Cardiovascular disease

Ernsting’s Aviation Medicine, Fourth edition

Volumn , Issue , 2006, Pages 567-604

  Joy, Michael ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SURREY   (United Kingdom)

^b Civil Aviation Authority   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 79951657306     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1201/b13238-134     Document Type: Chapter

References (92)

1. ALLHAT Collaborative Research Group. Major outcomes in moderately hypercholesterolemic, hypertensive patients randomized to pravastatin vs usual care. Journal of the American Medical Association 2002: 288: 2998-3007.
2. American College of Cardiology. 1st Bethesda Conference. Standards of fitness of aircrew. American Journal of Cardiology 1966; 18:630-36.
3. American College of Cardiology. 8th Bethesda Conference. Cardiovascular problems associated with aviation safety. American Journal of Cardiology 1975; 36: 573-620.
4. Brignole M, Alboni P, Benditt D, et al. Guidelines on management (diagnosis and treatment) of syncope. Task force on Syncope, European Society of Cardiology. European Heart Journal 2001; 22: 1256-306.
5. Broustet, JP, Douard H, Oysel N, Rougier P, Koch M. What is the predictive value of exercise electrocardiography in the investigation of male aircrew aged 40-60 years old? European Heart Journal 1991; 13 (suppl. H): 59-69.
6. Brown KA. Prognostic value of thallium-201 myocardial perfusion imaging: a diagnostic tool comes of age. Circulation 1991; 83:363-81.
7. Bruce RA, Fisher LD. Exercise enhanced assessment of risk factors for coronary heart disease in healthy men. Journal of Electrocardiology 1987; 20 (suppl. 1): 162-6.
8. Bruschke AVG, Proudfit NL, Sones FM. Progress study of five hundred and ninety consecutive non-surgical cases of coronary artery disease followed 5-9 years. I. Arteriographic correlations. Circulation 1972; 47: 114-53.
9. Bypass Angioplasty Revascularization Investigation (BARI). Comparison of coronary bypass surgery with angioplasty in patients with multi-vessel disease. New England Journal of Medicine 1996; 335: 217-25.
10. CABRI. First-year results of CABRI (Coronary Angioplasty versus Bypass Revascularization Investigation). Lancet 1995; 346:1179-84.
11. Campbell RWF. Ventricular rhythm disturbances in the normal heart. European Heart Journal 1992; 13 (suppl. H): 139-43.
12. Cardiology Committee of the Royal College of Physicians of London. Report of the Working Party of the Cardiology Committee of the Royal College of Physicians of London. Cardiovascular fitness of airline pilots. British Heart Journal 1978; 40: 335-50.
13. Chaitman BK, Davis KB, Dodge HT, et al. Should airline pilots be eligible to resume flight status after coronary artery bypass surgery? A CASS registry study. Journal of the American College of Cardiologists 1986; 8: 1318-24.
14. Cohen M, Fuster V, Steele PM, et al. Coarctation of the aorta: longterm follow-up and prediction of outcome after surgical correction. Circulation 1989; 80: 840-45.
15. Cullen SE, Celermajer DS, Franklin RC, et al. Prognostic significance of ventricular arrhythmias after repair of tetralogy of Fallot: a 12 year prospective study. Journal of the American College of Cardiologists 1994; 23 1151-5.
16. Darbar D, Gillespie N, Main G, et al. Prediction of late cardiac events by dipyridamole thallium scintigraphy in patients with intermittent claudication and occult coronary artery disease. American Journal of Cardiology 1996; 78: 736-40.
17. De Backer G, Ambrosioni E, Borch JK, et al. European guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice. Third Joint Task Force of European and Other Societies on Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Clinical Practice. European Journal of Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation 2003; 10: S1-10.
18. Department of Trade and Industry. Trident 1 G-ARPI. Civil Aircraft Accident Report, 4-73. London: HMSO, 1973.
19. Downs JR, Clearfield M, Weis S, et al. Primary prevention of acute coronary events with lovastatin in men and women with average cholesterol levels: results of AFCAPS/TexCAPS. Journal of the American Medical Association 1998; 279: 1615-22.
20. Doyle JT, Kannel WB, McNamarra PM, et al. Factors relating to suddenness of death from coronary disease: combined Albany-Framingham studies. American Journal of Cardiology 1976; 37: 1073-8.
21. Dubach P, Froelicher VF, Klein J, Detrano R. Use of the exercise test to predict prognosis after coronary artery bypass grafting. American Journal of Cardiology 1989; 63: 530-33.
22. European Atrial Fibrillation Consensus Conference. What is known, what is currently accepted, and what needs to be proven in atrial fibrillation? European Heart Journal 2003; 5 (suppl.): H1-55.
