HIV in the epicenter of the epicenter: HIV and drug use among criminal justice populations in New York city, 1980-2007

Substance Use and Misuse

Volumn 46, Issue 2-3, 2011, Pages 159-170

  Freudenberg, Nicholas ^a  

^a CITY UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK   (United States)

Author keywords

criminal justice; HIV infection; jail; policy; substance use

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; EPIDEMIC; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; OFFENDER; PREVALENCE; PRISON; PRISONER; STATISTICS; SUBSTANCE ABUSE; UNITED STATES;

CRIMINALS; EPIDEMICS; HIV INFECTIONS; HIV SEROPOSITIVITY; HUMANS; NEW YORK CITY; PREVALENCE; PRISONERS; PRISONS; SUBSTANCE ABUSE, INTRAVENOUS;

EID: 79951575069     PISSN: 10826084     EISSN: 15322491     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3109/10826084.2011.521460     Document Type: Article

References (84)

1. AIDS Research/HIV Serosurvey Program.(2001).HIV seroprevalence update, 1999.New York City Department of Health.Retrieved December 2, 2008, from
2. Arrestee Drug Abuse Monitoring.(2003).2000 Arrestee Drug Abuse Monitoring: Annual report.Washington, DC: National Institute of Justice.
3. Belenko, S., Langley, S., Crimmins, S., & Chaple, M.(2004).HIV risk behaviors, knowledge, and prevention education among offenders under community supervision: A hidden risk group.AIDS Education and Prevention, 16(4), 367-385. (Pubitemid 39100876)
4. Belenko, S., & Peugh, J.(2005).Estimating drug treatment needs among state prison inmates.Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 77(3), 269-281. (Pubitemid 40283529)
5. Belenko, S.R., Shedlin, M., & Chaple, M.(2005).HIV risk behaviors, knowledge, and prevention service experiences among African American and other offenders.Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved, 16(4 Suppl.B), 108-129. (Pubitemid 41812984)
6. Bennani, Y., Parvez, F., Forgione, L., Herrera, J., Torian, L., & Gbur, M., for the New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene.(2008).Undiagnosed HIV infection among New York City jail entrants, 2006: Results of a blinded serosurvey.Poster session presented at the 15th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections, Boston, MA.Retrieved December 2, 2008, from Abstracts/32949.htm
7. Birkhead, G.S., & Wright, L.N.(2007, January).Prison and jail health.Paper presented at the Third Thursday Breakfast Broadcast, Albany, NY.Retrieved December 2, 2008, from http://www.albany.edu/sph/coned/t2b20107.pdf
8. Blank, S.,McDonnell, D.D., Rubin, S.R., Neal, J.J., Brome,M.W., Masterson, M.B., et al.(1997).New approaches to syphilis control: Finding opportunities for syphilis treatment and congenital syphilis prevention in a women's correctional setting.Sexually Transmitted Diseases, 24(9), 218-228.
9. Blankenship, K.M., Smoyer, A.B., Bray, S.J., & Mattocks, K.(2005).Black-White disparities in HIV/AIDS: The role of drug policy and the corrections system.Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved, 16(4 Suppl.B), 140-156. (Pubitemid 41812986)
10. Boudin, K., Carrero, I., Clark, J., Flournoy, V., Loftin, K., Martindale, S., et al.(1999).ACE: A peer education and counseling program meets the needs of incarcerated women with HIV/AIDS issues.Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care, 10(6), 90-98.
11. Brien, P.M., & Harlow, C.W.(1995).Bureau of justice statistics bulletin: HIV in prisons and jails, 1993.Office of Justice Programs Publication No.NCJ 152765.Washington, DC: US Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs.Retrieved December 2, 2008, from
12. Case Management Society of America.(n.d.).Definition of case management.Retrieved December 2, 2008, from Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.(1996).HIV/AIDS education and prevention programs for adults in prisons and jails and juveniles in confinement facilities-United States, 1994.MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 45(13), 268-271.
13. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.(1999).Decrease in AIDS-related mortality in a state correctional system-New York, 1995-1998.MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 47(51-52), 1115-1117.
14. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.(2006).HIV transmission among male inmates in a state prison system-Georgia, 1992-2005.MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 55(15), 421-426.
15. Christian, N.M.(2003, May 17).Job security a thing of the past for city workers.The New York Times p.B1.
