메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 77, Issue 3, 2011, Pages 204-209

Innate resistance to sporicides and potential failure to decontaminate

Author keywords

Clostridium difficile; Disinfection; Endospores; Resistance; Surfaces

Indexed keywords

BIOCIDE; CHLORINE DIOXIDE; ETHYLENE OXIDE; FORMALDEHYDE; GLUTARALDEHYDE; HYDROGEN PEROXIDE; HYPOCHLORITE; METAL; OZONE; PERACETIC ACID; PHTHALALDEHYDE; PLASTIC; POLYVINYLCHLORIDE; SPORICIDAL AGENT; STAINLESS STEEL; TROCLOSENE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

EID: 79951854001     PISSN: 01956701     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2010.06.028     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (55)

References (53)
  • 3
    • 0025179736 scopus 로고
    • Bacterial spores and chemical sporicidal agents
    • Russell A.D. Bacterial spores and chemical sporicidal agents. Clin Microbiol Rev 1990, 3:99-119.
    • (1990) Clin Microbiol Rev , vol.3 , pp. 99-119
    • Russell, A.D.1
  • 4
    • 34047126471 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • I will survive: DNA protection in bacterial spores
    • Setlow P. I will survive: DNA protection in bacterial spores. Trends Microbiol 2007, 15:172-180.
    • (2007) Trends Microbiol , vol.15 , pp. 172-180
    • Setlow, P.1
  • 5
    • 33744733251 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spores of Bacillus subtilis: their resistance to and killing by radiation, heat and chemicals
    • Setlow P. Spores of Bacillus subtilis: their resistance to and killing by radiation, heat and chemicals. J Appl Microbiol 2006, 101:514-525.
    • (2006) J Appl Microbiol , vol.101 , pp. 514-525
    • Setlow, P.1
  • 6
    • 0023944515 scopus 로고
    • Acquisition of Clostridium difficile from the hospital environment
    • Kaatz G.W., Gitlin S.D., Schaberg D.R., et al. Acquisition of Clostridium difficile from the hospital environment. Am J Epidemiol 1988, 127:1289-1294.
    • (1988) Am J Epidemiol , vol.127 , pp. 1289-1294
    • Kaatz, G.W.1    Gitlin, S.D.2    Schaberg, D.R.3
  • 7
    • 71549164077 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Historical and changing epidemiology of healthcare-associated infections
    • Pearson A. Historical and changing epidemiology of healthcare-associated infections. J Hosp Infect 2009, 73:296-304.
    • (2009) J Hosp Infect , vol.73 , pp. 296-304
    • Pearson, A.1
  • 8
    • 42449133334 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Infection control measures to limit the spread of Clostridium difficile
    • Vonberg R.-P., Kuijper E.J., Wilcox M.H., et al. Infection control measures to limit the spread of Clostridium difficile. Clin Microbiol Infect 2008, 14:2-20.
    • (2008) Clin Microbiol Infect , vol.14 , pp. 2-20
    • Vonberg, R.-P.1    Kuijper, E.J.2    Wilcox, M.H.3
  • 9
    • 0032977409 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ortho-Phthalaldehyde: a possible alternative to glutaraldehyde for high-level disinfection
    • Walsh S.E., Maillard J.-Y., Russell A.D. ortho-Phthalaldehyde: a possible alternative to glutaraldehyde for high-level disinfection. J Appl Microbiol 1999, 86:1039-1046.
    • (1999) J Appl Microbiol , vol.86 , pp. 1039-1046
    • Walsh, S.E.1    Maillard, J.-Y.2    Russell, A.D.3
  • 10
    • 0036233257 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Studies on the mechanisms of the sporicidal action of ortho-phthalaldehyde
    • Cabrera-Martinez R.-M., Setlow B., Setlow P. Studies on the mechanisms of the sporicidal action of ortho-phthalaldehyde. J Appl Microbiol 2002, 92:675-680.
