951867472     PISSN: 00934690     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1179/009346910X12707321520512     Document Type: Review

References (66)

1. Banning, E. B. 2007a. "Wadi Rabah and Related Assemblages in the Southern Levant: Interpreting the Radiocarbon Evidence," Paléorient 33: 77-101.
2. Bar-Adon, P. 1980. The Cave of the Treasure. Jerusalem: Israel Exploration Society.
3. Baumgartel, E. J. 1960. The Cultures of Prehistoric Egypt, II. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
4. Beebe, H. K. 1989. "The Mace Heads from Bâb edh-Dhrâ'," in R. T. Schaub and W. T. Rast, eds., Bab edh-Dhra: Excavations in the Cemetery Directed by Paul W. Lapp (1965-67). Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns, 289-294.
5. Ben-Dor, I. 1936. "Pottery of the Middle and Late Neolithic Periods," Liverpool Annals of Archaeology and Anthropology 23: 77-90.
6. Ben-Shlomo, D., and Y. Garfinkel. 2009. "Sha'ar Hagolan and New Insights on Near Eastern Proto-Historic Urban Concepts," Oxford Journal of Archaeology 28: 189-209.
7. Ben-Tor, A. 1975. Two Burial Caves of the Proto-Urban Period at Azor 1971. Qedem 1. Jerusalem: The Institute of Archaeology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem.
8. Dunand, M. 1973. Fouilles de Biblos V. Paris: Maisonneuve.
9. Epstein, C. 1998. The Chalcolithic Culture of the Golan. Jerusalem: Israel Antiquities Authority.
10. Freikman, M., and Y. Garfinkel. 2009. "The Zoomorphic Figurines from Sha'ar Hagolan: Hunting Magic Practices in the Neolithic Near East," Levant 41: 5-17.
11. Galili, E., V. Evshed, B. Rosen, M. Kislev, E. Simchoni, O. Hershkovitz, and A. Gopher. 2009. "Evidence for a Separate Burial Ground at the Submerged Pottery Neolithic Site of Neve-Yam, Israel," Paléorient 35: 31-46.
12. Garfinkel, Y. 1999. Neolithic and Chalcolithic Pottery of the Southern Levant. Qedem 39. Jerusalem: The Institute of Archaeology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem.
13. Garfinkel, Y. 2009. "The Transition from Neolithic to Chalcolithic in the Southern Levant: The Material Culture Sequence," in J. J. Shea and D. E. Lieberman, eds., Transitions in Prehistory-Essays in Honor of Ofer Bar-Yosef. Oxford: Oxbow Books, 325-333.
14. Garfinkel, Y., and D. Ben-Shlomo. 2007. "Tel Tsaf: The 2004-2006 Excavation Seasons," Israel Exploration Journal 57: 1-33.
15. Garfinkel, Y., and Z. Matskevich. 2002. "Abu Zureiq, a Wadi Rabah Site in the Jezreel Valley: Final Report of the 1962 Excavations," Israel Exploration Journal 52(2): 129-166.
16. Garfinkel, Y., A. Vered, and O. Bar-Yosef. 2006. "The Domestication of Water: The Neolithic Well at Sha'ar Hagolan, Jordan Valley, Israel," Antiquity 80: 686-696.
17. Getzov, N. 2009. "Miscellaneous Finds from the Neolithic and Chalcolithic Periods," in N. Getzov, R. Lieberman-Wander, H. Smithline, and D. Syon, eds., Horbat 'Uza, the 1991 Excavations. Volume 1 The Early Periods. IAA Reports 41. Jerusalem: Israel Antiquities Authority, 98-102.
18. Gilead, I. 1988. "The Chalcolithic Period in the Levant," Journal of World Archaeology 2: 397-443.
19. Gilead, I. 1990. "The Neolithic-Chalcolithic Transition and the Qatifian of the Northern Negev and Sinai," Levant 22: 47-63.
20. Gilead, I. 2007. "The Besorian: A Pre-Ghassulian Cultural Entity," Paléorient 33: 33-49.
21. Gilead, I. 2009. "The Neolithic-Chalcolithic Transition in the Southern Levant: Late Sixth-Fifth Millennium Culture History," in J. J. Shea and D. E. Lieberman, eds., Transitions in Prehistory - Essays in Honor of Ofer Bar-Yosef. Oxford: Oxbow Books, 335-355.
22. Golden, J. 2009. Dawn of the Metal Age: The Origins of Social Complexity in the Southern Levant. London: Equinox.
23. Gopher, A. 1995. "Early Pottery-Bearing Groups in Israel - The Pottery Neolithic Period," in T. E. Levy, ed., The Archaeology of Society in the Holy Land. London: Leicester University Press, 205-225.
