메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 5, Issue 1, 2011, Pages 81-93

First investigations of an ice core from Eisriesenwelt cave (Austria)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CALCITE; CAVERN; DYNAMIC PROPERTY; ELECTROKINESIS; ESTIMATION METHOD; GLACIER; ICE CORE; ION; KARST; MEASUREMENT METHOD; PALEOENVIRONMENT; PARTICULATE MATTER; RADIOCARBON DATING; RESOLUTION; STABLE ISOTOPE; STRATIGRAPHY; TRITIUM;

EID: 79951865489     PISSN: 19940416     EISSN: 19940424     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.5194/tc-5-81-2011     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (44)

References (55)
  • 1
    • 37549037330 scopus 로고
    • Zum Alter des Höhleneises in der Eisgruben- Eishöhle im Sarstein (Oberösterreich)
    • Achleitner, A.: Zum Alter des Höhleneises in der Eisgruben- Eishöhle im Sarstein (Oberösterreich), Die Höhle, 46, 1-5, 1995.
    • (1995) Die Höhle , vol.46 , pp. 1-5
    • Achleitner, A.1
  • 2
    • 77956388612 scopus 로고
    • The influence of natural and anthropogenous factors on temperature regime and ice formations of Kungur Cave (Russia)
    • Andreichuk, V. and Dorofeev, E.: The influence of natural and anthropogenous factors on temperature regime and ice formations of Kungur Cave (Russia), Theor. Appl. Karstology, 7, 149-153, 1994.
    • (1994) Theor. Appl. Karstology , vol.7 , pp. 149-153
    • Andreichuk, V.1    Dorofeev, E.2
  • 3
    • 79951941227 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • last access: 01.01.2011
    • Austrian Network of Isotopes in Precipitation (ANIP), Umweltbundesamt, http://www.umweltbundesamt.at/umweltinformation/ wasser/isotopen/isotopen, last access: 01.01.2011, 2010.
    • (2010) Austrian Network of Isotopes in Precipitation (ANIP)
  • 4
    • 77956391609 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Eisdickenmessungen in alpinen Höhlen mit Georadar
    • Behm, M. and Hausmann, H.: Eisdickenmessungen in alpinen Höhlen mit Georadar, Die Höhle, 58, 3-11, 2007.
    • (2007) Die Höhle , vol.58 , pp. 3-11
    • Behm, M.1    Hausmann, H.2
  • 5
    • 77956360554 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Decline of cave ice - A case study from the Austrian Alps (Europe) based on 416 years of observation
    • Kerrville, Texas, 19-26 July, 3
    • Behm, M., Dittes, V., Greilinger, R., Hartmann, H., Plan, L., and Sulzbacher, D.: Decline of cave ice - a case study from the Austrian Alps (Europe) based on 416 years of observation, in: Proc. 15th Intern. Congr. Speleol., Kerrville, Texas, 19-26 July, 3, 1413-1416, 2009.
    • (2009) Proc. 15th Intern. Congr. Speleol. , pp. 1413-1416
    • Behm, M.1    Dittes, V.2    Greilinger, R.3    Hartmann, H.4    Plan, L.5    Sulzbacher, D.6
  • 6
    • 50849130046 scopus 로고
    • Mathematisch-physikalische Untersuchung der Eishöhlen und Windröhren
    • edited by: Bock, H., Lahner, G., and Gaunersdorfer, G., Verein für Höhlenkunde in Österreich
    • Bock, H.: Mathematisch-physikalische Untersuchung der Eishöhlen und Windröhren, in: Die Höhlen im Dachstein, edited by: Bock, H., Lahner, G., and Gaunersdorfer, G., Verein für Höhlenkunde in Österreich, 102-144, 1913.
    • (1913) Die Höhlen im Dachstein , pp. 102-144
    • Bock, H.1
  • 8
    • 36149057084 scopus 로고
    • Air bubbles in ice
    • Carte, A. E.: Air bubbles in ice, Proc. Phys. Soc., 77, 757-768, 1961.
