Forest structure and tree species composition of the understory of two central Amazonian várzea forests of contrasting flood heights

Flora: Morphology, Distribution, Functional Ecology of Plants

Volumn 206, Issue 3, 2011, Pages 251-260

  de Assis, Rafael Leandro ^a   Wittmann, Florian ^b  

^a INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE PESQUISAS DA AMAZÔNIA   (Brazil)

^b MAX PLANCK INSTITUTE FOR CHEMISTRY   (Germany)

Author keywords

Flood tolerance; Inundation; Regeneration; Species richness; Species similarity; V rzea

Indexed keywords

COMMUNITY COMPOSITION; DIAMETER; FOREST ECOSYSTEM; FOREST MANAGEMENT; POPULATION DISTRIBUTION; REFORESTATION; REGENERATION; SHRUB; SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION; SPECIES RICHNESS; SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT; TOLERANCE; UNDERSTORY;

AMAZONAS [BRAZIL]; BRAZIL;

EID: 79951771592     PISSN: 03672530     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.flora.2010.11.002     Document Type: Article

References (73)

1. APG II An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG II. Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 2003, 141:399-436.
2. Armstrong W., Drew M.C. Root growth and metabolism under oxygen deficiency. Plant Roots: The Hidden Half 2002, 729-761. Marcel Dekker, New York. Y. Waisel, A. Eshel, U. Kafkafi (Eds.).
3. Ayres, J.M., 1993. As Matas de Várzea do Mamirauá. Estudos de Mamirauá, vol. 1. Sociedade Civil Mamirauá, MCT-CNPq, Rio de Janeiro.
4. Ayres, J.M., Ayres Júnior, M., Ayres, D.L., Santos, A.S., 2000. BioEstat 2.0: Aplicações estatísticas nas áreas das ciências biológicas e médicas. Sociedade Civil Mamirauá, Belém.
5. Balslev H., Lutteyn J., Yllgaard B., Holm-Nielsen L.B. Composition and structure of adjacent unflooded and floodplain forest in Amazonian Ecuador. Opera Botanica 1987, 92:37-57.
6. Bazzaz F.A. Regeneration of tropical forests: physiological responses of pioneer and secondary species. Rain Forest Regeneration and Management 1991, 91-118. The Parthenon Publishing Group, London. A. Gomez-Pompa, T.C. Whitmore, M. Hadley (Eds.).
7. Bongers F., Popma J., del Castillo J.M., Carabias J. Structure and floristic composition of the lowland rain forest of Los Tuxtlas, Mexico. Vegetatio 1988, 74:55-80.
8. Brower J.E., Zar J.H. Field and Laboratory Methods for General Ecology 1984, WC Brown Publ., Iowa. 2nd ed.
9. Budowski G. Distribution of tropical American rain forest species in the light of successional processes. Turrialba 1965, 15:40-42.
10. Carim M.J.V., Jardim M.A.G., Medeiros T.D.S. Composicão floristica e estrutura de floresta de várzea no Município de Mazagão, Estado do Amapá, Brasil. Scientia Forestalis 2008, 36(79):191-201.
11. Cattanio J.H., Anderson A.B., Carvalho M.S. Floristic composition and topographic variation in a tidal floodplain forest in the Amazon Estuary. Revista Brasil. de Botan. 2002, 25:419-430.
12. Curtis J.T., McIntosh R.P. An upland forest continuum in the prairie forest border region of Wisconsin. Ecology 1951, 32:476-496.
13. Dallmeier F., Kabel M., Foster R.B. Floristic composition, diversity, mortality and recruitment on different substrates: Lowland tropical forest, Pakitza, Río Manu, Peru. Manu-The Biodiversity of Southern Peru 1996, 61-77. Smithsonian Institute, Washington DC. D.E. Wilson, A. Sandoval (Eds.).
14. De Simone O., Haase K., Müller E., Junk W.J., Gonsior G., Schmidt W. Impact of root morphology on metabolism and oxygen distribution in roots and rhizosphere from two central Amazonian floodplain tree species. Funct. Plant Biol. 2002, 29:1025-1035.