    • (2002) J Appl Microbiol , vol.92 , pp. 675-680
    • Cabrera-Martinez, R.-M.1    Setlow, B.2    Setlow, P.3
  • 11
    • 28644452600 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Usage of antimicrobial biocides and products in the healthcare environment: efficacy, policies, management and perceived problems
    • Maillard J.-Y. Usage of antimicrobial biocides and products in the healthcare environment: efficacy, policies, management and perceived problems. Ther Clin Risk Manag 2005, 1:340-370.
    • (2005) Ther Clin Risk Manag , vol.1 , pp. 340-370
    • Maillard, J.-Y.1
  • 12
    • 29444460390 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microcyn: a novel super-oxidized water with neutral pH and disinfectant activity
    • Landa-Solis C., Gonzalez-Espinosa D., Guzman-Soriano B., et al. Microcyn: a novel super-oxidized water with neutral pH and disinfectant activity. J Hosp Infect 2005, 61:291-299.
    • (2005) J Hosp Infect , vol.61 , pp. 291-299
    • Landa-Solis, C.1    Gonzalez-Espinosa, D.2    Guzman-Soriano, B.3
  • 13
    • 33750014183 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A preliminary assessment of Bacillus anthracis spore inactivation using an electrochemically activated solution (ECASOL)
    • Rogers J.V., Ducatte G.R., Choi Y.W., Early P.C. A preliminary assessment of Bacillus anthracis spore inactivation using an electrochemically activated solution (ECASOL). Lett Appl Microbiol 2006, 43:482-488.
    • (2006) Lett Appl Microbiol , vol.43 , pp. 482-488
    • Rogers, J.V.1    Ducatte, G.R.2    Choi, Y.W.3    Early, P.C.4
  • 14
    • 0032966329 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ® 2500 against Clostridium difficile spores, Helicobacter pylori, vancomycin resistant Enterococcus species, Candida albicans and several Mycobacterium species
    • ® 2500 against Clostridium difficile spores, Helicobacter pylori, vancomycin resistant Enterococcus species, Candida albicans and several Mycobacterium species. J Hosp Infect 1999, 41:101-105.
    • (1999) J Hosp Infect , vol.41 , pp. 101-105
    • Shetty, N.1    Srinivasan, S.2    Holton, J.3    Ridgway, G.L.4
  • 15
    • 0029892183 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sporicidal acivity of sodium dichloroisocyanurate, peroxygen and glutaraldehyde disinfectants against Bacillus subtilis
    • Coates D. Sporicidal acivity of sodium dichloroisocyanurate, peroxygen and glutaraldehyde disinfectants against Bacillus subtilis. J Hosp Infect 1996, 32:283-294.
    • (1996) J Hosp Infect , vol.32 , pp. 283-294
    • Coates, D.1
  • 16
    • 25844470355 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Decontamination assessment of Bacillus anthracis, Bacillus subtilis, and Geobacillus stearothermophilus spores on indoor surfaces using a hydrogen peroxide gas generator
    • Rogers J.V., Sabourin C.L., Choi Y.W., et al. Decontamination assessment of Bacillus anthracis, Bacillus subtilis, and Geobacillus stearothermophilus spores on indoor surfaces using a hydrogen peroxide gas generator. J Appl Microbiol 2005, 99:739-748.
    • (2005) J Appl Microbiol , vol.99 , pp. 739-748
    • Rogers, J.V.1    Sabourin, C.L.2    Choi, Y.W.3
  • 17
    • 2942598188 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ® and sodium dichloroisocyanurate (NaDCC) against spores of Clostridium difficile and Bacillus atrophaeus on stainless steel and polyvinyl chloride surfaces
    • ® and sodium dichloroisocyanurate (NaDCC) against spores of Clostridium difficile and Bacillus atrophaeus on stainless steel and polyvinyl chloride surfaces. J Hosp Infect 2004, 57:144-148.
    • (2004) J Hosp Infect , vol.57 , pp. 144-148
    • Block, C.1
  • 18
    • 23044492188 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activity of selected oxidizing microbicides against the spores of Clostridium difficile: relevance to environmental control
    • Perez J., Springthorpe V.S., Sattar S.A. Activity of selected oxidizing microbicides against the spores of Clostridium difficile: relevance to environmental control. Am J Infect Control 2005, 33:320-325.