    • (1961) Proc. Phys. Soc. , vol.77 , pp. 757-768
    • Carte, A.E.1
  • 11
    • 24944536933 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Temperature reconstructions and comparisons with instrumental data from a tree-ring network for the European Alps
    • DOI 10.1002/joc.1210
    • Frank, D. and Esper, J.: Temperature reconstructions and comparisons with instrumental data from a tree-ring network for the European Alps, Int. J. Climatol., 25, 1437-1454, 2005. (Pubitemid 41398958)
    • (2005) International Journal of Climatology , vol.25 , Issue.11 , pp. 1437-1454
    • Frank, D.1    Esper, J.2
  • 13
    • 0030483289 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oxygen and hydrogen isotopes in the hydrologic cycle
    • Gat, J. R.: Oxygen and hydrogen isotopes in the hydrologic cycle, Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci., 24, 225-262, 1996. (Pubitemid 27109846)
    • (1996) Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences , vol.24 , pp. 225-262
    • Gat, J.R.1
  • 14
    • 0033522810 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A mid-European decadal isotope-climate record from 15,500 to 5000 years B.P.
    • DOI 10.1126/science.284.5420.1654
    • Von Grafenstein, U., Erlenkeuser, H., Brauer, A., Jouzel, J., and Johnsen, S. J.: A mid-European decadal isotope-climate record from 15 000 to 5000 years BP, Science, 284, 1654-1657, 1999. (Pubitemid 29291372)
    • (1999) Science , vol.284 , Issue.5420 , pp. 1654-1657
    • Von Grafenstein, U.1    Erlenkeuser, H.2    Brauer, A.3    Jouzel, J.4    Johnsen, S.J.5
  • 15
    • 11244268536 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characteristics and potential climatic significance of "miniature ice caps" (crest- and cornice-type low-altitude ice archives)
    • Haeberli, W., Frauenfelder, R., Kääb, A., and Wagner, S.: Characteristics and potential significance of "miniature ice caps" (crestand cornice-type low-latitude ice archives), J. Glaciol., 50(168), 129-136, 2004. (Pubitemid 40067996)
    • (2004) Journal of Glaciology , vol.50 , Issue.168 , pp. 129-136
    • Haeberli, W.1    Frauenfelder, R.2    Kaab, A.3    Wagner, S.4
  • 16
    • 77956359126 scopus 로고
    • Die große Eishöhle im Tennengebirge (Salzburg): Eisriesenwelt - V. Eisbildungen und meteorologische Beobachtungen
    • Hauser, E. and Oedl, R.: Die große Eishöhle im Tennengebirge (Salzburg): Eisriesenwelt - V. Eisbildungen und meteorologische Beobachtungen, Speläol. Jb., 4, 17-47, 1922.
    • (1922) Speläol. Jb. , vol.4 , pp. 17-47
    • Hauser, E.1    Oedl, R.2
  • 17
    • 77956364910 scopus 로고
    • Eisbildungen und meteorologische Beobachtungen
    • edited by: Angermayer, E., Asal, A., Czörnig- Czernhausen, W., Hauser, E., Lehmann, O., Oedl, R., Pia, J., and Wettstein-Westersheim, O., Speläol. Monogr., Verlag Speläol. Inst., Wien, Österreich
    • Hauser, E. and Oedl, R.: Eisbildungen und meteorologische Beobachtungen, in: Die Eisriesenwelt im Tennengebirge (Salzburg), 6, edited by: Angermayer, E., Asal, A., Czörnig- Czernhausen, W., Hauser, E., Lehmann, O., Oedl, R., Pia, J., and Wettstein-Westersheim, O., Speläol. Monogr., Verlag Speläol. Inst., Wien, Österreich, 77-105, 1926.
    • (1926) Die Eisriesenwelt im Tennengebirge (Salzburg) , vol.6 , pp. 77-105
    • Hauser, E.1    Oedl, R.2
  • 18
    • 84864501040 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Application of ground penetrating radar (GPR) in Alpine ice caves
    • doi:10.5194/tcd-4-1365-2010
    • Hausmann, H. and Behm, M.: Application of ground penetrating radar (GPR) in Alpine ice caves, The Cryosphere Discuss., 4, 1365-1389, doi:10.5194/tcd-4- 1365-2010, 2010.
