Policies and regulations for Brazil's artisanal gold mining sector: Analysis and recommendations

Journal of Cleaner Production

Volumn 19, Issue 6-7, 2011, Pages 742-750

  Sousa, Rodolfo ^a   Veiga, Marcello ^a   Van Zyl, Dirk ^a   Telmer, Kevin ^b   Spiegel, Sam ^c   Selder, Jeff ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA   (Canada)

^b UNIVERSITY OF VICTORIA   (Canada)

^c UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Artisanal small scale gold mining; Brazilian Amazon; Garimpo; Legislation; Mercury; Policy

Indexed keywords

BRAZILIAN AMAZON; GARIMPO; GOLD MINING; LEGISLATION; MERCURY; POLICY;

ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS; GOLD; MERCURY (METAL); MINERS; PUBLIC POLICY;

GOLD MINES;

EID: 79951575914     PISSN: 09596526     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2010.12.001     Document Type: Article

References (56)

1. Barreto, M.L.; 2000. Garimpo de ouro no Brasil: desafios da legalizaão. Tese de doutorado. Escola Politécnica da Universidade de São Paulo.
2. M.L. Barreto Mining and Sustainable Development: Challenges for Brazil 2001 CETEM/MCT Rio de Janeiro p. 215
3. M.L. Barreto Formalizaão da mineraão de pequena escala (MPE) na América Latina e Caribe Available at 2003 http://www.idrc.ca/uploads/ user-S/11205706181form-barreto.pdf (accessed 01.01.10) (in Portuguese)
4. Brandi, I.V.; 1994. "Estudo da efetividade dos planos de recuperaão de áreas degradadas (PRADs) de atividade de explotaão de minério de ferro na região do quadrilátero ferrífero - MG". Escola de Engenharia de São Carlos (USP), p. 114. Master dissertation.
5. COMTRADE http://comtrade.un.org/db/default.aspx 2010 (accessed 25.01.10)
6. DNPM (Departamento Nacional da Produão Mineral) http://www.dnpm.gov.br/ 2010 (accessed 10.01.10)
7. Federal Constitution of Brazil Available at http://www.planalto.gov.br/ ccivil-03/constituicao/constitui%C3%A7ao.htm 1988 2010 (accessed 01.10.10)
8. FNAP - Fórum Nacional de Áreas Protegidas (Protected Areas National Forum) Pilares para o Plano de Sustentabilidade Financeira do Sistema Nacional de Unidades de Conservaão (SNUC) 2007 Grupo Temático de Sustentabilidade Financeira (in Portuguese)
9. GMP - Global Mercury Project http://www.globalmercuryproject.org/ 2010 (accessed 05.05.10)
10. J. Graulau Peasant mining production as a development strategy: the case of women in gold mining in the Brazilian Amazon European Review of Latin American and Caribbean Studies 71 2001 71 104
11. A.P.F.V. Guimarães The Gold "garimpos"(mines) - The Madeira River as a Case Study. Internal Report for the GMP 2004 Global Mercury Project Manaus, Brazil
12. A.E. Gurgel Uma lei para inglês ver: a história da lei de 7 de novembro de 1831 Revista Justia & História vol. 6 2007 TJRS Porto Alegre 128 165 n.o. 11 (in Portuguese)
13. Loren J. Habegger, L.E. Fernandez, M. Engle, James L. Bailey, David P. Peterson, and Margaret M. MacDonell Technology Demonstration for Reducing Mercury Emissions from Small-Scale Gold Refining Facilities, ANL/EVS/TM/08-6, Prepared by the Environmental Science Division 2008 Argonne National Laboratory for the U.S. Environmental
14. G. Hilson Defining 'Cleaner production' and 'pollution prevention' in the mining context Minerals Engineering 16 4 2003 305 321
15. G. Hilson Strengthening artisanal mining research and policy through Baseline Census activities Natural Resources Forum 29 2 2005 144 153 (Pubitemid 40829935)