    • (2005) Am J Infect Control , vol.33 , pp. 320-325
    • Perez, J.1    Springthorpe, V.S.2    Sattar, S.A.3
  • 19
    • 34547876108 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of the properties of Bacillus subtilis spores made in liquid or on agar plates
    • Rose R., Setlow B., Monroe A., Mallozzi M., Driks A., Setlow P. Comparison of the properties of Bacillus subtilis spores made in liquid or on agar plates. J Appl Microbiol 2007, 103:691-699.
    • (2007) J Appl Microbiol , vol.103 , pp. 691-699
    • Rose, R.1    Setlow, B.2    Monroe, A.3    Mallozzi, M.4    Driks, A.5    Setlow, P.6
  • 21
    • 0028820499 scopus 로고
    • Development of resistance to biocides during sporulation of Bacillus subtilis
    • Knott A.G., Russell A.D., Dancer B.N. Development of resistance to biocides during sporulation of Bacillus subtilis. J Appl Bacteriol 1995, 79:492-498.
    • (1995) J Appl Bacteriol , vol.79 , pp. 492-498
    • Knott, A.G.1    Russell, A.D.2    Dancer, B.N.3
  • 22
    • 65549103401 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of modification of membrane lipid composition on Bacillus subtilis sporulation and spore properties
    • Griffiths K.K., Setlow P. Effects of modification of membrane lipid composition on Bacillus subtilis sporulation and spore properties. J Appl Microbiol 2009, 106:2064-2078.
    • (2009) J Appl Microbiol , vol.106 , pp. 2064-2078
    • Griffiths, K.K.1    Setlow, P.2
  • 23
    • 33748681343 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How long do nosocomial pathogens persist on inanimate surfaces?
    • Kramer A., Schwebke I., Kampf G. How long do nosocomial pathogens persist on inanimate surfaces?. BMC Infect Dis 2006, 6:130-137.
    • (2006) BMC Infect Dis , vol.6 , pp. 130-137
    • Kramer, A.1    Schwebke, I.2    Kampf, G.3
  • 24
    • 0035174416 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prospective evaluation of environmental contamination by Clostridium difficile in isolation side rooms
    • Verity P., Wilcox M.H., Fawley W., Parnell P. Prospective evaluation of environmental contamination by Clostridium difficile in isolation side rooms. J Hosp Infect 2001, 49:204-209.
    • (2001) J Hosp Infect , vol.49 , pp. 204-209
    • Verity, P.1    Wilcox, M.H.2    Fawley, W.3    Parnell, P.4
  • 25
    • 0030723030 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Uses of inorganic hypochlorite (bleach) in health-care facilities
    • Rutala W.A., Weber D.J. Uses of inorganic hypochlorite (bleach) in health-care facilities. Clin Microbiol Rev 1997, 10:597-610.
    • (1997) Clin Microbiol Rev , vol.10 , pp. 597-610
    • Rutala, W.A.1    Weber, D.J.2
  • 26
    • 0041519141 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of the effect of detergent versus hypochlorite cleaning on environmental contamination and incidence of Clostridium difficile infection
    • Wilcox M.H., Fawley W.N., Wigglesworth N., Parnell P., Verity P., Freeman J. Comparison of the effect of detergent versus hypochlorite cleaning on environmental contamination and incidence of Clostridium difficile infection. J Hosp Infect 2003, 54:109-114.
    • (2003) J Hosp Infect , vol.54 , pp. 109-114
    • Wilcox, M.H.1    Fawley, W.N.2    Wigglesworth, N.3    Parnell, P.4    Verity, P.5    Freeman, J.6
  • 27
    • 0034947292 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular epidemiology of endemic Clostridium difficile in isolation side-rooms
    • Fawley W.N., Wilcox M.H. Molecular epidemiology of endemic Clostridium difficile in isolation side-rooms. J Hosp Infect 2001, 126:343-350.
