Clinical methods for quantifying body segment posture: A literature review

Disability and Rehabilitation

Volumn 33, Issue 5, 2011, Pages 367-383

  Fortin, Carole ^a   Ehrmann Feldman, Debbie ^b   Cheriet, Farida ^c   Labelle, Hubert ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MONTREAL   (Canada)

^b UNIVERSITÉ DE MONTRÉAL   (Canada)

^c ÉCOLE POLYTECHNIQUE DE MONTRÉAL   (Canada)

Author keywords

assessment; Posture

Indexed keywords

ANTHROPOMETRY; BODY POSTURE; HUMAN; METHODOLOGY; MONITORING; MORPHOMETRICS; MUSCULOSKELETAL DISEASE; MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PHOTOGRAPHY; RADIOGRAPHY; REPRODUCIBILITY; REVIEW; STANDARD; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

ANTHROPOMETRY; BODY WEIGHTS AND MEASURES; HUMANS; MONITORING, PHYSIOLOGIC; MUSCULOSKELETAL DISEASES; MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM; PHOTOGRAPHY; POSTURE; RADIOGRAPHY; REPRODUCIBILITY OF RESULTS; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

EID: 79951661182     PISSN: 09638288     EISSN: 14645165     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3109/09638288.2010.492066     Document Type: Review

References (92)