16. G. Hilson What is wrong with the global support Facility for small-scale mining? Progress in Development Studies 7 3 2007 235 249
17. G. Hilson, and R. Vieira Challenges with minimizing mercury pollution in the small-scale gold mining sector: experiences from the Guianas International Journal of Environmental Health Research 17 6 2007 429 441 (Pubitemid 350135747)
18. G. Hilson, C.J. Hilson, and S. Pardie Improving awareness of mercury pollution in small-scale gold mining communities: challenges and ways Forward in Rural Ghana Environmental Research 103 2 2007 275 287 (Pubitemid 46137966)
19. INPE - Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (Brazilian National Institute of Spatial Research) http://www.obt.inpe.br/prodes/prodes-1988-2007. htm 2007 (accessed 09.05.08)
20. Jurisambiente, 2009. The Polluter Payer Principle. http://www. jurisambiente.com.br/ambiente/principios.shtm (accessed 10.01.10).
21. B. Labonne, and J. Gilman Towards Building Sustainable Livelihoods in the Artisanal Mining Communities. Paper Presented at the Tripartite Meeting on Social and Labour Issues in Small-scale Mines 1999 ILO Geneva pp. 17-21.
22. H.M. Lima, J.C. Flores, and F.L. Costa Plano de recuperaão de áreas degradadas versus plano de fechamento de mina: um estudo comparativo Revista da Escola de Minas 59 4 2006 Ouro Preto, Brazil. (in Portuguese)
23. I.F. Machado, and S.F. Figueirôa 500 years of mining in Brazil: a brief review Resources Policy 27 2001 9 24 (Pubitemid 32548497)
24. O. Maponga, and C.F. Ngorima Overcoming environmental problems in the gold panning sector through legislation and education: the Zimbabwean experience Journal of Cleaner Production 11 2003 147 157 (Pubitemid 35349828)
25. A. Mathis Report in Reference to São Chico and Creporizinho Mining Sites. Internal Report for UNIDO 2003 United Nations Industrial Development Organization Brazil p. 79
26. Metalprices http://www.metalprices.com/FreeSite/metals/hg/hg.asp 2009 (accessed 30.12.09)
27. E. Milaré Direito Do Ambiente - A Gestao Ambiental Em Foco - Doutrina - Jurisprudencia - Glossario sixth ed. 2009 Revista dos Tribunais p. 1344. (in Portuguese)
28. D.R. Morrey, and D. Van Zyl Including uncertainty in mine closure 5th Western Regional Conference on Precious Metals, Coal and the Environment 1994 Society for Mining, Metallurgy and Exploration Black Hills, South Dakota
29. A.U. Oliveira Integrar para não entregar: políticas públicas e Amazônia 1988 Papirus Editora Campinas, SP, Brazil p. 107. (in portuguese)
30. A.I. Oliveira Conselho Empresarial Brasileiro para o Desenvolvimento Sustentável Available at 2005 http://www.cebds.org.br/cebds/la-ctleg.asp (accessed 10.12.09)
31. PAS - Sustainable Amazon Plan 2008 Available at http://comissao. amazonianet.org.br/pub/publicacoes/d2b12f44dac5cad8b133fd0d7e9357d0. pdfPetersonG.D (accessed 10.01.10)
32. G. Peterson, and M. Heemskerk Deforestation and forest regeneration following small-scale gold mining in the Amazon: the case of Suriname Environmental Conservation 28 2 2001 117 126 (Pubitemid 32661732)
33. A. Procopio Subdesenvolvimento Sustentavel third ed. 2008 Curitiba. p. 336
34. Projeto Rondon 2010 http://www.projetorondon.org.br/ (accessed 05.05.10)
35. Ribeiro, C.A.A.S. 2006. Internal report for UNIDO - United Nations for Industrial Development Organization/Global Mercury Project. Delineation of the Permanent Preservation Areas in the Tapajós River Basin: Toward Environmental Compliance on Artisanal Gold Mining Areas. p. 27.