16. City of New York, Mayor's Office of Operations.(1980).The Mayor's management report.New York: Author
17. City of New York, Mayor's Office of Operations.(2001).The Mayor's management report.New York: Author.
18. Cunningham, C.O., Sanchez, J.P., Li, X., Heller, D., & Sohler, N.L.(2008).Medical and support service utilization in a medical program targeting marginalized HIV-infected individuals.Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved, 19(3), 981-990.
19. Daniels, J., Crum, M., Ramaswamy, M., & Freudenberg, N.(2009, April 3).Creating REAL MEN: Description of an intervention to reduce drug use, HIV risk, and rearrest among young men returning to urban communities from jail.Health Promot Pract Retrieved September 20, 2010, from http://hpp.sagepub. com/content/early/2009/04/03/1524839909331910.long [Epub ahead of print]
20. Dean, H.D., Lansky, A., Fleming, P.L.(2002).HIV surveillance methods for the incarcerated population.AIDS Education and Prevention, 14(5 Suppl.B), 65-74. (Pubitemid 35204850)
21. Feldman, C.(2007, July 27).In new state law, a wait-free return to Medicaid rolls after prison.The New York Times p.B1.
22. Finder, A.(1987, April 14).New York inmates will get condoms as they leave jail.The New York Times p.B6.
23. Florio, S., Bellin, E., Safyer, S., & Fletcher, D.(1992, July).HIV infection in the New York City jails: A voluntary program.Paper presented at the International Conference on AIDS.Retrieved December 2, 2008, from
24. Freudenberg, N.(2001).Jails, prisons, and the health of urban populations: A review of the impact of the correctional system on community health.Journal of Urban Health, 78(2), 214-235. (Pubitemid 32545526)
25. Freudenberg, N., Moseley, J., Labriola, M., Daniels, J., & Murrill, C.(2007).Comparison of health and social characteristics of people leaving New York City jails by age, gender, and race/ethnicity: Implications for public health interventions.Public Health Reports, 122(6), 733-743.
26. Gaiter, J.L., Potter, R.H., & O'Leary, A.(2006).Disproportionate rates of incarceration contribute to health disparities.American Journal of Public Health, 96(7), 1148-1149. (Pubitemid 43967831)
27. Galea, S., Ahern, J., & Vlahov, D.(2003).Contextual determinants of drug use risk behavior: A theoretic framework.Journal of Urban Health, 80(4 Suppl.3), 50-58.
28. Gielen, A.C., Ghandour, R.M., Burke, J.G.,Mahoney, P.,McDonnell, K.A.,&O'Campo, P.(2007).HIV/AIDS and intimate partner violence: Intersecting women's health issues in the United States.Trauma, Violence & Abuse, 8(2), 178-198.
29. Golub, A.L., & Johnson, B.D.(1999).Cohort changes in illegal drug use among arrestees in Manhattan: From the heroin injection generation to the blunts generation.Substance Use & Misuse, 34(13), 1733-1763. (Pubitemid 29503117)
30. Golub, A., Liberty, H.J., & Johnson, B.D.(2005).The variation in arrestees' disclosure of recent drug use across locations, drugs, and demographic characteristics.Journal of Drug Issues, 35(4), 917-940. (Pubitemid 43010518)
31. Gray, M.(2009, April 2).A brief history of New York's Rockefeller drug laws.Time.Retrived July 1, 2009, from .time.com/time/nation/article/0,8599, 1888864,00.html#ixzz0sQdIckE1
32. Gross, C.(2008).Rating health care behind bars.Gotham Gazette.Retrieved December 2, 2008, from .com/article/issueoftheweek/20080602/9/2549
33. Guillén,M.F., & Perrow, C.(1990).The AIDS disaster: The failure of organizations in New York and the nation.New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
34. Hammett, T.M.(2006).HIV/AIDS and other infectious diseases among correctional inmates: Transmission, burden, and an appropriate response.American Journal of Public Health, 96(6), 974-978. (Pubitemid 43825263)
35. Iguchi, M.Y., Bell, J., Ramchand, R.N., & Fain, T.(2005).How criminal system racial disparities may translate into health disparities.Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved, 16(4 Suppl.B), 48-56. (Pubitemid 41812980)
36. Jacobson, M.(2005).Downsizing prisons: How to reduce crime and end mass incarceration.New York: New York University Press.
37. Jeffers, J.L.(1989).Crisis or opportunity? The New York City experience of managing AIDS.New York: New York City Department of Correction.Retrieved December 2, 2008, from
38. Johnson, R.C.,&Raphael, S.(2006).The effects of male incarceration dynamics on AIDS infection rates among African American women and men.Working Paper 22.Ann Arbor, MI: National Poverty Center, University of Michigan