    • (2010) The Cryosphere Discuss , vol.4 , pp. 1365-1389
    • Hausmann, H.1    Behm, M.2
  • 19
    • 20844437439 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessing the palaeoclimate potential of cave glaciers: The example of the Scarişoara Ice Cave (Romania)
    • DOI 10.1111/j.0435-3676.2005.00252.x, Climate Change and Variability
    • Holmlund, P., Onac, B. P., Hansson, M., Holmgren, K., Mörth, M., Nyman, M., and Perşoiu, A.: Assessing the palaeoclimate potential of cave glaciers: the example of the Scarişoara Ice Cave (Romania), Geografiska Annaler, 87A, 193-201, 2005. (Pubitemid 40865030)
    • (2005) Geografiska Annaler, Series A: Physical Geography , vol.87 , Issue.1 , pp. 193-201
    • Holmlund, P.1    Onac, B.P.2    Hansson, M.3    Holmgren, K.4    Morth, M.5    Nyman, M.6    Persoiu, A.7
  • 20
    • 0026290131 scopus 로고
    • Freezing-rate effects on the physical characteristics of basal ice formed by net adfreezing
    • Hubbard, B.: Freezing-rate effects on the physical characteristics of basal ice formed by net adfreezing, J. Glaciol., 37(127), 339-347, 1991.
    • (1991) J. Glaciol. , vol.37 , Issue.127 , pp. 339-347
    • Hubbard, B.1
  • 21
    • 0020063347 scopus 로고
    • Melting-refreezing at the glacier sole and the isotopic composition of the ice
    • Jouzel, J. and Souchez, R. A.: Melting-refreezing at the glacier sole and the isotopic composition of the ice, J. Glaciol., 28(98), 35-42, 1982.
    • (1982) J. Glaciol. , vol.28 , Issue.98 , pp. 35-42
    • Jouzel, J.1    Souchez, R.A.2
  • 22
    • 70349462633 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Highresolution well-preserved tritium record in the ice of Bortig Ice Cave Bihor Mountains
    • Kern, Z., Molńar, M., Svingor, ́ E., Perşoiu, A., and Nagy, B.: Highresolution, well-preserved tritium record in the ice of Bortig Ice Cave, Bihor Mountains, The Holocene, 19, 729-736, 2009.
    • (2009) The Holocene , vol.19 , pp. 729-736
    • Kern, Z.1    Molńar, M.2    Svingoŕ, E.3    Perşoiu, A.4    Nagy, B.5
  • 23
    • 84864514952 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Isotope hydrological studies on the perennial ice deposit of Saarhalle, MammutHöhle, Dachstein Mts, Austria
    • doi:10.5194/tcd-4-1449-2010
    • Kern, Z., F́orizs, I., Molńar, M., Nagy, B., and Pavuza, R.: Isotope hydrological studies on the perennial ice deposit of Saarhalle, MammutHöhle, Dachstein Mts, Austria, The Cryosphere Discuss., 4, 1449-1465, doi:10.5194/tcd-4-1449-2010, 2010.
    • (2010) The Cryosphere Discuss , vol.4 , pp. 1449-1465
    • Kern, Z.1    F́orizs, I.2    Molńar, M.3    Nagy, B.4    Pavuza, R.5
  • 24
    • 0032453611 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Segregation of solutes and gases in experimental freezing of dilute solutions: Implications for natural glacial systems
    • DOI 10.1016/S0016-7037(98)00268-3, PII S0016703798002683
    • Killawee, J. A., Fairchild, I. J., Tison, J.-L., Janssens, L., and Lorrain, R.: Segregation of solutes and gases in experimental freezing of dilute solutions: implications for natural glacial systems, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 62(23-24), 3637-3655, 1998. (Pubitemid 29321897)
    • (1998) Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta , vol.62 , Issue.23-24 , pp. 3637-3655
    • Killawee, J.A.1    Fairchild, I.J.2    Tison, J.-L.3    Janssens, L.4    Lorrain, R.5
  • 26
    • 77956354684 scopus 로고
    • IV. morphologische beobachtungen
    • Lehmann, O.: IV. Morphologische Beobachtungen, Speläol. Jb., 3, 51-121, 1922.