15. Duque A., Sanchéz M., Cavelier J., Duivenvoorden J.F. Different floristic patterns of woody understorey and canopy plants in Colombian Amazonia. J. Trop. Ecol. 2002, 18:499-525.
16. Ferreira L.V. Effect of flooding duration on species richness, floristic composition and forest structure in river margin habitats in Amazonian blackwater floodplain forests: Implications for future design of protected areas. Biodiv. Conserv. 2000, 9:1-14.
17. Foster R.B., Arce J.B., Wachter T.S. Dispersal and the sequential plant communities in Amazonian Peru floodplain. Frugivores and Seed Dispersal 1986, 357-370. Dr. W. Junk, Dordrecht. A. Estrada, T.H. Fleming (Eds.).
18. Furch K., Junk W.J. Physicochemical conditions in the floodplains. The Central Amazon floodplain: Ecology of a Pulsating System. Ecol. Stud., vol. 126 1997, 69-108. Springer, Berlin/Heidelberg/New York. W.J. Junk (Ed.).
19. Gama J.R.V., Botelho S.A., Bentes-Gama M.M. Composição florística e estrutura da regeneração natural de floresta secundária de várzea baixa no estuário amazônico. Revista Árvore 2002, 26:559-566.
20. Gama J.R.V., Botelho S.A., Bentes-Gama M.M., Scolforo J.R.S. Estrutura e potencial futuro de utilização da regeneração natural de floresta de várzea alta no Município de Afuá, Estado do Pará. Ciência Florestal 2003, 13:71-82.
21. Gentry A.H., Emmons L.H. Geographical variation in fertility, phenology, and composition of the understorey of neotropical forests. Biotropica 1987, 19:216-227.
22. Gotelli, N.J., Entsminger, G.L., 2001. Ecosim: Null Models Software for Ecology. Acquired Intelligence Inc. & Kesey-Bear, (Cited 15 Jan 2008). http://homepages.together.net/~gentsmin/ecosim.htm.
23. Gottsberger G. Seed dispersal by fish in the inundated regions of Humaitá, Amazônia. Biotropica 1978, 10:170-183.
24. Goulding, M., 1983. The role of fishes in seed dispersal and plant distribution in Amazonian floodplain ecosystems. In: Kubitzki, K. (Ed.), Dispersal and Distribution. Sonderarbeiten d. naturwiss, Vereins Hamburg 7, 271-283.
25. Horvitz C.C., Le Corff J. Spatial scale and dispersion pattern of ant and bird-herbs in two tropical lowland rain forests. Vegetatio 1993, 107:351-362.
26. Hubbell S.P., Foster R.B. Short-term dynamics of a neotropical forest: why ecological research matters to tropical conservation and management. Oikos 1992, 63:48-61.
27. Jackson M.B., Colmer T.D. Response and adaptation by plants to flooding stress. Ann. Bot. 2005, 96:501-505.
28. Jordan C.F. Nutrient Cycling in Tropical Forest Ecosystems 1985, Wiley, Chichester.
29. Junk W.J. Flood tolerance and tree distribution in central Amazonian floodplains. Tropical Forests: Botanical Dynamics, Speciation and Diversity 1989, 47-64. Academic Press, New York. L.B. Holm-Nielsen, I.C. Nielsen, H. Balslev (Eds.).
30. Junk W.J. General aspects of floodplain ecology with special reference to Amazonian floodplains. The Central Amazon Floodplain: Ecology of a Pulsing System. Ecol. Stud., vol. 126 1997, 3-22. Springer, Berlin/Heidelberg/New York. W.J. Junk (Ed.).
31. Junk W.J., Ohly J., Piedade M.T.F., Soares M.G.M. Actual use and options for the sustainable management of the central Amazon floodplain: discussion and conclusions. The Central Amazonian Floodplain: Actual Use and Options for Sustainable Management 2000, 536-579. Backhuys, Leiden. W.J. Junk, J. Ohly, M.T.F. Piedade, M.G.M. Soares (Eds.).