39. Jordan, A.O., for the New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene.(2008).Special projects of national significance: Planned reintegration opportunities to gain release & access medical care.Paper presented at Enhancing Linkages to HIV primary Care in Jail Settings GranteeMeeting, Rockville, MD.Retrieved December 2, 2008, from .enhancelink.org/sites/ hivjailstudy/Gallery/New%20York/NYC.Ppt
40. Kaye, J.S.(2006).Criminal justice system handbook.New York State Unified Court System.Retrieved December 2, 2008, from anchor101177
41. Klein, S.J., O'Connell, D.A., Devore, B.S.,Wright, L.N., & Birkhead, G.S.(2002).Building an HIV continuum for inmates: NewYork State's criminal justice initiative.AIDS Education andPrevention, 14(5 Suppl.B), 114-123. (Pubitemid 35204855)
42. Krebs, C.P., & Simmons, M.(2002).Intraprison HIV transmission: An assessment of whether it occurs, how it occurs, and who is at risk.AIDS Education and Prevention, 14(5 Suppl.B), 53-64. (Pubitemid 35204849)
43. Lee, J., Vlahov, D., & Freudenberg, N.(2006).Primary care and health insurance among women released from New York City Jails.Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved, 17, 200-217. (Pubitemid 43340763)
44. Magura, S.(1992).Evaluation of in-jail methadone maintenance: Preliminary results; Drug abuse treatment in prisons and jails.National Institute on Drug Abuse Research Monograph Series.Retrieved December 2, 2008, from
45. Magura, S., Shapiro, J.L., & Kang, S.Y.(1994).Condom use among criminally-involved adolescents.AIDS Care, 6(5),595-603.
46. Mahon, N.(1996).New York inmates' HIV risk behaviors: The implications for prevention policy and programs.American Journal of Public Health, 86(9), 1211-1215. (Pubitemid 26314405)
47. Maruschak, L.M.(2001).Bureau of justice statistics bulletin: HIV in prisons and jails, 1999.Office of Justice Programs Publication No.NCJ 187456.Washington, DC: US Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs.Retrieved December 2, 2008, from http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/pub/pdf/ hivpj99.pdf
48. Maruschak, L.M.(2004).Bureau of justice statistics bulletin: HIV in prisons and jails, 2002.Office of Justice Programs Publication No.NCJ 205333.Washington, DC: US Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs.Retrieved December 2, 2008, from
49. Maruschak, L.M.(2006).Bureau of justice statistics bulletin: HIV in prisons and jails, 2004.Office of Justice Programs Publication No.NCJ 213897.Washington, DC: US Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs.Retrieved December 2, 2008, from
50. Mead, D.M.(1997).Report on the New York City department of correction.Citizens Budget Commission.Retrieved December 2, 2008, from
51. Montero, G.(2007, August 1).Mapping the universe of re-entry: The New York City discharge planning collaboration.NewYork City Department of Correction.Retrieved December 2, 2008, from
52. Morse, S.J.(2004).Medicine and morals, craving and compulsion.Substance Use & Misuse, 39(3), 437-460.
53. Nathan, V.M.(2004).Taking stock of the accomplishments and failures of prison reform litigation: Have the courts made a difference in the quality of prison conditions? What have we accomplished to date? Pace Law Review, 24, 419-425
54. National Institute of Justice.(2000).1999 annual report on drug use among adult and juvenile arrestees.Washington, DC: US Department of Justice, Office of Justice Program, National Institute of Justice.Retrieved December 2, 2008, from
55. Needels, K., James-Burdumy, S., & Burghardt, J.(2005).Community case management for former jail inmates: Its impacts on rearrest, drug use, and HIV risk.Journal of Urban Health, 82(3), 420-433. (Pubitemid 41191561)
56. New York City Commission on HIV/AIDS.(2005, October 31).Recommendations to make NYC a national and global model for HIV/AIDS prevention, treatment, and care.Retrieved December 3, 2008, from pdf/ah/ah-nychivreport.pdf
57. New York City Department of Correction.(n.d.).A historical overview.Retrieved December 3, 2008, from
58. New York City Department of Correction.(2008, November).Report of drug and alcohol work group to discharge planning collaborative.New York: Author.
59. New York City Department of Health andMental Hygiene.2008a, August).Health department releases estimate of yearly HIV infections.Retrieved July 26, 2009, from -
60. New York City Department of Health andMental Hygiene.(2008b, April).HIV epidemiology & field services semiannual report, covering January 1, 2007 to June 30, 2007.Retrieved December 2, 2008, from
61. New York City Ryan White CARE Program 2008 Ryan White Title I CARE services.Retrieved December 6, 2008, from
