Divergent photic thresholds in the non-image-forming visual system: Entrainment, masking and pupillary light reflex

Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences

Volumn 278, Issue 1706, 2011, Pages 745-750

  Butler, Matthew P ^a   Silver, Rae ^a,b,c  

^a Och Spine at New York Presbyterian Hospitals   (United States)

^b Barnard College of Columbia University   (United States)

^c NewYork Presbyterian Hospital   (United States)

Author keywords

Circadian; Photoreceptor; Retina; Suprachiasmatic nucleus; Wavelength

Indexed keywords

PHOTON FLUX DENSITY; PHOTOPERIOD; PHOTORECEPTION; WAVELENGTH;

ANIMALIA; MUS;

EID: 79951793473     PISSN: 09628452     EISSN: 14712970     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2010.1509     Document Type: Article

References (32)

1. Cardinali, D. P., Larin, F. & Wurtman, R. J. 1972 Control of the rat pineal gland by light spectra. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 69, 2003-2005.
2. Takahashi, J. S., DeCoursey, P. J., Bauman, L. & Menaker, M. 1984 Spectral sensitivity of a novel photoreceptive system mediating entrainment of mammalian circadian rhythms. Nature 308, 186-188. (doi:10.1038/308186a0) (Pubitemid 14129558)
3. Nelson, D. E. & Takahashi, J. S. 1991 Comparison of visual sensitivity for suppression of pineal melatonin and circadian phase-shifting in the golden hamster. Brain Res. 554, 272-277. (doi:10.1016/0006-8993(91)90200-F)
4. Foster, R. G. 2002 Keeping an eye on the time: the Cogan Lecture. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 43, 1286-1298. (Pubitemid 34462621)
5. Hattar, S. et al. 2003 Melanopsin and rod-cone photoreceptive systems account for all major accessory visual functions in mice. Nature 424, 76-81. (doi:10.1038/nature01761) (Pubitemid 36834844)
6. Pohl, H. 1976 Proportional effect of light on entrained circadian rhythms of birds and mammals. J. Comp. Physiol. 112, 103-108. (doi:10.1007/BF00612678)
7. Wright Jr, K. P., Gronfier, C., Duffy, J. F. & Czeisler, C. A. 2005 Intrinsic period and light intensity determine the phase relationship between melatonin and sleep in humans. J. Biol. Rhyth. 20, 168-177. (doi:10.1177/ 0748730404274265) (Pubitemid 40389163)
8. Evans, J. A., Elliott, J. A. & Gorman, M. R. 2009 Dim nighttime illumination accelerates adjustment to timezone travel in an animal model. Curr. Biol. 19, R156-R157. (doi:10.1016/j.cub.2009.01.023)
9. Doyle, S. E., Yoshikawa, T., Hillson, H. & Menaker, M. 2008 Retinal pathways influence temporal niche. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 105, 13 133-13 138. (doi:10.1073/pnas.0801728105)
10. Ebihara, S. & Tsuji, K. 1980 Entrainment of the circadian activity rhythm to the light cycle: effective light intensity for a zeitgeber in the retinal degenerate C3H mouse and the normal C57BL mouse. Physiol. Behav. 24 , 523-527. (doi:10.1016/0031-9384(80)90246-2) (Pubitemid 10085634)
11. Foster, R. G. & Helfrich-Forster, C. 2001 The regulation of circadian clocks by light in fruitflies and mice. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B 356, 1779-1789. (doi:10.1098/rstb.2001.0962) (Pubitemid 33124676)
12. Mrosovsky, N. 2003 Contribution of classic photoreceptors to entrainment. J. Comp. Physiol. A 189, 69-73. (doi:10.1007/s00359-002-0378-7) (Pubitemid 36198944)
13. Dkhissi-Benyahya, O., Gronfier, C., De Vanssay, W., Flamant, F. & Cooper, H. M. 2007 Modeling the role of mid-wavelength cones in circadian responses to light. Neuron 53, 677-687. (doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2007.02.005)
14. Altimus, C. M., Guler, A. D., Alam, N. M., Arman, A. C., Prusky, G. T., Sampath, A. P. & Hattar, S. 2010 Rod photoreceptors drive circadian photoentrainment across a wide range of light intensities. Nat. Neurosci. 13, 1107-1112. (doi:10.1038/nn.2617)