23. Evans SE, Cooke JNC. Cardiac effects of anthracycline treatment and their implications for aeromedical certification. Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine 2003; 74: 1003-8.
24. Fenton A, Hammill SC, Rea R, et al. Vasovagal syncope. Annals of Internal Medicine 2000; 133: 714-25.
25. Fitzsimmons PJ, McWhirter PD, Peterson DW, Kruyer WB. The natural history of Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome in 228 military aviators: a long-term follow-up of 22 years. American Heart Journal 2001; 142: 530-36.
26. Fleming HA. Cardiac sarcoidosis. In: James DG (ed.). Sarcoidosis and the Granulomatous Disorders, Vol. 73. New York: Marcel Decker, 1994; p. 323.
27. Gibbons RJ, Balady GJ, Beasley JW, et al. ACC/AHA guidelines for exercise testing: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Committee on Exercise Testing). Journal of the American College of Cardiology 1997; 30: 260-315.
28. Hachamovitch R, Hayes S, Friedman JD, et al. Determinants of risk and its temporal variation in patients with normal stress myocardial perfusion scans: what is the warranty period of a normal scan? Journal of the American College of Cardiologists 2003; 41: 1329-40.
29. Heart Protection Study Collaborative Group. MRC/BHF Heart Protection Study of cholesterol lowering with simvastatin in 20, 536 high-risk individuals: a randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 2002; 360: 7-22.
30. Hickman JR, Tolan GD, Gray GW, Hull DH. Clinical aerospace cardiovascular and pulmonary medicine. In: DeHart RL (ed.). Fundamentals of Aerospace Medicine, 2nd edn. Baltimore:Williams and Wilkins, 1996; pp. 463-518.
31. Hilla RA, Dundara Y, Bakhaib A, Dicksona R Walleya T. Drug-eluting stents: an early systematic review to inform policy. European Heart Journal 2004; 25: 902-19.
32. Hiss RG, Lamb LE. Electrocardiographic findings in 122, 043 individuals. Circulation 1962; 25: 947-83.
33. Imamura H, Nishiyama S, Nakanishi S, Seki A. Influence of residual antegrade coronary blood flow on the long term prognosis of medically treated patients with myocardial infarction and single vessel disease. Japanese Heart Journal 1997; 38: 27-38.
34. International Civil Aviation Organization. International Standards and Recommended Practices (ISARPSs). Personnel Licensing. Annex 1 to the Convention on International Civil Aviation. Montreal:International Civil Aviation Organization, 2001.
35. Iskandrian AS, Chae SC, Heo J, et al. Independent and incremental prognostic value of exercise single photon computed tomographic (SPECT) thallium imaging in coronary artery disease. Journal of the American College of Cardiologists 1993; 22: 665-70.
36. Joint Aviation Authorities. Joint Aviation Requirements FCL Part 3 Medical. Hooddorp: Joint Aviation Authorities, 1998.
37. Joy M. Cardiovascular fitness to fly and to drive: an interface between cardiology and some statutory fitness requirements. In:Julian DG, Camm AJ, Fox KM, Hall RJC, Poole-Wilson PA (eds). Diseases of the Heart. London: Baillière-Tindall, 1989; pp. 1574-606.
38. Joy M (ed.). The first European Workshop in Aviation Cardiology. European Heart Journal 1992; 13: (suppl. H): 1-175.
39. Joy M. Vocational aspects of coronary artery disease. In: Weatherall DJ, Ledingham JGG, Worrell DA (eds). Oxford Textbook of Medicine, 3rd edn. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996; pp. 2356-62.
40. Joy M (ed.). The second European Workshop in Aviation Cardiology. European Heart Journal 1999; suppls. D: 1-D136.
41. Joy M. Certificatory aspects of the long QT syndrome (LQTS) in the UK: a 10 year perspective. Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine 2004; 75; B92.
42. Joy M, Bennett G (eds). The first United Kingdom Workshop in Aviation Cardiology. European Heart Journal 1984; 5 (suppl. A):1-164.
43. Joy M, Bennett G (eds). The second United Kingdom Workshop in Aviation Cardiology. European Heart Journal 1988; 9 (suppl. G):1-179.
44. Joy M, Broustet J-P. Cardiovascular fitness to fly and drive: the interface between cardiology and statutory fitness requirements. In: Julian DG, Camm AJ, Fox KM, Hall RJC, Poole-Wilson PA (eds). Diseases of the Heart, 2nd edn. London: Baillière-Tindall, 1996; pp. 1517-33.