62. New York State Comptroller.(2007 New York City department of health and mental hygiene contracted health care services for New York City prison inmates report.Office of the New York State Comptroller, Division of State Government Accountability Publication No.2005-N-5.Retrieved December 3, 2008, from
63. New York State Department of Criminal Justice Statistics.(2008).Crime stat report 2007, third edition.Available from the New York State Division of Criminal Justice Services.Retrieved December 3, 2008, from .ny.us/pio/ annualreport/2007crimestatreport.pdf
64. Niveau, G.(2006).Prevention of infectious disease transmission in correctional settings: A review.Public Health, 120(1), 33-41. (Pubitemid 43013044)
65. Obermeyer, C.M., & Osborn, M.(2007).The utilization of testing and counseling for HIV: A review of the social and behavioral evidence.American Journal of Public Health, 97(10), 1762-1774. (Pubitemid 351182283)
66. Petteruti A.Walsh, N.(2008 , April).Jailing communities: The impact of jail expansion and effective public safety strategies.Washington, DC: Justice Policy Institute.Retrieved December 3, 2008, from -
67. Polonsky, S., Kerr, S., Harris, B., Gaiter, J., Fichtner, R.R., & Kennedy, M.G.(1994).HIV prevention in prisons and jails: Obstacles and opportunities.Public Health Reports, 109(5), 615-625. (Pubitemid 24328948)
68. Richie, B.E., Freudenberg, N., & Page, J.(2001).Reintegrating women leaving jail into urban communities: A description of a model program.Journal of Urban Health, 78(2), 290-303. (Pubitemid 32545532)
69. Rohde, D.(1998, September 17).City board members fault St.Barnabas Hospital over prison care.The New York Times p.B3.
70. Sandler, R.(1996).City seeks to regain control over its jails and receives help from the federal court and Congress.City Law, 2(3), 49-54.
71. Schnittker, J., & John, A.(2007).Enduring stigma: The long-term effects of incarceration on health.Journal of Health and Social Behaviour, 48(2), 115-30.
72. Shuter, J.(2002).Communicable diseases in inmates: Public health opportunities.In National Commission on Correctional Health Care (Ed.), The health status of soon-to-be-released inmates: A report to Congress (Vol.2, pp.167-202).Chicago: National Commission on Correctional Health Care.Retrieved December 3, 2008, from
73. Shuter, J., Bell, D., Graham, D., Holbrook, K.A., & Bellin.E.Y.(1998).Rates of and risk factors for trichnomoniasis among pregnant inmates in New York City.Sexually Transmitted Diseases, 25(6), 303-307. (Pubitemid 28309068)
74. Sorensen, J.L., & Copeland, A.L.(2000).Drug abuse treatment as an HIV prevention strategy: A review.Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 59(1), 17-31. (Pubitemid 30116835)
75. Strauss, D.(2006).A community-based organization's integration of HIV and substance abuse treatment services for ex-offenders.Social Work in Health Care, 42(3-4), 61-76. (Pubitemid 44161873)
76. Thomas, S.G.(1989, June 4-9).AIDS and intravenous drug users: The challenge for the jail administrator.Paper presented at the International Conference on AIDS.Retrieved December 3, 2008, from
77. US Department of Health and Human Services 1998 Healthy people 2010: National health promotion and disease prevention objectives.Draft.Washington, DC: Author.
78. Wallace, R., & Wallace, D.(1997).Socioeconomic determinants of health: Community marginalisation and the diffusion of disease and disorder in the United States.British Medical Journal, 314(7090), 1341-1345. (Pubitemid 27183326)
79. Warren, N., Bellin, E., Zoloth, S., & Safyer, S.(1994).Human immunodeficiency virus infection care is unavailable to inmates on release from jail.Archives of Family Medicine, 3(10), 894-898.
80. Weinhardt, L.S., Carey, M.P., Johnson, B.T., & Bickham, N.L.(1999).Effects of HIV counseling and testing on sexual risk behavior: A meta-analytic review of published research, 1985-1997.American Journal of Public Health, 89(9), 1397-1405. (Pubitemid 29404565)
81. Wexler, H.K., Magura, S., Beardsley, M.M., & Josepher, H.(1994).ARRIVE: An AIDS education/relapse prevention model for high-risk parolees.International Journal of the Addictions, 29(3), 361-386. (Pubitemid 24075545)
82. Wynn, J.(2001).Inside Rikers: Stories from the world's largest penal colony.New York: St.Martin's Press.
83. Yacoubian, G.S.(2003).Measuring alcohol and drug dependence with New York City ADAM data.Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 24(4), 341-345.
84. Zhang, Z.(2003).Drug and alcohol use and related matters among arrestees, 2003.Washington, DC: National Institute of Justice.