1. Goldberg CJ, Kaliszer M, Moore DP, Fogarty EE, Dowling FE. Surface topography, Cobb angles, and cosmetic change in scoliosis. Spine 2001;26:E55-E63.
2. Kendall Peterson F, McCreary Kendall E, Provance Geise P, McIntyre Rodgers, Romani WA, Muscles: testing and function, with posture and pain. 5th ed. Baltimore, MD: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2005.
3. Moreno MA, Catai AM, Teodori RM, Borges BLA, Cesar MC, da Silva E. Effect of a muscle stretching program using the Global Postural Re-education method on respiratory muscle strength and thoracoabdominal mobility of sedentary young males. J Bras Pneumol 2007;33:679-686.
4. Nault M-L, Allard P, Hinse S, Leblanc R, Caron O, Labelle H, Sadeghi H. Relations between standing stability and body posture parameters in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Spine 2002;27:1911-1917. (Pubitemid 35006687)
5. Sahrmann SA. Diagnosis and treatment of movement impairment syndromes. St. Louis, MO: Mosby Inc.; 2002.
6. Raine S, Twomey L. Attributes and qualities of human posture and their relationship to dysfunction or musculoskeletal pain. Crit Rev Phys and Rehabil Med 1994;6:409-437.
7. Newton RU, Neal RJ. Three-dimensional quantification of human standing posture. Gait Posture 1994;2:205-212.
8. Danielsson AJ, Wiklund I, Pehrsson K, Nachemson AL. Health-related quality of life in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: a matched follow-up at least 20 years after treatment with brace or surgery. Eur Spine J 2001;10:278-288. (Pubitemid 32762771)
9. Fallström K, Cochran T, Nachemson A. Long-term effects on personality development in patients adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: influence of type of treatment. Spine 1986;11:756-758. (Pubitemid 17170435)
10. Burt S, Punnett L. Evaluation of interrater reliability for posture in a field study. Appl Ergon 1999;30:121-135. (Pubitemid 29046259)
11. Tyson S. A systematic review of methods to measure posture. Phys Ther Rev 2003;8:45-50. (Pubitemid 36967073)
12. Smania N, Picelli A, Romano M, Negrini S. Neurophysiological basis of rehabilitation of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Disabil Rehabil 2008;30:763-771. (Pubitemid 351586973)
13. Bryan JM, Mosner E SR, Stull MA. Investigation of the validity of postural evaluation skills in assessing lumbar lordosis using photographs of clothed subjects. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 1990;2:24-29.
14. Carr EK, Kenney FD, Wilson-Barrett J, Newham DJ. Interrater reliability of postural observation after stroke. Clin Rehabil 1999;13:229-242. (Pubitemid 29271976)
15. Souchard PE, OllierM. Les scolioses. Paris: É ditions Masson; 2002.
16. Tunnell PW. Postural evaluation of the muscular system through visual inspection. J Bodyw Mov Ther 1996;1:21-27.
17. Tyson SF, DeSouza LH. A clinical model for the assessment of posture and balance in people with stroke. Disabil Rehabil 2003;25:120-126. (Pubitemid 36113718)
18. Fedorak C, Ashworth N, Marshall J, Paull H. Reliability of the visual assessment of cervical and lumbar lordosis: how good are we? Spine 2003;28:1857-1859. (Pubitemid 37012765)
19. Jonsdottir J, Fetters L, Kluzik J. Effects of physical therapy on postural control in children with cerebral palsy. Pediatr Phys Ther 1997;9:68-75. (Pubitemid 27258465)
20. Raso VJ, Lou E, Hill D, Mahood JK, Moreau M, Durdle NG. Trunk distortion in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. J Pediatr Orthop 1998;18(2):222-226.
21. Watson AWS et Mac Donncha C. A reliable technique for the assessment of posture: assessment criteria for aspects of posture. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2000;40:260-270.
22. Redmond AC, Crosbie J, Ouvrier RA. Development and validation of a novel rating system for scoring standing foot posture:The Foot Posture Index. Clin Biomech 2006;21:89-98. (Pubitemid 41728097)
23. Bago J, Climent JM, Pineda S, Gilperez C. Further evaluation of the Walter reed visual assessment scale: Correlation with curve pattern and radiological deformity. Bio Med Central 2007;2(12):1-7.
24. Donaldson S, Hedden D, Stephens D, Alman B, Howard A, Narayanan U, Wright JG. Surgeon reliability in rating physical deformity in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Spine 2007;32(3):363-367. (Pubitemid 46197477)