32. Kalliola R., Salo J., Puhakka M., Rajasilta M. New site formation and colonizing vegetation in primary succession on the western Amazon floodplain. J. Ecol. 1991, 79:877-901.
33. Klinge H., Adis J., Worbes M. The vegetation of a seasonal várzea forest in the lower Solimões river, Brazilian Amazonia. Acta Amazonica 1996, 25:201-220.
34. Krebs C.J. Ecological Methodology 1989, Harper & Row, New York.
35. Kruskal J.B. Non-metric multidimensional scaling: a numerical method. Psychometrica 1964, 29:115-129.
36. Kubitzki K., Ziburski A. Seed dispersal in flood plain forests of Amazonia. Biotropica 1994, 26:30-43.
37. Legendre P., Fortin M.J. Spatial pattern and ecological analysis. Vegetatio 1989, 80:107-138.
38. Lieberman D., Lieberman M. Forest tree growth and dynamics at La Selva, Costa Rica (1969-1982). J. Trop. Ecol. 1987, 3:347-358.
39. Marinho, T.A.S., 2008. Distribuição e estrutura da população de quatro espécies madeireiras em uma floresta sazonalmente alagável na Reserva de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá, Amazônia Central. Dissertation INPA, Manaus.
40. McCune B., Mefford M.J. Multivariate Analysis of Ecological Data, vol. 4.0 1999, MjM Software, Oregon, USA.
41. Megonigal J.P., Conner W.H., Kroeger S., Sharitz R.R. Aboveground production in Southeastern floodplain forests: a test of the subsidy-stress hypothesis. Ecology 1997, 78:370-384.
42. Mori S.A., Boom B.M., De Carvalino A.M., Santos T.S. Ecological importance of Myrtaceae in an eastern Brazilian wet forest. Biotropica 1983, 15:68-70.
43. Morisita M. Measuring of the dispersion of individuals and analysis of the distributional patterns. Mem. Fac. Sci. Kyushu University Series 1959, E2:215-235.
44. Nebel G., Kvist L., Vanclay J.K., Christensen H., Freitas L., Ruíz J. Structure and floristic composition of flood plain forests in the Peruvian Amazon I. Overstorey. Forest Ecol. Manag. 2001, 150:27-57.
45. Nebel G., Dragsted J., Vanclay J.K. Structure and floristic composition of flood plain forests in the Peruvian Amazon II. The understorey of restinga forests. Forest Ecol. Manag. 2001, 150:59-77.
46. Oliveira A.N., Amaral I.L. Aspectos florísticos, fitossociológicos e ecológicos de um sub-bosque de terra firme na Amazônia Central, Amazonas, Brasil. Acta Amazônica 2005, 35:1-16.
47. Oliveira Wittmann A., Piedade M.T.F., Parolin P., Wittmann F. Germination of four low-várzea tree species of Central Amazonia. Aquat. Bot. 2007, 86:197-203.
48. Oliveira Wittmann A., Lopes A., Conserva A.S., Wittmann F., Piedade M.T.F. Seed germination and seedling establishment of Amazonian floodplain trees. Amazonian floodplain forests: Ecophysiology, biodiversity and sustainable management 2010, 259-280. Springer, New York. W.J. Junk, M.T.F. Piedade, F. Wittmann, J. Schöngart, P. Parolin (Eds.).
49. Parolin P. Phenology and CO2-assimilation of trees in Central Amazonian floodplains. J. Trop. Ecol. 2000, 16:465-473.
50. Parolin P. Morphological and physiological adjustments to waterlogging and drought in seedlings of Amazonian floodplain trees. Oecologia 2001, 128:326-335.
51. Parolin P. Submerged in darkness: Adaptations to prolonged submergence by woody species of the Amazonian floodplains. Ann. Bot. 2009, 103:359-376.
52. Peixoto J.M.A., Nelson B.W., Wittmann F. Spatial and temporal dynamics of alluvial geomorphology and vegetation in central Amazonian white-water floodplains by remote-sensing techniques. Remote Sens. Environ. 2009, 113:2258-2266.
53. Poole R.W. An Introduction to Quantitative Ecology 1974, McGraw-Hill, New York.