24. Gopher, A. in press. Village Communities of the Pottery-Neolithic Period in the Menashe Hills, Israel: Archaeological Investigations at the Nahal Zehora Sites. Monograph Series of the Institute of Archaeology. Tel Aviv: Tel Aviv University.
25. Gopher, A., and N. Blockman. 2004. "Excavations at Lod (Nevé Yaraq) and the Lodian Culture of the Pottery Neolithic Period," 'Atiqot 47: 1-50.
26. Gopher, A., and R. Gophna. 1993. "Cultures of the Eighth and Seventh Millennia BP in the Southern Levant: A Review for the 1990s," Journal of World Prehistory 7: 297-353.
27. Gopher, A., and E. Orrelle. 1995a. The Ground Stone Assemblages of Munhata. Les Cahiers des Missions Archéologiques Françaises en Israël Vol. 7. Paris: Association Paléorient.
28. Gopher, A., and E. Orrelle. 1995b. "New Data on Burials from the Pottery Neolithic Period (Sixth-Fifth Millennium B.C.) in Israel," in S. Campbell and A. Green, eds., The Archaeology of Death in the Ancient Near East. Oxbow Monographs 51. Exeter: The Short Run Press, 24-28.
29. Gopher, A., and E. Orrelle. 1996. "An Alternative Interpretation for the Material Imagery of the Yarmukian, a Neolithic Culture of the Sixth Millennium B.C. in the Southern Levant," Cambridge Archaeological Journal 6: 255-279.
30. Gopher, A., and T. Tsuk. 1996. "The Chalcolithic Assemblage," in A. Gopher, ed., The Nahal Qanah Cave - Earliest Gold in the Southern Levant. Monograph Series of the Institute of Archaeology 12. Tel Aviv: Tel Aviv University, 91-138.
31. Goring-Morris, N., E. Hovers, and A. Belfer-Cohen. 2009. "The Dynamics of Pleistocene and Early Holocene Settlement Patterns and Human Adaptations in the Levant: An Overview," in J. J. Shea and D. Lieberman, eds., Transition in Prehistory. Essays in Honor of Ofer Bar-Yosef. Oxford: Oxbow Books, 187-252.
32. Hennesy, J. B. 1967. The Foreign Relations of Palestine during the Early Bronze Age. London: Quaritch, Colt Archaeological Institute Publications.
33. Ilani, S. 2004. "Appendix II: The Chemical Composition of Maceheads, Giv'at Ha-Oranim - A Chalcolithic." Site Salvage Excavation Reports 1: 69.
34. Kafafi, Z., and G. O. Rollefson. 1995. "The 1994 Excavation Season at 'Ayn Ghazāl: Preliminary Report," Annual of the Department of Antiquities 39: 13-29.
35. Kafafi, Z., G. O. Rollefson, and A. H. Simmons. 1990. "The 1989 Season at 'Ain Ghazal Preliminary Report," Annual of the Department of Antiquities of Jordan 34: 11-25.
36. Kaplan, J. 1958. "Excavations at Teluliot Batashi, Nahal Soreq," Eretz Israel 5: 9-24.
37. Kaplan, J. 1960. "The Relation of the Chalcolithic Pottery of Palestine to Halafian Ware," Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 159: 32-36.
38. Kaplan, J. 1969. "Ein El Jarba," Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 194: 2-39.
39. Khalaily, M. 2006. "Lithic Traditions During the Late Pre-Pottery Neolithic B and the Question of the Pre-Pottery Neolithic C in the Southern Levant," unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba (in Hebrew).
40. Levy, T. E. 1995. "Cult, Metallurgy and Rank Societies - Chalcolithic Period (ca. 4500-3500 BCE)," in T. E. Levy, ed., The Archaeology of Society in the Holy Land. London: Leicester University Press, 226-244.
41. Mallon, A. S. J., R. S. J. Koeppel, and R. Neuville. 1934. Teleilāt Ghassūl I. Compte rendu des fouilles de l'Institut Biblique Pontifical 1929-1932. Rome: Institut Biblique Pontifical.
42. Noy-Israeli, T. 1999. Image of Man in Prehistoric Art in the Land of Israel. Jerusalem: Israel Museum (in Hebrew).
43. Orrelle, E. 2008. "Infant Jar Burials - A Ritual Associated with Early Agriculture?" in C. Bacvarov, ed., Babies Reborn Infant/Child Burials in Pre- and Protohistory. Proceedings of the XV World Congress (UISPP, Lisbon 4-9 September 2006). BAR International Series 1832. Oxford: Archaeopress, 71-78.
44. Orrelle, E., and A. Gopher. 2000. "The Pottery Neolithic Period - Questions About Pottery Decoration, Symbolism, and Meaning," in I. Kuijt, ed., Life in Neolithic Farming Societies. New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, 295-308.
45. e millénaire avant l'ère chrétienne. Paris: Association Paléorient.
