Effects of intermittent electrical stimulation on superficial pressure, tissue oxygenation, and discomfort levels for the prevention of deep tissue injury

Annals of Biomedical Engineering

Volumn 39, Issue 2, 2011, Pages 649-663

  Solis, Leandro R ^a   Gyawali, Selina ^a   Seres, Peter ^a   Curtis, Cara A ^a   Chong, Su Ling ^a   Thompson, Richard B ^a   Mushahwar, Vivian K ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ALBERTA   (Canada)

Author keywords

Bedsores; DTI; IES; Pressure sores; Pressure ulcers

Indexed keywords

BEDSORES; DTI; IES; PRESSURE SORES; PRESSURE ULCERS;

DISEASES; OXYGENATION; OXYGENATORS; TENSORS;

MUSCLE;

ADULT; ARTICLE; DECUBITUS; ELECTROSTIMULATION THERAPY; FEMALE; HUMAN; MALE; METHODOLOGY; OXYGEN CONSUMPTION; PAIN; PAIN ASSESSMENT; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PRESSURE; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

ADULT; ELECTRIC STIMULATION THERAPY; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; OXYGEN CONSUMPTION; PAIN; PAIN MEASUREMENT; PRESSURE; PRESSURE ULCER; TREATMENT OUTCOME; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 79951558186     PISSN: 00906964     EISSN: 15739686     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10439-010-0193-1     Document Type: Article

References (63)

