210Po in Nevada Groundwater and Its Relation to Gross Alpha Radioactivity

Ground Water

Volumn 49, Issue 2, 2011, Pages 160-171

  Seiler, Ralph L ^a  

^a U S GEOLOGICAL SURVEY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ALPHA EMITTERS; CANCER RISK; DRINKING WATER STANDARDS; FLORIDA; GROSS ALPHA; HUMAN HEALTH; LEAD 210; LOW DISSOLVED OXYGEN; MAXIMUM CONTAMINANT LEVELS; POLONIUM-210; RADON-222;

ALPHA PARTICLES; ANOXIC SEDIMENTS; AQUIFERS; DISSOLVED OXYGEN; HEALTH RISKS; LANDFORMS; LEAD; POTABLE WATER; RADIATION; RADIOACTIVITY; STANDARDS; URANIUM; WATER SUPPLY; WELLS;

GROUNDWATER RESOURCES;

CANCER; DISSOLVED OXYGEN; DRINKING WATER; GROUNDWATER; HEALTH RISK; HUMAN ACTIVITY; PH; POLONIUM ISOTOPE; RADIOACTIVITY; RADIONUCLIDE; RADON ISOTOPE; TOXIC MATERIAL; URANIUM; WATER SUPPLY; WELL WATER;

CHURCHILL COUNTY; LAHONTAN BASIN; NEVADA; UNITED STATES;

POLONIUM;

ALPHA RADIATION; ARTICLE; RADIATION MONITORING; UNITED STATES; WATER POLLUTANT; WATER SUPPLY;

ALPHA PARTICLES; NEVADA; POLONIUM; RADIATION MONITORING; UNITED STATES; WATER POLLUTANTS, RADIOACTIVE; WATER SUPPLY;

EID: 79951846244     PISSN: 0017467X     EISSN: 17456584     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2010.00688.x     Document Type: Article

References (41)