36. SECTAM - Secretary of Science, Technology and Environment of the State of Para http://www.sectam.pa.gov.br/legislacao.php 2010 (accessed 10.01.10)
37. SEMMA - Mining and Environment Secretary of Itaituba Municipality - Brazil, 2006. Internal report.
38. S. Siegel, and M.M. Veiga Artisanal and small scale mining as an extralegal economy: de Soto and the redefinition of formalization Resources Policy 2008 10.1016/ j.resourpol.2008.02.001
39. G.J. Sirotheau, and M.L. Barreto Eficiência da legislaão ambiental. Um estudo comparativo G.J. Sirotheau, Mineraão e desenvolvimento sustentável; aspectos econômicos e sociais. Technical report no 23 Rio de Janeiro: CETEM/CNPq 1999 (in Portuguese)
40. R.N. Sousa, and M.M. Veiga Implementing programs to improve gold recovery and reduce environmental impacts by artisanal gold mining in Brazil Proc. 31st Annual British Columbia Mine Reclamation Symposium 2007 Squamish, BC, Sep/07. 17-20. p. 10
41. R.N. Sousa, and M.M. Veiga Garimpo Canaan - A successful case of reclamation of an artisanal gold mine in the Amazon Proc. 32nd Annual British Columbia Mine Reclamation Symposium 2008 Kamloops, BC, Sep/2008. TP15. p. 12
42. R.N. Sousa, and M.M. Veiga Using performance indicators to Evaluate an environmental education program in artisanal gold mining communities in the Brazilian Amazon AMBIO 38 1 2009 40 46
43. S.J. Spiegel Deforestation: Call for Justice, not Militarization Nature 453 2008 280 (Pubitemid 351693103)
44. S.J. Spiegel Resource policies and small-scale gold mining in Zimbabwe Resources Policy 34 2009 39 44
45. S.J. Spiegel Socioeconomic Dimensions of mercury pollution Abatement: Engaging artisanal mining communities in Sub-Saharan Africa Ecological Economics 68 12 2009 3072 3083
46. S.J. Spiegel, and M.M. Veiga Building capacity in small-scale mining communities: health, ecosystem Sustainability and the global mercury project EcoHealth 2 4 2005 1 10
47. S.J. Spiegel, and M.M. Veiga International guidelines on mercury management in small-scale gold mining Journal of Cleaner Production 18 2010 375 385
48. S.J. Spiegel, A. Yassi, J. Spiegel, and M.M. Veiga Reducing mercury and Responding to the global gold Rush The Lancet 366 2005 2070 2072 (Pubitemid 41797635)
49. S.J. Spiegel, O. Savornin, D. Shoko, and M.M. Veiga Mercury Reduction in Munhena, Mozambique: Homemade solutions and the social context for Change International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Health 12 2006 215 221 (Pubitemid 44289952)
50. SUDAM (Superintendencia para o Desenvolvimento da Amazonia) http://www.sudam.gov.br/ 2010 (accessed 10.01.10)
51. Telmer, K.; Veiga, M.M. 2008. World emissions of mercury from small scale artisanal gold mining and the knowledge gaps about them. In: Global Partnership of Mercury Air Transport and Fate Research.
52. UNIDO - United Nations Industrial Development Organization Summary of the Environmental and Health Assessment Reports Compiled by A.J.Gunson et al 2006 The Global Mercury Project www.globalmercuryproject.org
53. UNIDO - United Nations Industrial Development Organization Global Mercury Project Website http://www.globalmercuryproject.org/ 2009 accessed 05.08.09)
54. M.M. Veiga, and J.J. Hinton Abandoned artisanal gold mines in the Amazon: a legacy of mercury pollution Natural Resources Forum 26 2002 15 26 (Pubitemid 34264936)
55. WWF - World Wildlife Foundation - Brasil http://www.wwf.org.br/ 2010 (accessed 05.05.10.)
56. Zeromercury.org http://www.zeromercury.org/ 2010 (accessed 10.01.10.)