46. Prausnitz, M. 1970. From Hunter to Farmer and Trader. Jerusalem: Sivan.
47. Qadi, N. 2001. "The Ground Stone Industry," in Z. Kafafi, ed., Jabel Abu Thawwab (Er-Rumman), Central Jordan - The Late Neolithic and Early Bronze Age I Occupation. Bibliotheca Neolithica Asiae Maridionalis et Occidentalis. Monograph of the Institute of Archaeology and Anthropology Vol. 3. Berlin: Ex-Oriente, 155-184.
48. Rollefson, G. O., and Z. Kafafi. 1996. "The 1995 Season at 'Ayn Ghazāl: Preliminary Report," Annual of the Department of Antiquities 40: 11-28.
49. Rollefson, G. O., Z. Kafafi, and A. H. Simmons. 1990. "The Neolithic Village of 'Ain Ghazal, Jordan: Preliminary Report on the 1988 Season," Bulletin of the American School of Oriental Research (Supplement) 27: 95-116.
50. Rosenberg, D. 2004. "The Pestle: Characteristics and Changes of Stone Pounding Implements in the Southern Levant from the Early Epipalaeolithic Through the Pottery Neolithic Period," unpublished M.A. thesis, Tel Aviv University (Hebrew with English summary).
51. Rosenberg, D. 2009. "Flying Stones - The Slingstones of the Wadi Rabah Culture of the Southern Levant," Paléorient 35: 97-110.
52. Rosenberg, D. 2010. "The Stone Assemblage of the Early Pottery Neolithic Occurrence at Beisamoun," in D. Rosenberg, ed., Early Pottery Neolithic Occurrence at Beisamoun, The Hula Valley, Northern Israel. BAR International Series 2095. Oxford: Archaeopress, 77-90.
53. Rosenberg, D. in press 1. "The Stone Assemblage of Hagoshrim - Continuity and Change in the Neolithic of Northern Israel," in N. Getzov, ed., IAA Reports. Jerusalem: Israel Antiquities Authority.
54. Rosenberg, D. in press 2. "The Pottery Neolithic, Chalcolithic and Middle Bronze Age Stone Assemblages of Yesodot," Salvage Excavation Reports.
55. Rosenberg, D., A. Assaf, N. Getzov, and A. Gopher. 2008. "Flaked Stone Discs of the Neolithic and Chalcolithic Periods in the Southern Levant,"Paléorient 34: 137-151.
56. Rosenberg, D., N. Getzov, and A. Assaf. 2010. "New Light on Long-Distance Ties in the Late Neolithic/Early Chalcolithic Near East: The Chlorite Bowls from Hagoshrim, Northern Israel," Current Anthropology 51: 281-293.
57. Rosenberg, D., and E. C. M. van den Brink. 2005. "Qidron - A New Site of the Wadi Rabah Culture in the Southern Shephelah of Israel," Salvage Excavation Reports 2: 93-103.
58. Rowan, Y. M., and J. Golden. 2009. "The Chalcolithic Period of the Southern Levant: A Synthetic Review," Journal of World Prehistory 22: 1-92.
59. Rowan, Y. M., T. E. Levy, D. Alon, and Y. Goren. 2006. "Gilat's Ground Stone Assemblage: Stone Fenestrated Stands, Bowls, Platters and Related Artifacts," in T. E. Levy, ed., Archaeology, Anthropology and Cult. London: Equinox, 575-684.
60. Scheftelowitz, N. 2004. "Stone Artifacts, Giv'at Ha-Oranim - A Chalcolithic Site." Salvage Excavation Reports 1: 59-67.
61. Sebbane, M. 1998. "The Mace-Head in Canaan in the Fifth Millennium and the Beginning of the Fourth Millennium B.C.E.: Typology, Technology, Use and Foreign Relations," unpublished M.A. thesis, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem (in Hebrew).
62. Shalev, S., Y. Goren, T. E. Levy, and P. J. Northover. 1992. "A Chalcolithic Mace Head from the Negev, Israel: Technological Aspects and Cultural Implications," Archaeometry 34: 63-71.
63. Solyman, T. 1968. Die Enstehung und Entwicklung der Götterwaffen in Alten Mesopotamien und ihre Bedeutung. Beirut, Lebanon: H. Abdelnour, R. Habelt, Bonn in Kommission.
64. Tadmor, M., D. Kedem, F. Begemann, A. Hauptmann, E. Pernicka, and S. Schmitt-Strecker. 1995. "The Nahal Mishmar Hoard from the Judean Desert: Technology, Composition and Provenance," 'Atiqot 27: 95-148.
65. Wright, K. 1992. "A Classification System for Ground Stone Tools from the Prehistoric Levant," Paléorient 18: 53-81.
66. Yannai, E. in press. Excavation at Natzur. IAA Reports. Jerusalem: Israel Antiquities Authority.