    • (1922) Speläol. Jb. , vol.3 , pp. 51-121
    • Lehmann, O.1
  • 27
    • 0001946017 scopus 로고
    • Equilibrium oxygen- and hydrogen-isotope fractionation between ice and water
    • Lehmann, M. and Siegenthaler, U.: Equilibrium oxygen- and hydrogen-isotope fractionation between ice and water, J. Glaciol., 37(125), 23-26, 1991.
    • (1991) J. Glaciol. , vol.37 , Issue.125 , pp. 23-26
    • Lehmann, M.1    Siegenthaler, U.2
  • 28
    • 78049281919 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Studies on the preparation of small 14C samples with an RGA and 13C-enriched material
    • Liebl, J., Avalos Ortiz, R., Golser, R., Handle, F., Kutschera, W., Steier, P., and Wild, E. M.: Studies on the preparation of small 14C samples with an RGA and 13C-enriched material, Radiocarbon, 52-53, 1394-1404, 2010.
    • (2010) Radiocarbon , vol.52-53 , pp. 1394-1404
    • Liebl, J.1    Avalos Ortiz, R.2    Golser, R.3    Handle, F.4    Kutschera, W.5    Steier, P.6    Wild, E.M.7
  • 30
    • 37549068125 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of techniques for dating of subsurface ice from Monlesi ice cave, Switzerland
    • Luetscher, M., Bolius, D., Schwikoswski, M., Schotterer, U., and Smart, P. L.: Comparison of techniques for dating of subsurface ice from Monlesi ice cave, Switzerland, J. Glaciol., 53, 374-384, 2007.
    • (2007) J. Glaciol. , vol.53 , pp. 374-384
    • Luetscher, M.1    Bolius, D.2    Schwikoswski, M.3    Schotterer, U.4    Smart, P.L.5
  • 31
    • 77956164734 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hinweise zu Höhlenklima und Höhleneis in der Dachstein-MammutHöhle (Oberösterreich)
    • Mais, K. and Pavuza, R.: Hinweise zu Höhlenklima und Höhleneis in der Dachstein-MammutHöhle (Oberösterreich), Die Höhle, 51, 121-125, 2000.
    • (2000) Die Höhle , vol.51 , pp. 121-125
    • Mais, K.1    Pavuza, R.2
  • 33
    • 34548052679 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Persistent influence of the North Atlantic hydrography on central European winter temperature during the last 9000 years
    • DOI 10.1029/2006GL028600
    • Mangini, A., Verdes, P., Spötl, C., Scholz, D., Vollweiler, N., and Kromer, B.: Persistent influence of the North Atlantic hydrography on Central European winter temperature during the last 9000 years, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L02704, doi:10.1029/2006GL028600, 2007. (Pubitemid 47277679)
    • (2007) Geophysical Research Letters , vol.34 , Issue.2
    • Mangini, A.1    Verdes, P.2    Spotl, C.3    Scholz, D.4    Vollweiler, N.5    Kromer, B.6
  • 35
    • 84925066431 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The mass and energy balance of ice within the Eisriesenwelt cave, Austria
    • doi:10.5194/tcd-4-1741-2010
    • Obleitner, F. and Spötl, Ch.: The mass and energy balance of ice within the Eisriesenwelt cave, Austria, The Cryosphere Discuss., 4, 1741-1779, doi:10.5194/tcd-4-1741-2010, 2010.
