Measuring Lay Conceptions of Well-Being: The Beliefs About Well-Being Scale

Journal of Happiness Studies

Volumn 12, Issue 2, 2011, Pages 267-287

  McMahan, Ethan A ^a   Estes, David ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WYOMING   (United States)

Author keywords

Happiness; Lay conceptions; Measurement; Scale development; Well being

Indexed keywords

EID: 79951721974     PISSN: 13894978     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10902-010-9194-x     Document Type: Article

References (72)

1. Allport, G. (1961). Pattern and growth in personality. New York: Holt, Rinehart, & Winston.
2. Aristotle. (2000). Nicomachean ethics (R. Crisp, Trans.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
3. Baggini, J. (2004). What's it all about? Philosophy and the meaning of life. New York: Granta Books.
4. Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. New York, NY: Freeman.
5. Becker, L. (1992). Good lives: Prolegomena. Social Philosophy and Policy, 9, 15-37.
6. Bloom, A. (1991). The republic of Plato. New York: Basic Books.
7. Bollen, K. A. (1989). Structural equations with latent variables. New York: Wiley.
8. Brulde, B. (2007). Happiness and the good life: Introduction and conceptual framework. Journal of Happiness Studies, 8, 1-14.
9. Campbell, D. T., & Fiske, D. W. (1959). Convergent and discriminant validation by the multitrait-multimethod matrix. Psychological Bulletin, 56, 81-105.
10. Carstensen, L. L. (2006). The influence of a sense of time on human development. Science, 312, 1913-1915.
11. Carstensen, L. L., Isaacowitz, D. M., & Charles, S. T. (1999). Taking time seriously: A theory of socioemotional selectivity. American Psychologist, 54, 165-181.
12. Carver, C. S., Scheier, M. F., Miller, C. J., & Fulford, D. (2009). Optimism. In S. J. Lopez & C. R. Snyder (Eds.), Handbook of positive psychology (2nd ed., pp. 679-687). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
13. Carver, C. S., & White, T. L. (1994). Behavioral inhibition, behavioral activation, and affective responses to impending reward and punishment: The BIS/BAS Scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67, 319-333.
14. Clark, L. A., & Watson, D. (1995). Constructing validity: Basic issues in objective scale development. Psychological Assessment, 7, 309-319.
15. Coan, R. W. (1977). Hero, artist, sage, or saint? New York: Columbia University Press.
16. Cooper, A., Gomez, R., & Aucote, H. (2007). The behavioral inhibition system and behavioral approach system (BIS/BAS) scales: Measurement and structural invariance across adults and adolescents. Personality and Individual Differences, 43, 295-305.
17. Crawford, J. R., & Henry, J. D. (2004). The positive and negative affective schedule (PANAS): Construct validity, measurement properties and normative data in a large non-clinical sample. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 43, 245-265.
18. Dalbert, C. (2001). The justice motive as a personal resource: Dealing with challenges and critical life events. New York: Kluwer/Plenum.
19. Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2008). Hedonia, eudaimonia, and well-being: An introduction. Journal of Happiness Studies, 9, 1-11.
20. Diener, E. (1984). Subjective well-being. Psychological Bulletin, 95, 542-575.
21. Diener, E., Emmons, R. A., Larson, R. J., & Griffin, S. (1985). The satisfaction with life scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49, 71-75.
22. Diener, E., & Lucas, R. E. (1999). Personality and subjective well-being. In D. Kahneman, E. Diener, & N. Schwarz (Eds.), Well-being: The foundations of hedonic psychology (pp. 213-229). New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
23. Diener, E., Smith, H., & Fujita, F. (1995). The personality structure of affect. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 50, 130-141.
24. Diener, E., Suh, E. M., Lucas, R. E., & Smith, H. L. (1999). Subjective well-being: Three decades of progress. Psychological Bulletin, 125, 276-302.
25. Dweck, C. (2006). Mindset: The new psychology of success. New York, NY: Random House.
26. Erikson, E. H. (1959). Identity and the life cycle: Selected papers. Oxford: International Universities Press.
27. Fava, J. L., & Velicer, W. F. (1992). The effects of overextraction on factor and component analysis. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 27, 387-415.
28. Finch, J. F., & West, S. G. (1997). The investigation of personality structure: Statistical models. Journal of Research in Personality, 31, 439-485.
29. Floyd, F. J., & Widaman, K. F. (1995). Factor analysis in the development and refinement of clinical assessment instruments. Psychological Assessment, 7, 286-299.
30. Furnham, A. (2003). Belief in a just world: Research progress over the past decade. Personality and Individual Differences, 34, 795-817.
31. Grouzet, F. M. E., Kasser, T., Ahuvia, A., Fernandez Dols, J. M., Kim, Y., Lau, S., et al. (2005). The structure of goal contents across 15 cultures. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 89, 800-816.
32. Guadagnoli, E., & Velicer, W. F. (1988). Relation of sample size to the stability of component patterns. Psychological Bulletin, 103, 265-275.
33. Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indices in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6, 1-55.
34. John, O. P., & Benet-Martinez, V. (2000). Measurement: Reliability, construct validation, and scale construction. In H. T. Reis & C. M. Judd (Eds.), Handbook of research methods in social and personality psychology (pp. 339-369). New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
35. Jöreskog, K., & Sörbom, D. (1993). LISREL 8: Structural equation modelling with the SIMPLIS command language. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