25. Leblanc R, Labelle H, Forest F, Poitras B. Morphologic discrimination among healthy subjects and patients with progressive and nonprogressive adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Spine 1998;23:1109-1116. (Pubitemid 28272131)
26. Pazos V, Cheriet F, Song L, Labelle H, Dansereau J. Accuracy assessment of human trunk surface 3D reconstructions from an optical digitising system. Med Biol Eng Comput 2005;43:11-15. (Pubitemid 40277660)
27. Zabjek KF, Leroux MA, Coillard C, Rivard CH, Prince F. Evaluation of segmental postural characteristics during quiet standing in control and idiopathic scoliosis patients. Clin Biomech 2005;20:483-490.
28. Hawes MC. The use of exercices in the treatment of scoliosis: an evidence-based critical review of the literature. Pediatric Rehabil 2003;6:171-182. (Pubitemid 38087985)
29. Negrini S, Antonini G, Carabalona R, Minozzi S. Physical exercices as a treatment for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. A systematic review. Pediatric Rehabil 2003;6:227-235. (Pubitemid 38083991)
30. Portney LG, Watkins MP. Foundations of clinical research: applications to practice. 2nd ed.. Upper Saddle River: Julie Alexander; 2000.
31. Akel I, Pekmezci M, Hayran M, Genc Y, Kocak O, Derman O, Erdogan I, Yazici M. Evaluation of shoulder balance in the normal adolescent population and its correlation with radiological parameters. Eur Spine J 2008;17:348-354.
32. Raine SA. Variations of a series of physical characteristics related to the comfortable erect standing posture and how these are affected by age, gender, back pain and physical activity (dissertation). Perth, Western Australia: Curtin University of Technology; 1995.
33. Canhadas Belli JF, Chaves TC, de Oliveira AS, Grossi DB. Analysis of body posture in children with mild to moderate asthma. Eur J pediatr 2009;168:1207-1216.
34. McEvoy MP, Grimmer K. Reliability of upright posture measurements in primary school children. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2005;6:35.
35. Normand MC, Descarreaux M, Harrison DD, Harrison DE, Perron DL, Ferrantelli JR, Janik TJ. Three dimensional evaluation of posture in standing with the PosturePrint: an intra- and inter-examiner reliability study. Chiropr Osteopat 2007;15:15.
36. Perry M, Smith A, Straker L, Coleman J, O'sullivan P. Reliability of sagittal photographic spinal posture assessment in adolescents. Adv Physiother 2008;10:66-75. (Pubitemid 351891258)
37. Pownall PJ, Moran RW, Stewart AM. Consistency of standing and seated posture of asymptomatic male adults over a oneweek interval: a digital camera analysis of multiple landmarks. Int J Osteopath Med 2008;11:43-51.
38. Refshauge K, Goodsell M, Lee M. Consistency of cervical and cervico thoracic posture in standing. Aust J Physiother 1994;40:235-240.
39. van Niekerk SM, Louw Q, Vaughan C, Grimmer-Somers K, Grimmer-Somers K, Schreve K. Photographic measurement of upper-body sitting posture of high school students: A reliability and validity study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2008;9:113.
40. Braun BL, Amundson LR. Quantitative assessment of head and shoulder posture. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1989;70:322-329. (Pubitemid 19110577)
41. Dunk NM, Lalonde J, Callaghan JP. Implications for the use of postural analysis as a clinical diagnostic tool: reliability of quantifying upright standing spinal postures from photographic images. J Manipulative Physiol Ther 2005;28:386-392. (Pubitemid 41127116)
42. Dunk NM, Chung YY, Sullivan Compton S, Callaghan JP. The reliability of quantifying upright standing postures as a baseline diagnostic clinical tool. J Manipulative Physiol Ther 2004;27:91-96. (Pubitemid 38229417)
43. Zonnenberg AJJ, Van Maanen CJ, Elvers JWH, Oostendorp RAB. Intra\interrater reliability of measurements on body posture photographs. Cranio 1996;14:326-331. (Pubitemid 126489832)
44. Johnson G. The correlation between surface measurement of head and neck posture and the anatomic position of the upper cervical vertebrae (diagnostics). Spine 1998;23:921-927. (Pubitemid 28188921)
45. Raine S, Twomey LT. Validation of a non-invasive method of measuring the surface curvature of the erect spine. J Man Manip Ther 1994;2:11-21.
46. Bullock-Saxton J. Postural alignment in standing: a repeatability study. Aust J Physiother 1993;39:25-29. (Pubitemid 23125443)