    • (2001) J Hosp Infect , vol.126 , pp. 343-350
    • Fawley, W.N.1    Wilcox, M.H.2
  • 28
    • 0034452451 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Environmental control to reduce transmission of Clostridium difficile
    • Mayfield J.L., Lee T., Miller J., et al. Environmental control to reduce transmission of Clostridium difficile. Clin Infect Dis 2000, 31:995-1000.
    • (2000) Clin Infect Dis , vol.31 , pp. 995-1000
    • Mayfield, J.L.1    Lee, T.2    Miller, J.3
  • 30
    • 34250352365 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative sporicidal effects of disinfectants after release of a biological agent
    • Kenar L., Ortatatli M., Yaren H., Karayilanoglu T., Aydogan H. Comparative sporicidal effects of disinfectants after release of a biological agent. Mil Med 2007, 172:616-621.
    • (2007) Mil Med , vol.172 , pp. 616-621
    • Kenar, L.1    Ortatatli, M.2    Yaren, H.3    Karayilanoglu, T.4    Aydogan, H.5
  • 31
    • 33751333068 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Experimental evaluation of an automated endoscope reprocessor with in situ generation of peracetic acid for disinfection of semicritical devices
    • Sattar S.A., Kibbee R.J., Tetro J.A., Rook T.A. Experimental evaluation of an automated endoscope reprocessor with in situ generation of peracetic acid for disinfection of semicritical devices. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2006, 27:1193-1199.
    • (2006) Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol , vol.27 , pp. 1193-1199
    • Sattar, S.A.1    Kibbee, R.J.2    Tetro, J.A.3    Rook, T.A.4
  • 32
    • 0022620159 scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of routine fiberoptic endoscope cleaning and disinfection for killing Clostridium difficile
    • Hughes C.E., Gebhard R.L., Peterson L.R., et al. Efficacy of routine fiberoptic endoscope cleaning and disinfection for killing Clostridium difficile. Gastrointest Endosc 1986, 32:765-768.
    • (1986) Gastrointest Endosc , vol.32 , pp. 765-768
    • Hughes, C.E.1    Gebhard, R.L.2    Peterson, L.R.3
  • 33
    • 33744543399 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The risk of disease transmission associated with inadequate disinfection of gastrointestinal endoscopes
    • Muscarella L.F. The risk of disease transmission associated with inadequate disinfection of gastrointestinal endoscopes. J Hosp Infect 2006, 63:345-347.
    • (2006) J Hosp Infect , vol.63 , pp. 345-347
    • Muscarella, L.F.1
  • 34
    • 0030956701 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glutaraldehyde-resistant Mycobacterium chelonae from endoscope washer disinfectors
    • Griffiths P.A., Babb J.R., Bradley C.R., Fraise A.P. Glutaraldehyde-resistant Mycobacterium chelonae from endoscope washer disinfectors. J Appl Microbiol 1997, 82:519-526.
    • (1997) J Appl Microbiol , vol.82 , pp. 519-526
    • Griffiths, P.A.1    Babb, J.R.2    Bradley, C.R.3    Fraise, A.P.4
  • 35
    • 67650079044 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epidemic of postsurgical infections caused by Mycobacterium massiliense
    • Duarte R.S., Lourenco M.C.S., Fonseca L.D., et al. Epidemic of postsurgical infections caused by Mycobacterium massiliense. J Clin Microbiol 2009, 47:2149-2155.
    • (2009) J Clin Microbiol , vol.47 , pp. 2149-2155
    • Duarte, R.S.1    Lourenco, M.C.S.2    Fonseca, L.D.3
  • 36
    • 47749112787 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Resistance and cross-resistance to oxidising agents of bacterial isolates from endoscope washer disinfectors
    • Martin D.J.H., Denyer S.P., McDonnell G., Maillard J.-Y. Resistance and cross-resistance to oxidising agents of bacterial isolates from endoscope washer disinfectors. J Hosp Infect 2008, 69:377-383.