54. Pragasan, L.A., Parthasarathy, N., 2010. Landscape-level tree diversity assessment in tropical forests of southern Eastern Ghats, India. Flora 205 (11).
55. Prance G.T. Notes on the vegetation of Amazonia III. The terminology of Amazonian forest types subject to inundation. Brittonia 1979, 31:26-38.
56. Salo J., Kalliola R., Hakkinen J., Mäkinen Y., Niemela P., Puhakka M., Coley P.D. River dynamics and the diversity of Amazon lowlands forests. Nature 1986, 322:254-258.
57. Schlüter U.B., Furch B., Joly C.A. Physiological and anatomical adaptations by young Astrocaryum jauari Mart. (Arecaceae) in periodically inundated biotopes of central Amazonia. Biotropica 1993, 25:384-396.
58. Schöngart, J., 2003. Dendrochronologische Untersuchungen in Überschwemmungswäldern der Várzea Zentralamazoniens. In: Böhnel, H., Tiessen, H., Weidelt, H.J. (Eds.), Göttinger Beiträge zur Land- und Forstwirtschaft in den Tropen und Subtropen, vol. 149, Göttingen.
59. Schöngart J., Piedade M.T.F., Ludwigshausen S., Horna V., Worbes M. Phenology and stem growth periodicity of tree species in Amazonian floodplain forests. J. Trop. Ecol. 2002, 18:581-597.
60. Schöngart J., Wittmann F., Piedade M.T.F., Junk W.J., Worbes M. Wood growth patterns of Macrolobium acaciifolium (Benth.) Benth. (Fabaceae) in Amazonian black-water and white-water floodplain forests. Oecologia 2005, 145:454-461.
61. Schöngart J., Wittmann F., Worbes M., Piedade M.T.F., Krambeck H.J., Junk W.J. Management options for Ficus insipida Willd. (Moraceae) in Amazonian white-water floodplain forests. Ann. Forest Sci. 2007, 64:657-664.
62. Sokal R.R., Rohlf F.G. Biometry 1995, Freeman Co., New York. 3rd ed.
63. Sørensen T. A method of establishing groups of equal amplitude in plant sociology based on similarity of species content and its application to analyses of the vegetation on Danish commons. Det Kongelige Danske Videnskabers Selskab Biologiske Skrifter 1948, 5:1-34.
64. Waldhoff D., Junk W.J., Furch B. Responses of three Central Amazonian tree species to drought and flooding under controlled conditions. Int. J. Ecol. Environ. Sci. 1998, 24:237-252.
65. Wittmann F., Junk W.J. Sapling communities in Amazonian white-water forests. J. Biogeogr. 2003, 30:1533-1544.
66. Wittmann F., Parolin P. Aboveground roots in Amazonian white-water forests. Biotropica 2005, 37:609-619.
67. Wittmann F., Anhuf D., Junk W.J. Tree species distribution and community structure of central Amazonian várzea forests by remote sense techniques. J. Trop. Ecol. 2002, 18:805-820.
68. Wittmann F., Junk W.J., Piedade M.T.F. The várzea forests in Amazonia: flooding and the highly dynamic geomorphology interact with natural forest succession. Forest Ecol. Manag. 2004, 196:199-212.
69. Wittmann F., et al. Tree species composition and diversity gradients in white-water forests across the Amazon Basin. J. Biogeogr. 2006, 33:1334-1347.
70. Wittmann F., Schöngart J., Parolin P., Worbes M., Piedade M.T.F., Junk W.J. Wood specific gravity of trees in Amazonian white-water forests in relation to flooding. IAWA J. 2006, 27:255-266.
71. Worbes M. Lebensbedingungen und Holzwachstum in zentralamazonischen Überschwemmungswäldern. Scripta Geobotanica 1986, 17:1-112.
72. Worbes M., Klinge H., Revilla J.D., Martius C. On the dynamics, floristic subdivision and geographical distribution of várzea forests in Central Amazonia. J. Veg. Sci. 1992, 3:553-564.
73. Zent E.L., Zent S. Floristic composition, structure, and diversity of four forest plots in the Sierra Maigualida, Venezuelan Guayana. Biodiv. Conserv. 2004, 13:2453-2484.