1. 210Pb decay to the gross alpha-particle activity of water samples. Health Physics 94, no. 3: 310-316.
2. 226Ra and progeny to the gross alpha-particle activity of water samples. Health Physics 94, no. 5: 459-470.
3. 226Ra and its progeny. Health Physics 92, no. 2: 148-156.
4. Arndt, M., and L. West 2004. A Study of the Factors Affecting the Gross Alpha Measurement and a Radiochemical Analysis of some Groundwater Samples from the State of Exhibiting an Elevated Gross Alpha Activity. Final report submitted to Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, WDNR Project #176, 57:9. (accessed August 20, 2008).
5. 210Po in seasonally anoxic Lake Sammamish, Washington, USA. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 59, no. 23: 4845-4861.
6. Bradl, H.B. 2004. Adsorption of heavy metal ions on soils and solids constituents. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 277: 1-18.
7. Burnett, W.C., J.B. Cowart, K. Harada, and P.A. Chin 1987. Polonium in the Surficial Aquifer of Southwest Florida. Final Report FDER Contract WM147, 105.
8. Figgins, P.E. 1961. The Radiochemistry of Polonium. National Academy of Sciences Nuclear Science series 3037, 69. (accessed February 2, 2010).
9. Focazio, M.J., Z. Szabo, T.F. Kraemer, A.H. Mullin, T.H. Brrringer, and V.T. dePaul 2001. Occurrence of Selected Radionuclides in Groundwater Used for Drinking Water in the United States-A Reconnaissance Survey. 1998. U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 00-4273, 40. Reston, Virginia: USGS.
10. Glancy, P.A. 1986. Geohydrology of the Basalt and Unconsolidated Sedimentary Aquifers in the Fallon area, Churchill County, Nevada. U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 2263, 62. Reston, Virginia: USGS.
11. Harada, K., W.C. Burnett, P.A. LaRock, and J.B. Cowart 1989. Polonium in Florida groundwater and its possible relationship to the sulfur cycle and bacteria. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 53: 143-150.
12. Harrison, J., R. Legget, D. Lloyd, A. Phipps, and B. Scott 2007. Polonium-210 as a poison. Journal of Radiological Protection 27: 17-40.
13. Health Canada. 2007. Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water Quality Summary Table. (accessed March 6, 2009).
14. Hess, C.T., J. Michel, T.R. Horton, H.M. Prichard, and W.A. Coniglio 1985. The occurrence of radioactivity in public water supplies in the United States. Health Physics 48: 553-586.
15. Hussain, N., T.G. Ferdelman, T.M. Church, and G.W. Luther III. 1995. Bio-volatilization of polonium-Results from laboratory analyses. Aquatic Geochemistry 1: 175-188.
16. International Committee for Research on Cancer. 1988. IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, Volume 43-Man-made Mineral Fibres and Radon. (accessed April 26, 2005).
17. LaRock, P., J.H. Hyun, S. Boutelle, W.C. Burnett, and C.D. Hull 1996. Bacterial mobilization of polonium. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 60, no. 22: 4321-4328.
18. Lico, M.S., and R.L. Seiler 1994. Groundwater Quality and Geochemistry, Carson Desert, Western Nevada. U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-31, 91. Reston, Virginia: USGS.
19. Maurer, D.K., and A.H. Welch 2001. Hydrogeology and Geochemistry of the Fallon Basalt and Adjacent Aquifers, and Potential Sources of Basalt Recharge, in Churchill County, Nevada. U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 01-4130, 72. Reston, Virginia: USGS.
20. Maurer, D.K., A.K. Johnson, and A.H. Welch 1996. Hydrogeology and Potential Effects of Changes in Water Use, Carson Desert Agricultural Area, Churchill County, Nevada. U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 2436, 106. Reston, Virginia: USGS.
21. Mullin, A. 1982. Abnormally high alpha activity in a Louisiana drinking water supply. In Presentation at 27th annual meeting, Health Physics Society, June 27-July 1, 1982, Las Vegas, Nevada. McLean, Virginia, Health Physics Society.
22. Oural C.R., H.R. Brooker, and S.B. Upchurch 1986. Source of Gross-alpha Radioactivity Anomalies in Recharge Wells. Central Florida Phosphate District, Florida Institute of Phosphate Research Publication number 05-014-034, 83. (accessed January 11, 2009).
23. Outola, I., S. Nour, H. Kurosaki, K. Inn, J. La Roasa, L. Lucas, P. Volkovitski, and K. Koepenick 2008. Investigation of radioactivity in selected drinking water samples from Maryland. Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry 227, no. 1: 155-159.
24. Porcelli, D. 2008. Investigating groundwater processes using U- and Th-series nuclides. In Radioactivity in the Environment, vol. 13, U-Th Series Nuclides in Aquatic Systems, ed. S. Krishnaswami and J.K. Cochran, 105-153. New York: Elsevier.
25. 210Po in selected California groundwater wells. Health Physics 92, no. 5: 432-441.
26. Scott, B.R. 2007. Health risk evaluations for ingestion exposure of humans to polonium-210. Dose Response 5: 94-122.
27. Seiler, R.L. 2007. Methods and Data Used to Investigate Polonium-210 as a Sources of Excess Gross-alpha Radioactivity in Ground Water, Churchill County, Nevada. U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1231, 11. Reston, Virginia: USGS.
28. Seiler, R.L., K.G. Stollenwerk, and J.R. Garbarino 2005. Factors controlling tungsten concentrations in groundwater, Carson Desert, Nevada. Applied Geochemistry 20: 423-441.
29. Seiler, R.L. 2004. Temporal changes in-water quality at a childhood-leukemia cluster. Ground Water 42, 446-455.
30. Shelton, L.R. 1994. Field Guide for Collecting and Processing Stream-Water Samples for the National Water-Quality Assessment Program. U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-455, 42. Reston, Virginia: USGS.
31. Steinmaus, C.M., Y. Yuan, and A.H. Smith 2005. The temporal stability of arsenic concentrations in well water in western Nevada. Environmental Research 99: 164-168.
32. Thomas, J.M., A.H. Welch, M.S. Lico, J.L. Hughes, and R. Whitney 1994. Radionuclides in groundwater of the Carson River Basin, western Nevada and eastern California, USA. Applied Geochemistry 8, no. 5: 447-471.
33. Thundiyil, J.G., Y. Yuan, A.H. Smith, and C.M. Steinmaus 2007. Seasonal variation of arsenic concentrations in wells in Nevada. Environmental Research 104: 367-373.
34. U.S. Department of Energy. 1997. Plutonium in water (Pu-10-RC), in HASL-300 Environmental Measurements Laboratory Procedures Manual, 28th ed. (accessed November 13, 2009).
35. U.S. EPA. 2009. EPA map of Radon zones. (accessed May 13, 2009).
36. U.S. EPA. 2000a. Radionuclides Notice of Data Availability Technical Support Document. (accessed June 11, 2009).
37. U.S. EPA. 2000b. National Primary Drinking Water Regulations; Radionuclides; Final Rule. Federal Register, U.S. Code of Federal Regulations, December 7, 2000, 65, no. 236: 76708-76753.
38. Walker, M., R.L. Seiler, and M. Meinert 2008. Effectiveness of household reverse-osmosis systems in a Western U.S. region with high arsenic in groundwater. Science of the Total Environment 389: 245-252.
39. Welch, A.H., and M.S. Lico 1998. Factors controlling As and U in shallow groundwater, southern Carson Desert, Nevada. Applied Geochemistry 13: 521-539.
40. World Health Organization. 2006. World Health Organization Guidelines for Drinking-Water Quality, First Addendum to Third Addition, Volume 1 Recommendations. ). (accessed October 10, 2007).
41. Wilde, F.D., and D.B. Radtke, ed. 1998. National Field Manual for the Collection of Water Quality Data-Field Measurements. U.S. Geological Survey Techniques of Water-Resource Investigation 09, Chapter A6. Reston, Virginia: USGS.