1. MA Ankrom RG Bennett S Sprigle, et al. 2005 Pressure-related deep tissue injury under intact skin and the current pressure ulcer staging systems Adv. Skin Wound Care 18 35 42 10.1097/00129334-200501000-00016 15714036
2. G Bennett C Dealey J Posnett 2004 The cost of pressure ulcers in the UK Age Ageing 33 230 235 10.1093/ageing/afh086 15082426 (Pubitemid 38635038)
3. Black, J. M., and N. P. U. A. Panel. Moving toward consensus on deep tissue injury and pressure ulcer staging. Adv. Skin Wound Care 18:415-416, 418, 420-421, 2005.
4. KM Bogie RJ Triolo 2003 Effects of regular use of neuromuscular electrical stimulation on tissue health J. Rehabil. Res. Dev. 40 469 475 10.1682/JRRD.2003.11.0469 15077659 (Pubitemid 38020029)
5. CV Bouten CW Oomens FP Baaijens, et al. 2003 The etiology of pressure ulcers: skin deep or muscle bound? Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil. 84 616 619 10.1053/apmr.2003.50038 12690603 (Pubitemid 36417665)
6. RG Breuls CV Bouten CW Oomens, et al. 2003 Compression induced cell damage in engineered muscle tissue: an in vitro model to study pressure ulcer aetiology Ann. Biomed. Eng. 31 1357 1364 1:STN:280:DC%2BD2c%2FlslOisQ%3D%3D 10.1114/1.1624602 14758926
7. TA Conine AK Choi R Lim 1989 The user-friendliness of protective support surfaces in prevention of pressure sores Rehabil. Nurs. 14 261 263 1:STN:280:DyaL1MzoslyltQ%3D%3D 2781130
8. J Cuddigan D Berlowitz EA Ayello 2001 Pressure ulcers in America: prevalence, incidence, and implications for the future: an executive summary of the National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel Monograph Adv. Skin Wound Care 14 208 215 10.1097/00129334-200107000-00015
9. BM Damon JL Hornberger MC Wadington, et al. 2007 Dual gradient-echo MRI of post-contraction changes in skeletal muscle blood volume and oxygenation Magn. Reson. Med. 57 670 679 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXkvFyku7w%3D 10.1002/mrm.21191 17390346 (Pubitemid 46731792)
10. BM Damon MC Wadington JL Hornberger, et al. 2007 Absolute and relative contributions of BOLD effects to the muscle functional MRI signal intensity time course: effect of exercise intensity Magn. Reson. Imaging 58 335 345 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXpvFSksr4%3D (Pubitemid 47267651)
11. AC Ferguson JF Keating MA Delargy, et al. 1992 Reduction of seating pressure using FES in patients with spinal cord injury. A preliminary report Paraplegia 30 474 478 1:STN:280:DyaK38znsFGnsg%3D%3D 1508561
12. HM Finestone SP Levine GA Carlson, et al. 1991 Erythema and skin temperature following continuous sitting in spinal cord injured individuals J. Rehabil. Res. Dev. 28 27 32 1:STN:280:DyaK38%2FksFGmtw%3D%3D 10.1682/JRRD.1991.10.0027 1941646
13. A Gefen 2007 Risk factors for a pressure-related deep tissue injury: a theoretical model Med. Biol. Eng. Comput. 45 563 573 10.1007/s11517-007-0187-9 17486382 (Pubitemid 46902063)
14. A Gefen J Levine 2007 The false premise in measuring body-support interface pressures for preventing serious pressure ulcers J. Med. Eng. Technol. 31 375 380 1:STN:280:DC%2BD2svotlekug%3D%3D 10.1080/03091900601165256 17701783 (Pubitemid 47295341)
15. L Giangregorio N McCartney 2006 Bone loss and muscle atrophy in spinal cord injury: epidemiology, fracture prediction, and rehabilitation strategies J. Spinal Cord Med. 29 489 500 17274487
16. PA Grace 1994 Ischaemia-reperfusion injury Br. J. Surg. 81 637 647 1:STN:280:DyaK2czhvFOqtw%3D%3D 10.1002/bjs.1800810504 8044536 (Pubitemid 24192082)
17. JC Grip CT Merbitz 1986 Wheelchair-based mobile measurement of behavior for pressure sore prevention Comput. Methods Programs Biomed. 22 137 144 1:STN:280:DyaL287ptFagsw%3D%3D 10.1016/0169-2607(86)90103-3 3634669 (Pubitemid 16110805)
18. DC Gute T Ishida K Yarimizu, et al. 1998 Inflammatory responses to ischemia and reperfusion in skeletal muscle Mol. Cell. Biochem. 179 169 187 1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXit1ansL0%3D 10.1023/A:1006832207864 9543359 (Pubitemid 28118851)
19. RH Guthrie D Goulian 1973 Decubitus ulcers: prevention and treatment Geriatrics 28 67 71 4578786