    • (2010) The Cryosphere Discuss , vol.4 , pp. 1741-1779
    • Obleitner, F.1    Spötl, Ch.2
  • 36
    • 17944375038 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atmospheric science: Extracting a climate signal from 169 glacier records
    • DOI 10.1126/science.1107046
    • Oerlemans, J.: Extracting a climate signal from 169 glacier records, Science, 308, 675-677, 2005. (Pubitemid 40598106)
    • (2005) Science , vol.308 , Issue.5722 , pp. 675-677
    • Oerlemans, J.1
  • 37
    • 0028572094 scopus 로고
    • Glacioclimatological study of perennial ice in the Fuji ice cave, Japan. Part 1: Seasonal variation and mechanism of maintenance
    • Ohata, T., Furukawa, T., and Higuchi, K.: Glacioclimatological study of perennial ice in the Fuji ice cave, Japan. Part 1: Seasonal variation and mechanism of maintenance, Arctic Alpine Res., 26, 227-237, 1994a.
    • (1994) Arctic Alpine Res , vol.26 , pp. 227-237
    • Ohata, T.1    Furukawa, T.2    Higuchi, K.3
  • 38
    • 0028589748 scopus 로고
    • Glacioclimatological study of perennial ice in the Fuji ice cave, Japan. Part 2: Interannual variation and relation to climate
    • Ohata, T., Furukawa, T., and Osada, K.: Glacioclimatological study of perennial ice in the Fuji ice cave, Japan. Part 2: Interannual variation and relation to climate, Arctic Alpine Res., 26, 238-244, 1994b.
    • (1994) Arctic Alpine Res , vol.26 , pp. 238-244
    • Ohata, T.1    Furukawa, T.2    Osada, K.3
  • 39
    • 79951870805 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Updated data on ice development in some Austrian caves
    • Obertrau, Austria, 5- 11 June 2010, Abstract Volume, 28
    • Pavuza, R.: Updated data on ice development in some Austrian caves, 4th Intern. Workshop on Ice Caves, Obertrau, Austria, 5- 11 June 2010, Abstract Volume, 28, 2010.
    • (2010) 4th Intern. Workshop on Ice Caves
    • Pavuza, R.1
  • 40
    • 34250893565 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aktuelle Höhlenklimatische Aspekte der Dachstein-RiesenEishöhle
    • Pavuza, R. and Mais, K.: Aktuelle Höhlenklimatische Aspekte der Dachstein-RiesenEishöhle, Die Höhle, 50, 126-140, 1999.
    • (1999) Die Höhle , vol.50 , pp. 126-140
    • Pavuza, R.1    Mais, K.2
  • 42
    • 79951876564 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multi-proxy climatic and environmental record for the last 1000 years in the western Carpathians, Romania
    • Obertrau, Austria, 5-11 June 2010, Abstract Abstract Volume, 29
    • Perşoiu, A., Onac, B., and Feurdean, A.: Multi-proxy climatic and environmental record for the last 1000 years in the western Carpathians, Romania, 4th Intern.Workshop on Ice Caves, Obertrau, Austria, 5-11 June 2010, Abstract Volume, 29, 2010.
    • (2010) 4th Intern.Workshop on Ice Caves
    • Perşoiu, A.1    Onac, B.2    Feurdean, A.3
  • 43
    • 20844457272 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Monographic study, Editura Carpatica, Cluj-Napoca
    • Racoviţa, G. and Onac, B. P.: Sc¢arişoara glacier cave, in: Monographic study, Editura Carpatica, Cluj-Napoca, 140pp., 2000.
    • (2000) Scarişoara Glacier Cave , pp. 140
    • Racoviţa, G.1    Onac, B.P.2
  • 44
    • 32744475844 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Discussion: Reporting and calibration of post-bomb 14C data
    • 46-3
    • Reimer, P. J., Brown, T. A., and Reimer, R. W.: Discussion: reporting and calibration of post-bomb 14C data, Radiocarbon, 46-3, 1299-1304, 2004.
    • (2004) Radiocarbon , pp. 1299-1304
    • Reimer, P.J.1    Brown, T.A.2    Reimer, R.W.3
  • 45
    • 77956379958 scopus 로고
    • Eishöhlen - Ein meteorologisch-geophysikalisches Phänomen
    • Saar, R.: Eishöhlen - ein meteorologisch-geophysikalisches Phänomen, Geografiska Annaler, 38, 1-63, 1956.