15. Lall, G. S. et al. 2010 Distinct contributions of rod, cone, and melanopsin photoreceptors to encoding irradiance. Neuron 66, 417-428. (doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2010.04.037)
16. Govardovskii, V. I., Fyhrquist, N., Reuter, T., Kuzmin, D. G. & Donner, K. 2000 In search of the visual pigment template. Vis. Neurosci. 17, 509-528. (doi:10.1017/S0952523800174036)
17. Mrosovsky, N. & Hattar, S. 2003 Impaired masking responses to light in melanopsin-knockout mice. Chronobiol. Int. 20, 989-999. (doi:10.1081/CBI- 120026043) (Pubitemid 37517513)
18. Lucas, R. J., Douglas, R. H. & Foster, R. G. 2001 Characterization of an ocular photopigment capable of driving pupillary constriction in mice. Nat. Neurosci. 4, 621-626. (doi:10.1038/88443) (Pubitemid 32507376)
19. Bowes, C., Li, T., Danciger, M., Baxter, L. C., Applebury, M. L. & Farber, D. B. 1990 Retinal degeneration in the rd mouse is caused by a defect in the β subunit of rod cGMP-phosphodiesterase. Nature 347,677-680. (doi:10.1038/347677a0) (Pubitemid 20356246)
20. Sun, H., Macke, J. P. & Nathans, J. 1997 Mechanisms of spectral tuning in the mouse green cone pigment. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 94, 8860-8865. (Pubitemid 27335130)
21. Panda, S., Nayak, S. K., Campo, B., Walker, J. R., Hogenesch, J. B. & Jegla, T. 2005 Illumination of the melanopsin signaling pathway. Science 307, 600-604. (doi:10.1126/science.1105121) (Pubitemid 40165686)
22. Jacobs, G. H., Neitz, J. & Deegan II, J. F. 1991 Retinal receptors in rodents maximally sensitive to ultraviolet light. Nature 353, 655-656. (doi:10.1038/353655a0) (Pubitemid 21912581)
23. Jeon, C. J., Strettoi, E. & Masland, R. H. 1998 The major cell populations of the mouse retina. J. Neurosci. 18, 8936-8946. (Pubitemid 28491758)
24. Nakatani, K., Tamura, T. & Yau, K. W. 1991 Light adaptation in retinal rods of the rabbit and two other nonprimate mammals. J. Gen. Physiol. 97, 413-435.
25. Nikonov, S. S., Kholodenko, R., Lem, J. & Pugh Jr, E. N. 2006 Physiological features of the S- and M-cone photoreceptors of wild-type mice from single-cell recordings. J. Gen. Physiol. 127, 359-374. (doi:10.1085/jgp. 200609490)
26. Do, M. T., Kang, S. H., Xue, T., Zhong, H., Liao, H.W., Bergles, D. E. & Yau, K. W. 2009 Photon capture and signalling by melanopsin retinal ganglion cells. Nature 457, 281-287. (doi:10.1038/nature07682)
27. Mrosovsky, N., Foster, R. G. & Salmon, P. A. 1999 Thresholds for masking responses to light in three strains of retinally degenerate mice. J. Comp. Physiol. A 184, 423-428. (doi:10.1007/s003590050341) (Pubitemid 129655709)
28. Thompson, S., Foster, R. G., Stone, E. M., Sheffield, V. C. & Mrosovsky, N. 2008 Classical and melanopsin photoreception in irradiance detection: negative masking of locomotor activity by light. Eur. J. Neurosci. 27, 1973-1979. (doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.2008.06168.x) (Pubitemid 351521486)
29. Wald, G. & Brown, P. K. 1956 Synthesis and bleaching of rhodopsin. Nature 177, 174-176. (doi:10.1038/177174a0)
30. McCormack, C. E. & Sontag, C. R. 1980 Entrainment by red light of running activity and ovulation rhythms of rats. Am. J. Physiol. 239, R450-R453. (Pubitemid 11254185)
31. Brainard, G. C., Hanifin, J. P., Greeson, J. M., Byrne, B., Glickman, G., Gerner, E. & Rollag, M. D. 2001 Action spectrum for melatonin regulation in humans: evidence for a novel circadian photoreceptor. J. Neurosci. 21, 6405-6412. (Pubitemid 32737772)
32. Gooley, J. J., Rajaratnam, S. M., Brainard, G. C., Kronauer, R. E., Czeisler, C. A. & Lockley, S. W. 2010 Spectral responses of the human circadian system depend on the irradiance and duration of exposure to light. Sci. Transl. Med. 2, 31ra33. (doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.3000741)