45. Joy M, Trump DW. Significance of minor ST-segment and T wave changes in the resting electrocardiogram of asymptomatic subjects. British Heart Journal 1981; 45: 48-55.
46. Kannel WB, Feinleib M, Dawber TR. The unrecognised myocardial infarction: fourteen year follow up experience in the Framingham study. Geriatrics 1970; 25: 75-87.
47. Kasper EK, Agema WRP, Hutchins GM, et al. The causes of dilated cardiomyopathy: a clinicopathologic review of 673 consecutive patients. Journal of the American College of Cardiologists 1996; 23: 586-90.
48. Kwok Y, Kim C, Grady D, et al. Meta-analysis of exercise testing to detect coronary artery disease in women. American Journal of Cardiology 1999; 83: 660-66.
49. Legrand V, Raskinet, B, Laarman G, et al. Diagnostic value of exercise electrocardiography and angina after coronary artery stenting. Benestent Study Group. American Heart Journal 1997; 133:240-48.
50. Long-Term Intervention with Pravastatin Group in Ischaemic Disease (LIPID) Study Group. Prevention of cardiovascular events and death with pravastatin in patients with coronary heart disease and a broad range of initial cholesterol levels. New England Journal of Medicine 1998; 339: 1349-57.
51. Loop FD, Little VW, Cosgrove DM, et al. Influence of the mammary artery graft on ten year survival and other cardiac events. New England Journal of Medicine 1986; 314: 1-6.
52. Mark DB, Shaw L, Howe FE, et al. Prognostic value of a treadmill exercise score in outpatients with suspected coronary artery disease. New England Journal of Medicine 1991; 325: 849-53.
53. Marsalese DL, Moodie DS, Lytle BW, et al. Cystic medial necrosis of the aorta in patients without Marfan’s syndrome: surgical outcome and long-term follow up. Journal of the American College of Cardiologists 1990; 16: 68-73.
54. McHenry PL, O’Donnell J, Morris SN, Jordan JJ. The abnormal exercise electrocardiogram in apparently healthy men: a predictor of angina pectoris as an initial coronary event during long term follow up. Circulation 1984; 70: 547-51.
55. McKenna WJ, Behr EB. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: management, risk stratification, and prevention of sudden death. Heart 2002; 87: 169-76.
56. Mitchell SJ, Evans AD. Flight safety and medical incapacitation risk of airline pilots. Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine 2004; 75: 260-68.
57. Morise AP. Are the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guidelines for exercise testing for suspected coronary artery disease correct? Chest 2000; 118: 535-41.
58. Morris CD, Menashe VD. 25-year mortality after surgical repair of congenital heart defect in childhood: a population-based cohort study. Journal of the American Medical Association 1991; 266:3447-52.
59. Mukai S, Yao H, Miyamoto M, et al. The long-term follow up results of elective surgical treatment for abdominal aortic aneurysm. Annals of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 2002; 8: 39-41.
60. Murphy JG, Gersh BJ, Warnes CA. The late survival after surgical repair of isolated ventricular septal defect (VSD). Circulation 1989; 80 (suppl. II): 1-490.
61. Murphy JG, Gersh BJ, Mair DD, et al. Long-term outcome in patients undergoing surgical repair of tetralogy of Fallot. New England Journal of Medicine 1993; 329: 593-9.
62. O’Rourke RA, Brundage BA, Froelicher VF, et al. American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association expert consensus document on electron-beam computed tomography for the diagnosis and prognosis of coronary artery disease. Journal of the American College of Cardiologists 2000; 36: 326-40.
63. Parker DJ. Long term morbidity and mortality after aortic and mitral valve replacement with tissue valves and certification to fly. European Heart Journal 1988; 9 (suppl. G): 153-7.
64. Patel CRK, Bhopal RS. The Epidemic of Coronary Heart Disease in South Asian Populations: Causes and Consequences. Birmingham:South Asian Health Foundation, 2003.
65. Pedersen TR. Randomised trial of cholesterol lowering in 4444 patients with coronary heart disease; the Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study. Lancet 1994; 344: 1383-9.
66. Perier P, Stumpf J, Gotz C, et al. Valve repair for mitral regurgitation caused by isolated prolapse of the posterior leaflet. Annals of Thoracic Surgery 1997; 64: 445-50.
67. Perrier EH, Doireau P, Carlioz R, et al. Typical Brugada-type EKG issued of an aeronautical population: epidemiological data, clinical and aero-medical concerns. Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine 2003; 74: 390.
68. Petersen S, Peto V, Rayner M. Coronary Heart Disease Statistics. London: British Heart Foundation, 2003.
69. Pitt B, Waters D, Brown WV, et al. Aggressive lipid-lowering therapy compared with angioplasty in stable coronary artery disease. New England Journal of Medicine 1999; 341: 70-76.