20. Gyawali, S., L. R. Solis, S. L. Chong, et al. Intermittent electrical stimulation redistributes pressure and promotes tissue oxygenation in loaded muscles of individuals with spinal cord injury. J. Appl. Physiol. 2010. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00661.2010.
21. BF Jordan JZ Kimpalou N Beghein, et al. 2004 Contribution of oxygenation to BOLD contrast in exercising muscle Magn. Reson. Med. 52 391 396 10.1002/mrm.20155 15282822 (Pubitemid 39025284)
22. Kaplan, H. M., G. E. Loeb, L. L. Baker, et al. BION™ active seating for pressure ulcer prevention: surface stimulation & finite element modeling for planning treatments. In: 11th Annual Conference of the International FES Society, Zao, Japan, pp. 112-114.
23. M Kosiak 1959 Etiology and pathology of ischemic ulcers Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil. 40 62 69 1:STN:280:DyaG1M%2FkslKnsg%3D%3D 13618101
24. M Kosiak 1961 Etiology of decubitus ulcers Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil. 42 19 29 1:STN:280:DyaF3c%2FntlWisw%3D%3D 13753341
25. M Kosiak WG Kubicek M Olson, et al. 1958 Evaluation of pressure as factor in production of ischial ulcers Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil. 39 623 629 1:STN:280:DyaG1M%2FhtlCltw%3D%3D 13584092
26. TA Krouskop 1983 A synthesis of the factors that contribute to pressure sore formation Med. Hypotheses 11 255 267 1:STN:280:DyaL3s3pslSmsw%3D%3D 10.1016/0306-9877(83)90067-1 6888310 (Pubitemid 13031727)
27. TA Krouskop PC Noble SL Garber, et al. 1983 The effectiveness of preventive management in reducing the occurrence of pressure sores J. Rehabil. Res. Dev. 20 74 83 1:STN:280:DyaL3s3psVWrtQ%3D%3D (Pubitemid 14224725)
28. R Labbe T Lindsay PM Walker 1987 The extent and distribution of skeletal muscle necrosis after graded periods of complete ischemia J. Vasc. Surg. 6 152 157 1:STN:280:DyaL2s3osVWqtg%3D%3D 10.1067/mva.1987.avs0060152 3039184 (Pubitemid 17123259)
29. DK Langemo J Anderson C Volden 2003 Uncovering pressure ulcer incidence Nurs. Manage. 34 54 57 14557784
30. HP Ledermann HG Heidecker AC Schulte, et al. 2006 Calf muscles imaged at BOLD MR: correlation with TcPO2 and flowmetry measurements during ischemia and reactive hyperemia-initial experience Radiology 241 477 484 10.1148/radiol. 2412050701 16982813 (Pubitemid 44632894)
31. RC Lennertz M Tsunozaki DM Bautista, et al. 2010 Physiological basis of tingling paresthesia evokedby hydroxy-{alpha}-sanshool J. Neurosci. 30 4353 4361 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXlvVagu7o%3D 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4666-09.2010 20335471
32. SP Levine RL Kett PS Cederna, et al. 1989 Electrical muscle stimulation for pressure variation at the seating interface J. Rehabil. Res. Dev. 26 1 8 1:STN:280:DyaK3c%2FpsF2ltA%3D%3D 2600864 (Pubitemid 19273783)
33. SP Levine RL Kett PS Cederna, et al. 1990 Electric muscle stimulation for pressure sore prevention: tissue shape variation Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil. 71 210 215 1:STN:280:DyaK3c7pslCjsQ%3D%3D 2180391 (Pubitemid 20093525)
34. SP Levine RL Kett MD Gross, et al. 1990 Blood flow in the gluteus maximus of seated individuals during electrical muscle stimulation Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil. 71 682 686 1:STN:280:DyaK3czivVygsw%3D%3D 2375675 (Pubitemid 20245552)
35. E Linder-Ganz A Gefen 2009 Stress analyses coupled with damage laws to determine biomechanical risk factors for deep tissue injury during sitting J. Biomech. Eng. 131 011003 10.1115/1.3005195 19045919 13 pages
36. E Linder-Ganz M Scheinowitz Z Yizhar, et al. 2007 How do normals move during prolonged wheelchair-sitting? Technol. Healthcare 15 195 202 1:STN:280:DC%2BD2s3msVOisA%3D%3D (Pubitemid 47194609)
37. E Linder-Ganz N Shabshin Y Itzchak, et al. 2007 Assessment of mechanical conditions in sub-dermal tissues during sitting: a combined experimental-MRI and finite element approach J. Biomech. 40 1443 1454 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2006.06.020 16920122 (Pubitemid 46601441)