    • (2008) J Hosp Infect , vol.69 , pp. 377-383
    • Martin, D.J.H.1    Denyer, S.P.2    McDonnell, G.3    Maillard, J.-Y.4
  • 37
    • 34347368903 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of hospital cleaning agents and germicides against epidemic Clostridium difficile strains
    • Fawley W.N., Underwood S., Freeman J., et al. Efficacy of hospital cleaning agents and germicides against epidemic Clostridium difficile strains. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2007, 28:920-925.
    • (2007) Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol , vol.28 , pp. 920-925
    • Fawley, W.N.1    Underwood, S.2    Freeman, J.3
  • 38
    • 0029818791 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cleaning up Clostridium difficile infection
    • Wilcox M.H. Cleaning up Clostridium difficile infection. Lancet 1996, 348:767-768.
    • (1996) Lancet , vol.348 , pp. 767-768
    • Wilcox, M.H.1
  • 39
    • 79951854044 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Disinfection against spores of Bacillus anthracis
    • Jones M.N., Turnbull P.C.B. Disinfection against spores of Bacillus anthracis. Salisbury Med Bull 1996, 87:74-78.
    • (1996) Salisbury Med Bull , vol.87 , pp. 74-78
    • Jones, M.N.1    Turnbull, P.C.B.2
  • 40
    • 0029907775 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative sporicidal effect of liquid chemical germicides on three medical devices contaminated with spores of Bacillus subtilis
    • Sagripanti J.L., Bonifacino A. Comparative sporicidal effect of liquid chemical germicides on three medical devices contaminated with spores of Bacillus subtilis. Am J Infect Control 1996, 24:364-371.
    • (1996) Am J Infect Control , vol.24 , pp. 364-371
    • Sagripanti, J.L.1    Bonifacino, A.2
  • 41
    • 84855616957 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative study of the sensitivity to aldehyde disinfectants of Bacillus anthracis spores and other Bacillus species
    • Vidal D., Desor F., Richard M. Comparative study of the sensitivity to aldehyde disinfectants of Bacillus anthracis spores and other Bacillus species. Travaux Scientifiques des Chercheurs du Service Santé des Armées 1996, 17:45-46.
    • (1996) Travaux Scientifiques des Chercheurs du Service Santé des Armées , vol.17 , pp. 45-46
    • Vidal, D.1    Desor, F.2    Richard, M.3
  • 42
    • 34848814999 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Formaldehyde gas inactivation of Bacillus anthracis, Bacillus subtilis, and Geobacillus stearothermophilus spores on indoor surface materials
    • Rogers J.V., Choi Y.W., Richter W.R., et al. Formaldehyde gas inactivation of Bacillus anthracis, Bacillus subtilis, and Geobacillus stearothermophilus spores on indoor surface materials. J Appl Microbiol 2007, 103:1104-1112.
    • (2007) J Appl Microbiol , vol.103 , pp. 1104-1112
    • Rogers, J.V.1    Choi, Y.W.2    Richter, W.R.3
  • 43
    • 0014072778 scopus 로고
    • Biocidal activities of glutaraldehyde and related compounds
    • Rubbo S.D., Gardner J.F., Webb R.L. Biocidal activities of glutaraldehyde and related compounds. J Appl Bacteriol 1967, 30:78-87.
    • (1967) J Appl Bacteriol , vol.30 , pp. 78-87
    • Rubbo, S.D.1    Gardner, J.F.2    Webb, R.L.3
  • 44
    • 0142184121 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activity of three disinfectants and acidified nitrite against Clostridium difficile spores
    • Wullt M., Odenholt I., Walder M. Activity of three disinfectants and acidified nitrite against Clostridium difficile spores. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2003, 24:765-768.
    • (2003) Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol , vol.24 , pp. 765-768
    • Wullt, M.1    Odenholt, I.2    Walder, M.3
  • 45
    • 38949138574 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification by quantitative carrier test of surrogate spore-forming bacteria to assess sporicidal chemicals for use against Bacillus anthracis
    • Majcher M.R., Bernard K.A., Sattar S.A. Identification by quantitative carrier test of surrogate spore-forming bacteria to assess sporicidal chemicals for use against Bacillus anthracis. Appl Environ Microbiol 2008, 74:676-681.
