Ernabella mission school: A critique.

Journal of the Anthropological Society of South Australia

Volumn 32, Issue 2, 1999, Pages 1648-1655

  Macgill, Belinda ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 79951700056     PISSN: 10344438     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Editorial

References (47)

1. 1.. Gandhi, Postcolonial Theory, A Critical Introduction (Sydney, 1998) p. 100.
2. C. Mattingly & K. Hampton, (eds.), Survival in Our Own Lands. Aboriginal experiences in ‘South Australia’ since 1836 (Adelaide, 1988) p.256.
3. Ernabella was set up as a “buffer state” between the Reserve, the Home of the Aborigines, and the outside world.’ Ernabella After Eight Years (1946) p.7.
4. C. Duguid, The Aborigines of Australia (Adelaide, 1946) p.9.
5. See L. Gandhi, op.cit., pp. 34-35 for an excellent discussion on Cartesian philosophy and the underlying principles of Western dualism and the notion of the subject as the centre by which everything else or the ‘other’ is defined.
6. F. Rizvi, ‘The Arts, Education and the Politics of Multiculturalism’ Culture, Difference and the Arts (St. Leonards, 1994) p. 56.
7. Mattingly, C. & K. Hampton, The Arts, Education and the Politics of Multiculturalism’ Culture, Difference and the Arts (St. Leonards, 1994), p.255.
8. Trudinger, R.M., An Educational Experiment (Adelaide, 1942) p.1
9. Socialist Worker, no. 417, 20 August 1990, p. 12.
10. Interview with W. Edwards, 12/8/99.
11. Edwards, W., ‘Experience in the use of the Vernacular as an Introductory Medium of Instruction.’ Aborigines and Education, S.S. Dunn & C.M Tatz, (ed.), (Melbourne, 1969) p.279.
12. Trudinger, R.M., ‘Mr. Trudinger’s report from June 30th 1940 to July 31st 1941.’ Ernabella News Letter (Melbourne, 1941) p.7.
13. Gale, M., Dhangum Djorra’wuy Dhawu. The Development of Writing in Aboriginal Languages in S.A. and the NT since Colonisation’, Unpublished Masters Thesis (1992) p. 56.
14. Trudinger, (1942) The Development of Writing in Aboriginal Languages in S.A. and the NT since Colonisation’, Unpublished Masters Thesis, p.2.
15. Mattingly & Hampton, op.cit., pp. 257, 258.
16. Planning for Bilingual Education in South Australia, Education Department within the Department of Education and Training (Adelaide, 1993) p.42.
17. Nicholls, C., ‘Cruel Blow to bilingual education’, The Australian, Opinion, 1/1/1999.
18. Grundy, P., P. Benson & T. Skutnabb-Kangas, ‘Paper from International Conference on Language Rights at The Hong Kong Polytechnic University’. Language Science, vol. 21(1) (UK, 1998) p. 1.
19. Edwards (1969) op.cit. p.279
20. Harker, R. K. & K. R. McConnochie, Education as Artifact Studies in Maori and Aboriginal Education (Victoria, 1985) pp. 37, 38.
21. Mattingly & Hampton, op.cit., p.99.
22. Mattingly & Hampton, op.cit., p.114.
23. Cited in Edwards, (1969) op.cit., p.280.
24. ibid.
25. Watts, B.H., W.J. McGrath, & J.L. Tandy, Bilingual Education in Schools in Aboriginal Communities in the Northern Territory (Darwin, 1973) p. 1.
26. Planning for Bilingual Education in South Australia, op.cit., p.42.
27. Edwards, (1969) op.cit., p.281.
28. Geise, J., (1969) p.85, cited in Gale, op.cit., p.109.
29. Watts, B.H. & J.D. Gallacher, Report on an Investigation into the Curriculum and Teaching Methods used in Aboriginal Schools in the Northern Territory (Darwin, 1964) p. 3.
30. Watts & Gallacher, op.cit., pp. 7,8.
31. See Foucault, M., The History of Sexuality (Harmondsworth, 1987) pp. 22, 25, 32.
32. Edwards, (1969) op.cit., pp. 277-278.
33. Gunton, J.D., ‘South Australia. Aboriginal education: present needs and facilities.’ Aborigines and Education, S.S. Dunn & C.M. Tatz. (eds.) (Melbourne, 1969) p. 32.
34. Gale, Cruel Blow to bilingual education’, The Australian, Opinion, p.103.
35. Harris, K. (1968) p.24, cited in Gale, op.cit., p.110.
36. National Report on Schooling in Australia (Melbourne, 1997) p. 71.
37. Handbook for Aboriginal Bilingual Education in the Northern Territory (Darwin, 1986) p.2.
38. Further political action was implemented by Kim Beasley (the then Minister of Education), who made a decision in 1973 to set up an advisory group on the development of bilingual education for the Northern Territory.
39. As Beasley stated, the research was conducted in order to ‘examine the nature and extent of the resources available and in the light of its findings to make recommendations for the implementation and development of a program involving teaching in Aboriginal languages and the incorporation in the school of further elements of traditional Aboriginal arts, crafts and skills.’ In March 1973, bilingual education began in five pilot communities in the Northern Territory: Milingimbi, Goulbourn Island, Areyonga, Angurugu, Hermannsburg. Gale, op.cit., p.111.
40. Goddard, C., ‘Emergent Genres of Reportage and Advocacy in the Pitjantjatjara Print Media.’ Australian Aboriginal Studies (1990) p. 31. See also Gale, op.cit. p.104.
41. Eckart, P. cited in Gale, op.cit., p.108.
42. Folds, R., Whitefella School. Education & Aboriginal Resistance (Sydney, 1987) p. 81.
43. Mattingly & Hampton, op.cit., p.258-259.
44. T. Minh-Ha represents the problem of people speaking for others in the following quote: ‘You who understand the dehumanisation of forced removal-relocation-reeducation-redefinition, the humiliation of having to falsify your own reality, your voice-you know. And often cannot say it. You try and keep on trying to unsay it, for if you don’t, they will not fail to fill in the blanks on your behalf, and you will be said’. ‘Difference: A special Third World Women Issue’. In Woman, Native, Other. Writing Postcoloniality and Feminism (Bloomington, 1989) p. 80.
45. Many letters were written by AEW staff (with some of which I collaborated in 1997) on the Lands requesting a bilingual program, yet their voices were ignored. ~ See National Report on Schooling in Australia for statistics on decrease of attendance rates and lower numeracy and literacy skills on Aboriginal communities in South Australia (Melbourne, 1997) pp. 69-71.
46. Edwards, 1999, op.cit.
47. Said, E., Representing the Colonised: anthropology’s interlocutors.’ Critical Inquiry, vol. 15(2), 1989, p. 207