    • (1956) Geografiska Annaler , vol.38 , pp. 1-63
    • Saar, R.1
  • 47
    • 0000357832 scopus 로고
    • 18O relationships in ice formed by subglacial freezing: Paleoclimatic implications
    • 18O relationships in ice formed by subglacial freezing: Paleoclimatic implications, J. Glaciol., 31(109), 369-372, 1985.
    • (1985) J. Glaciol. , vol.31 , Issue.109 , pp. 369-372
    • Souchez, R.A.1    De Groote, J.M.2
  • 48
    • 67649873832 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kryogene Karbonate im Höhleneis der Eisriesenwelt
    • Spötl, C.: Kryogene Karbonate im Höhleneis der Eisriesenwelt, Die Höhle, 59, 26-36, 2008.
    • (2008) Die Höhle , vol.59 , pp. 26-36
    • Spötl, C.1
  • 49
    • 0038035651 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Continuous-flow IRMS analysis of carbonate minerals
    • Spötl, C. and Vennemann, T.: Continuous-flow IRMS analysis of carbonate minerals, Rapid Comm. Mass Spectr., 17, 1004-1006, 2003.
    • (2003) Rapid Comm. Mass Spectr. , vol.17 , pp. 1004-1006
    • Spötl, C.1    Vennemann, T.2
  • 50
    • 33645288840 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Radiocarbon determination of particulate organic carbon in non-temperated, Alpine glacierice
    • Steier, P., Drosg, R., Fedi, M., Kutschera, W., Schock, M., Wagenbach, D., and Wild, E. M.: Radiocarbon determination of particulate organic carbon in non-temperated, Alpine glacier ice, Radiocarbon, 48, 69-82, 2006.
    • (2006) Radiocarbon , vol.48 , pp. 69-82
    • Steier, P.1    Drosg, R.2    Fedi, M.3    Kutschera, W.4    Schock, M.5    Wagenbach, D.6    Wild, E.M.7
  • 51
    • 67349173667 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence of NAO control on subsurface ice accumulation in a 1200 yr old cave-ice sequence, St. Livres ice cave, Switzerland
    • Stoffel, M., Luetscher, M., Bollschweiler, M., and Schlatter, F.: Evidence of NAO control on subsurface ice accumulation in a 1200 yr old cave-ice sequence, St. Livres ice cave, Switzerland, Quat. Res., 72, 16-26, 2009.
    • (2009) Quat. Res. , vol.72 , pp. 16-26
    • Stoffel, M.1    Luetscher, M.2    Bollschweiler, M.3    Schlatter, F.4
  • 53
    • 77955964494 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Eis- und Lufttemperaturmessungen im Schönberg- Höhlensystem (1626/300) und Modellvorstellungenüber den Eiszyklus
    • Wimmer, M.: Eis- und Lufttemperaturmessungen im Schönberg- Höhlensystem (1626/300) und Modellvorstellungenüber den Eiszyklus, Die Höhle, 59, 13-25, 2008.
    • (2008) Die Höhle , vol.59 , pp. 13-25
    • Wimmer, M.1
  • 54
    • 0033408526 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The potential of perennial cave ice in isotope palaeoclimatology
    • Yonge, C. J. and MacDonald,W. D.: The potential of perennial cave ice in isotope palaeoclimatology, Boreas, 28, 357-362, 1999. (Pubitemid 30005441)
    • (1999) Boreas , vol.28 , Issue.3 , pp. 357-362
    • Yonge, C.J.1    MacDonald, W.D.2
  • 55
    • 47249117069 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cryogenic carbonates in cave environments: A review
    • Źak, K., Onac, B. P., Perşoiu, A.: Cryogenic carbonates in cave environments: A review, Quat. Int., 187, 84-96, 2008.
    • (2008) Quat. Int. , vol.187 , pp. 84-96
    • Źak, K.1    Onac, B.P.2    Perşoiu, A.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.