    • (2008) Appl Environ Microbiol , vol.74 , pp. 676-681
    • Majcher, M.R.1    Bernard, K.A.2    Sattar, S.A.3
  • 46
    • 33750626250 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New peroxide-based flexible endoscope-compatible high-level disinfectant
    • Omidbakhsh N.A. New peroxide-based flexible endoscope-compatible high-level disinfectant. Am J Infect Control 2006, 34:571-577.
    • (2006) Am J Infect Control , vol.34 , pp. 571-577
    • Omidbakhsh, N.A.1
  • 47
    • 0034936165 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An evaluation of the use of chlorine dioxide (Tristel One-Shot) in an automated washer/disinfector (Medivator) fitted with a chlorine dioxide generator for decontamination of flexible endoscopes
    • Coates D. An evaluation of the use of chlorine dioxide (Tristel One-Shot) in an automated washer/disinfector (Medivator) fitted with a chlorine dioxide generator for decontamination of flexible endoscopes. J Hosp Infect 2001, 48:55-65.
    • (2001) J Hosp Infect , vol.48 , pp. 55-65
    • Coates, D.1
  • 48
    • 4043052972 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lethality of chlorine, chlorine dioxide, and a commercial fruit and vegetable sanitizer to vegetative cells and spores of Bacillus cereus and spores of Bacillus thuringiensis
    • Beuchat L.R., Pettigrew C.A., Tremblay M.E., Roselle B.J., Scouten A.J. Lethality of chlorine, chlorine dioxide, and a commercial fruit and vegetable sanitizer to vegetative cells and spores of Bacillus cereus and spores of Bacillus thuringiensis. J Food Prot 2004, 67:1702-1708.
    • (2004) J Food Prot , vol.67 , pp. 1702-1708
    • Beuchat, L.R.1    Pettigrew, C.A.2    Tremblay, M.E.3    Roselle, B.J.4    Scouten, A.J.5
  • 49
    • 0014757669 scopus 로고
    • The sporicidal properties of chemical disinfectants
    • Sykes G. The sporicidal properties of chemical disinfectants. J Appl Bacteriol 1990, 33:147-156.
    • (1990) J Appl Bacteriol , vol.33 , pp. 147-156
    • Sykes, G.1
  • 50
    • 38149073325 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Application of gaseous ozone to control populations of Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus and Bacillus cereus spores in dried figs
    • Akbas M.Y., Ozdemir M. Application of gaseous ozone to control populations of Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus and Bacillus cereus spores in dried figs. Food Microbiol 2008, 25:386-391.
    • (2008) Food Microbiol , vol.25 , pp. 386-391
    • Akbas, M.Y.1    Ozdemir, M.2
  • 51
    • 0015813673 scopus 로고
    • Sensitivity of three selected bacterial species to ozone
    • Broadwater W.T., Hoehn R.C., King P.H. Sensitivity of three selected bacterial species to ozone. Appl Microbiol 1973, 26:391-393.
    • (1973) Appl Microbiol , vol.26 , pp. 391-393
    • Broadwater, W.T.1    Hoehn, R.C.2    King, P.H.3
  • 52
    • 0025014713 scopus 로고
    • Vapor-phase hydrogen peroxide as a surface decontaminant and sterilant
    • Klapes N.A., Vesley D. Vapor-phase hydrogen peroxide as a surface decontaminant and sterilant. Appl Environ Microbiol 1990, 56:503-506.
    • (1990) Appl Environ Microbiol , vol.56 , pp. 503-506
    • Klapes, N.A.1    Vesley, D.2
  • 53
    • 0014355202 scopus 로고
    • Sporicidal effect of peracetic acid vapor
    • Portner D.M., Hoffman R.K. Sporicidal effect of peracetic acid vapor. Appl Microbiol 1968, 16:1782-1785.
    • (1968) Appl Microbiol , vol.16 , pp. 1782-1785
    • Portner, D.M.1    Hoffman, R.K.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.