70. Pocock SJ, Henderson RA, Rickards AF, et al. Meta-analysis of randomized trials comparing coronary angioplasty with bypass surgery. Lancet 1995; 346: 1184-9.
71. Postma A, Bink-Boelkens MT, Beaufort-Krol GC, et al. Late cardiotoxicity after treatment for a malignant bone tumour. Medical and Pediatric Oncology 1996; 26: 230-37.
72. Pressler V, McNamara JJ. Aneurysm of the thoracic aorta: review of 260 cases. Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 1985; 89: 50-58.
73. Priori SG, Aliot E, Blomstrom-Lundqvist C. Task Force on Sudden Cardiac Death: the European Society of Cardiology. European Heart Journal 2001; 22: 1374-450.
74. Priori SG, Schwartz CN, Napolitano C, et al. Risk stratification in the long QT syndrome. New England Journal of Medicine 2003; 348:1866-74.
75. Rabkin SW, Mathewson FAL, Tate RB. Natural history of left bundle branch block. British Heart Journal 1980; 43: 164-9.
76. Rahimtoola SH. Choice of prosthetic heart valve for adult patients. Journal of the American College of Cardiologists 2003; 41:894-904.
77. Serruys PW, Unger F, Sousa JE, et al. Comparison of coronary-artery bypass surgery and stenting for the treatment of multi-vessel disease. New England Journal of Medicine 2001; 344: 1117-24.
78. Sever PS, Dahlöf B, Poulter NP, et al. Prevention of coronary and stroke events with atorvostatin in hypertensive patients who have average or lower-than-average cholesterol concentrations, in the Anglo Scandinavian Cardiac Outcomes Trial - Lipid Lowering Arm (ASCOT-LLA): a multi-centre randomized controlled trial. Lancet 2003; 361: 1149-58.
79. Steinherz LJ, Steinherz PG, Tan CTC. Cardiac failure and dysrhythmia 9-16 years after anthracycline therapy: a series of 15 patients. Medical and Pediatric Oncology 1995; 24: 352-61.
80. Svennson LG, Crawford ES, Coselli JS, et al. Impact of cardiovascular operation on survival in the Marfan patient. Circulation 1989; 80: 1233-42.
81. Sutton R. Vasovagal syncope: prevalence and presentation. European Heart Journal 1999; (suppls): D109-13.
82. Toff WD, Camm AJ. Ventricular pre-excitation and professional aircrew licensing. European Heart Journal 1992; 13 (suppl. H):149-61.
83. Totaro P, Tulumello E, Fellini O, et al. Mitral valve repair for isolated prolapse of the anterior leaflet: an 11-year follow up. European Journal of Cardiothoracic Surgery 1999; 15: 119-26.
84. Tunstall-Pedoe H. Risk of a coronary heart attack in the normal population and how it might be modified in flyers. European Heart Journal 1984; 5 (suppl. A): 43-9.
85. Verheugt FWA, Antman EM. Anticoagulation in cardiac disease: new data - new options. European Heart Journal 2004; 6 (suppl.):B1-B26.
86. Webb-Peploe MM. Obliterative and restrictive cardiomyopathies. European Heart Journal 1988; 9 (suppl. G): 159-67.
87. Webb-Peploe MM. Mitral leaflet prolapse: aspects of fitness to fly. European Heart Journal 1992; 13 (suppl. H): 117-29.
88. West of Scotland Coronary Prevention Study Group. Prevention of coronary heart disease with pravastatin in men with hypercholesterolaemia. New England Journal of Medicine 1995; 333: 1301-7.
89. Wilde AAM, Antzelevitch C, Borggrefe M, et al. Proposed diagnostic criteria for the Brugada syndrome. European Heart Journal 2002; 23: 1648-54.
90. Xhang L, Timothy KW, Vincent GM, et al. Spectrum of ST-T-wave patterns and repolarization parameters in congenital long QT syndrome: ECG finding identify genotypes. Circulation 2000; 102: 2849-55.
91. Yap Y, Duong T, Bland M, et al. Left ventricular ejection fraction in the thrombolytic era remains a powerful predictor of long-term but not short-term all-cause, cardiac and arrhythmic mortality after myocardial infarction: a secondary meta-analysis of 2, 828 patients. Heart 2000; 83: 55-60.
92. Zarr SP, Pickard J, Besich WJ, Thompson BT, Kruyer WB. Normal coronary angiography versus luminal irregularity only: is there a difference? Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine 2004; 75: B91-2.