36. Kagan, S. (1992). The limits of well-being. In E. F. Paul, F. D. Miller Jr., & J. Paul (Eds.), The good life and the human good (pp. 169-189). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
37. Kahneman, D., Diener, E., & Schwarz, N. (1999). Well-being: The foundations of hedonic psychology. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
38. Kasser, T., & Ryan, R. M. (1996). Further examining the American dream: Differential correlates of intrinsic and extrinsic goals. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 22, 280-287.
39. King, L. A., & Napa, C. K. (1998). What makes life good? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 75, 156-165.
40. Koltko-Rivera, M. E. (2004). The psychology of worldviews. Review of General Psychology, 8, 3-58.
41. Kubovy, M. (1999). On the pleasures of the mind. In D. Kahneman, E. Diener, & N. Schwarz (Eds.), Well-being: The foundations of hedonic psychology (pp. 134-154). New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
42. Larson, R. J., Diener, E., & Emmons, R. A. (1985). An evaluation of subjective well-being measures. Social Indicators Research, 17, 1-17.
43. Lucas, R. E., Diener, E., & Larson, R. J. (2003). Measuring positive emotions. In S. J. Lopez & C. R. Snyder (Eds.), Positive psychological assessment: A handbook of models and measures (pp. 201-218). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
44. Martin, M. W. (2008). Paradoxes of happiness. Journal of Happiness Studies, 9, 171-184.
45. Maslow, A. H. (1971). The farther reaches of human nature. New York: Viking.
46. Myers, D. G., & Diener, E. (1995). Who is happy? Psychological Science, 6, 10-19.
47. Ng, A. K., Ho, D. Y. F., Wong, S. S., & Smith, I. (2003). In search of the good life: A cultural odyssey in the East and West. Genetic, Social, and General Psychology Monographs, 129, 317-363.
48. Pargament, K. I. (1997). The psychology of religion and coping: Theory, research, practice. New York: Guilford Press.
49. Peterson, C., Park, N., & Seligman, M. E. P. (2005). Orientations to happiness and life satisfaction: The full life versus the empty life. Journal of Happiness Studies, 6, 25-41.
50. Peterson, C., Ruch, W., Beerman, U., Park, N., & Seligman, M. E. P. (2007). Strengths of character, orientations to happiness, and life satisfaction. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 2, 149-156.
51. Poulin, M., & Silver, R. C. (2008). World benevolence beliefs and well-being across the life span. Psychology and Aging, 23, 13-23.
52. Reise, S. P., Waller, N. G., & Comrey, A. L. (2000). Factor analysis and scale revision. Psychological Assessment, 12, 287-297.
53. Rogers, C. R. (1961). On becoming a person. Boston: Houghton-Mifflin.
54. Rokeach, M. (1973). The nature of human values. New York: Free Press.
55. Russell, B. (1946). A history of western philosophy. New York: Simon & Schuster.
56. Russell, B. (1958). The conquest of happiness. New York: Liveright.
57. Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2001). On happiness and human potentials: A review of research on hedonic and eudaimonic well-being. Annual Review of Psychology, 52, 141-166.
58. Ryan, R. M., & Frederick, C. M. (1997). On energy, personality, and health: Subjective vitality as a dynamic reflection of well-being. Journal of Personality, 65, 529-565.
59. Ryff, C. D. (1989). Happiness is everything, or is it? Explorations on the meaning of psychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57, 1069-1081.
60. Ryff, C. D., & Keyes, C. L. M. (1995). The structure of psychological well-being revisited. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69, 719-727.
61. Ryff, C. D., & Singer, B. (1998). The contours of positive human health. Psychological Inquiry, 9, 1-28.
62. Ryff, C. D., & Singer, B. (2008). Know thyself and become what you are: A eudaimonic approach to psychological well-being. Journal of Happiness Studies, 9, 13-39.
63. Sheldon, K. M., Ryan, R. M., Deci, E. L., & Kasser, T. (2004). The independent effects of goal contents and motives on well-being: It's both what you pursue and why you pursue it. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 30, 475-486.
64. Shweder, R. A. (1998). Welcome to middle age! (and other cultural fictions). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
65. Snyder, C. R. (1994). The psychology of hope: You can get there from here. New York, NY: Free Press.
66. Srivastava, A., Locke, E. A., & Bartol, K. M. (2001). Money and subjective well-being: It's not the money, it's the motives. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 80, 959-971.
67. Steger, M. F., Frazier, P., Oishi, S., & Kaler, M. (2006). The meaning in life questionnaire: Assessing the presence and search for meaning in life. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 53, 80-93.
68. Veenhoven, R. (2003). Hedonism and happiness. Journal of Happiness Studies, 4, 437-457.
69. Waterman, A. S. (1993). Two conceptions of happiness: Contrasts of personal expressiveness (eudaimonia) and hedonic enjoyment. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 64, 678-691.
70. Waterman, A. S., Schwartz, S. S., & Conti, R. (2008). The implications of two conceptions of happiness (hedonic enjoyment and eudaimonia) for the understanding of intrinsic motivation. Journal of Happiness Studies, 9, 41-79.
71. Watson, D., Clark, L. A., & Tellegen, A. (1988). Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54, 1063-1070.
72. Wood, J. M., Tataryn, D. J., & Gorsuch, R. L. (1996). Effects of under- and overextraction on principle axis factor analysis with varimax rotation. Psychological Methods, 1, 354-365.