47. Haight HJ, Dahm DL, Smith J, Krause DA. Measuring standing hindfoot alignment: reliability of goniometric and visual measurements. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2005;86:571-575. (Pubitemid 40326643)
48. Jonson SR, Gross MT. Intraexaminer reliability, interexaminer reliability, and mean values for nine lower extremity skeletal measures in healthy naval midshipmen. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 1997;25:253-263. (Pubitemid 28027680)
49. Trimble MH, Bishop MD, Buckley BD. The relationship between clinical measurements of lower extremity posture and tibial translation. Clin Biomech 2002;17:286-290. (Pubitemid 34556757)
50. Youdas JW, Garrett TR, Harmsen S, Suman VJ, Carey JR. Lumbar lordosis and pelvic inclination of asymptomatic adults. Phys Ther 1996;76:1066-1081. (Pubitemid 26339297)
51. Peterson DE, Blankenship KR, Robb JB, Walker MJ, Bryan JM, Stetts DM, Mincey LM, Simmons GE. Investigation ofthe validity and reliability of four objective techniques for measuring forward shoulder posture. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 1997;25:34-42. (Pubitemid 27009744)
52. Burdett RG, Brown KE, Fall MP. Reliability and validity of four instruments for measuring lumbar spine and pelvic positions. Phys Ther 1986;66:677-684. (Pubitemid 16039147)
53. Robinson I, Dyson R, Halson-Brown S. Reliability of clinical and radiographic measurement of rearfoot alignment in a patient population. Foot 2001;11:2-9. (Pubitemid 32293527)
54. Bierma-Zeinstra SMA, van Gool JCM, Bernsen RMD, Njoo KH. Measuring the sacral inclination angle in clinical practice: Is there an alternative to radiographs? J Manipulative Physiol Ther 2001;24:505-508. (Pubitemid 33029887)
55. Gilliam J, Brunt D, MacMillan M, Kinard RE, Montgomery WJ. Relationship of the pelvic angle to the sacral angle: measurement of clinical reliability and validity. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 1994;20:193-199. (Pubitemid 24292566)
56. Hinman RS, May RL, Crossley KM. Is there an alternative to the full-leg radiograph for determining knee joint alignment in osteoarthritis? Arthritis Rheum 2006;55:306-313.
57. Vanwanseele B, Parker D, Coolican M. Frontal knee alignment. Three-dimensional marker positions and clinical assessment. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2009;467:504-509.
58. Arnold CM, Beatty B, Harrison EL, Olszynski W. The reliability of five clinical postural alignment measures for women with osteoporosis. Physiother Can 2000;Fall:286-294.
59. Gajdosik RL, Simpson R, Smith R, Dontigny RL. Pelvic tilt. Intratester reliability of measuring the standing position and range of motion. Phys Ther 1985;65:169-174. (Pubitemid 15140058)
60. Taylor BA, Ellis E, Haran D. The reliability of measurement of postural alignment to assess muscle tone change. Physiotherapy 1995;81:485-490.
61. Hickey ER, Rondeau MJ, Corrente JR, Abysalh J, Seymour CJ. Reliability of the cervical range of motion (CROM) device and plumb-line techniques in measuring resting head posture (RHP). J Man Manip Ther 2000;8:10-17. (Pubitemid 30214990)
62. Garrett TR, Youdas JW, Madson TJ. Reliability of measuring forward head posture in a clinical setting. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 1993;7:155-160. (Pubitemid 23095459)
63. Lewis JS, Valentine RE. Intraobserver reliability of angular and linear measurements of scapular position in subjects with and without symptoms. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2008;89:1795-1802.
64. Mc Lean IP, GilianMGC, Ross JC. A comparison of methods for measuring trunk list. A simple plumbline is the best. Spine 1996;21:1667-1670. (Pubitemid 26250565)
65. Alviso DJ, Dong GT, Lentell GL. Intertester reliability for measuring pelvic tilt in standing. PhysTher 1988;68:1347-1351. (Pubitemid 19064003)
66. Williams DS, McClay IS. Measurements used to characterize the foot and the medial longitudinal arch: Reliability and Validity. Phys Ther 2000;80:864-871.
67. Menz HB, Munteanu SE. Validity of 3 clinical techniques for the measurement of static foot posture in older people. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2005;35:479-486. (Pubitemid 41161405)
68. Saltzman CL, Nawoczenski DA, Talbot KD. Measurement of the medial longitudinal arch. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1995;76:45-49.
69. Thomson CE. An investigation into the reliability of the valgus index and its validity as a clinical measurement. Foot 1994;4:191-197. (Pubitemid 24361686)
70. Harrison DE, Haas JW, Cailliet R, Harrison DD, Holland B, Janik TJ. Concurrent validity of flexicurve instrument measurements: sagittal skin contour of the cervical spine compared with lateral cervical radiographic measurements. J Manipulative Physiol Ther 2005;28:597-603.
71. Lovell FW, Rothstein JM, Personius WJ. Reliability of clinical measurements of lumbar lordosis taken with a flexible rule. Phys Ther 1989;69:96-103.
72. Hinman MR. Interrater reliability of flexicurve postural measures among novice users. J Back Musculoskeletal Rehabil 2003-2004;17:33-36. (Pubitemid 38578532)
73. Lundon K, Li A, Bibershtein S. Interrater and intrarater reliability in the measurement of kyphosis in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. Spine 1998;23:1978-1985. (Pubitemid 28473494)
74. Rheault W, Ferris S, Foley JA. Intertester reliability of the flexible ruler for the cervical spine. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 1989;10:254-256. (Pubitemid 19027763)
75. Walker ML, Rothstein JM, Finucane SD, Lamb RL. Reliationships between lumbar lordosis, pelvic tilt, and abdominal muscle performance. Phys Ther 1987;67:512-516. (Pubitemid 17066703)
76. Wilner S. Spinal pantograph - A non-invasive technique for describing kyphosis and lordosis in the thoraco-lumbar spine. Acta Orthop Scand 1981;52:525-529.
77. Vaughn DW, Brown EW. The influence of an in-home based therapeutic exercise program on thoracic kyphosis angles. J Back Musculoskeletal Rehabil 2007;20:155-165. (Pubitemid 351516478)
78. Harrison DE, Haas JW, Harrison DD, Holland B, Janik T. Sagittal skin contour of the cervical spine: Interexaminer and intraexaminer reliability of the flexicurve instrument. J Manipulative Physiol Ther 2005;28:516-519. (Pubitemid 41330802)
79. Hart DL, Rose SJ. Reliability of a non-invasive method for measuring the lumbar curve. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 1986;8:180-184. (Pubitemid 17178677)
80. Gajdosik RL, Bohannon RW. Clinical measurement of range of motion. Review of goniometry emphasizing reliability and validity. Phys Ther 1987;67:1867-1872. (Pubitemid 18018131)
81. Mayer TG, Kondraske G, Brady Beals S, Gatchel RJ. Spinal range of motion. Accuracy and sources of error with inclinometer measurement. Spine 1997;22:1976-1984. (Pubitemid 28069125)
82. Lefrançois L. Répercussion de la position neutre de larticulation sous-astragalienne sur le rachis. Bulletin Réé ducation Posturale Globale 1997;59:8-11.
83. Guillaumat M, Lebard JP, Khouri N, Tassin JL. Scoliose idiopathique en période de croissance. É ditions techniques- Encycl Méd Chir (Paris-France), Appareil locomoteur 1991;15874 A10:18 p.
84. Negrini S, Negrini A, Atanasio S, Carabalona R, Grosso C, Santambrogio GC, Sibilla P. Postural variability of clinical parameters evaluated in orthostatic position in idiopathic scoliosis. Eur Med Phys 2001;37:135-142. (Pubitemid 33144140)
85. Peterson L-E, Nachemson AL. Prediction of progression of the curve in girls who have adolescent idiopathic scoliosis of moderate severity. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1995;77-A:823-827.
86. Viitanen JV, Kokko M-L, Heikkilä S, Kautiainen H. Neck mobility assessment in ankylosing spondylitis: a clinical study of nine measurements including new tape methods for cervical rotation and lateral flexion. Br J Rheumatol 1998;37:377-381.
87. Wescott SL, Lowes LP, Richardson PK. Evaluation of postural stability in children: current theories and assessment tools. Phys Ther 1997;77:629-645. (Pubitemid 27259742)
88. Roebroeck ME, Hariaar J, Lankhorst GJ. The application of generalizability theory to reliability assessment: an illustration using isometric force measurements. Phys Ther 1993;73:386-395.
89. Eliasziv M, Young SL, Woodbury MG, Friday-Field K. Statistical methodology for the concurrent assessment of intrarater and interrater reliability: using goniometric measurements as an example. Phys Ther 1994;74(8):777-788. (Pubitemid 24245119)
90. Shrout PE and Fleiss JL. Intraclass correlations: Uses in assessing rater reliability. Psychol Bull 1979;86:420-428.
91. Sahrmann SA. Does postural assessment contribute to patient care? J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2002;32:376-379. (Pubitemid 34831417)
92. Souchard PE. Le champ clos. Paris: Maloine; 1981.