38. MH Liu DR Grimm V Teodorescu, et al. 1999 Transcutaneous oxygen tension in subjects with tetraplegia with and without pressure ulcers: a preliminary report J. Rehabil. Res. Dev. 36 202 206 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3c7itlWquw%3D%3D 10659803
39. ES Marks CL Cogbill 1950 Surgical therapy of decubitus ulcers in the paraplegic patient Ann. Surg. 132 994 1002 1:STN:280:DyaG3M%2FgtFelsg%3D%3D 10.1097/00000658-195011000-00015 14771810
40. McInnes, E., S. E. Bell-Syer, J. C. Dumville, et al. Support surfaces for pressure ulcer prevention. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. CD001735, 2008.
41. CT Merbitz RB King J Bleiberg, et al. 1985 Wheelchair push-ups: measuring pressure relief frequency Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil. 66 433 438 1:STN:280:DyaL2M3ltFSjug%3D%3D 4015355 (Pubitemid 15068209)
42. RA Meyer TF Towse RW Reid, et al. 2004 BOLD MRI mapping of transient hyperemia in skeletal muscle after single contractions NMR Biomed. 17 392 398 10.1002/nbm.893 15468084 (Pubitemid 39335177)
43. T Nagel S Loerakker CW Oomens 2009 A theoretical model to study the effects of cellular stiffening on the damage evolution in deep tissue injury Comput. Methods Biomech. Biomed. Eng. 12 585 597 1:STN:280: DC%2BC3c7jt1OgsQ%3D%3D 10.1080/10255840902788603
44. CW Oomens OF Bressers EM Bosboom, et al. 2003 Can loaded interface characteristics influence strain distributions in muscle adjacent to bony prominences? Comput. Methods Biomech. Biomed. Eng. 6 171 180 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3szlsFentg%3D%3D 10.1080/1025584031000121034
45. SM Peirce TC Skalak GT Rodeheaver 2000 Ischemia-reperfusion injury in chronic pressure ulcer formation: a skin model in the rat Wound Repair Regen. 8 68 76 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3c3itl2jtA%3D%3D 10.1046/j.1524-475x.2000.00068.x 10760216 (Pubitemid 30140801)
46. J Reenalda P Van Geffen M Nederhand, et al. 2009 Analysis of healthy sitting behavior: interface pressure distribution and subcutaneous tissue oxygenation J. Rehabil. Res. Dev. 46 577 586 10.1682/JRRD.2008.12.0164 19882492
47. H Rischbieth M Jelbart R Marshall 1998 Neuromuscular electrical stimulation keeps a tetraplegic subject in his chair: a case study Spinal Cord 36 443 445 1:STN:280:DyaK1czht1Sjuw%3D%3D 10.1038/sj.sc.3100621 9648203 (Pubitemid 28276697)
48. R Salcido SB Fisher JC Donofrio, et al. 1995 An animal model and computer-controlled surface pressure delivery system for the production of pressure ulcers J. Rehabil. Res. Dev. 32 149 161 1:STN:280: DyaK28%2Fitlyqtg%3D%3D 7562655
49. HG Sanada G Nakagami Y Mizokami, et al. 2010 Evaluating the effect of the new incentive system for high-risk pressure ulcer patients on wound healing and cost-effectiveness: a cohort study Int. J. Nurs. Studies 4 279 286 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2009.08.001
50. J Schiffman MS Golinko A Yan, et al. 2009 Operative debridement of pressure ulcers World J. Surg. 33 1396 1402 10.1007/s00268-009-0024-4 19424752
51. JL Severens JM Habraken S Duivenvoorden, et al. 2002 The cost of illness of pressure ulcers in The Netherlands Adv. Skin Wound Care 15 72 77 10.1097/00129334-200203000-00008 11984050
52. PW Smith JM Black SB Black 1999 Infected pressure ulcers in the long-term-care facility Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. 20 358 361 1:STN:280:DyaK1M3nslClsA%3D%3D 10.1086/501636 10349959
53. LR Solis DP Hallihan RR Uwiera, et al. 2007 Prevention of pressure-induced deep tissue injury using intermittent electrical stimulation J. Appl. Physiol. 102 1992 2001 10.1152/japplphysiol.01092.2006 17272408 (Pubitemid 46701972)
54. A Stekelenburg D Gawlitta DL Bader, et al. 2008 Deep tissue injury: how deep is our understanding? Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil. 89 1410 1413 10.1016/j.apmr.2008.01.012 18586145 (Pubitemid 351884993)
55. A Stekelenburg GJ Strijkers H Parusel, et al. 2007 Role of ischemia and deformation in the onset of compression-induced deep tissue injury: MRI-based studies in a rat model J. Appl. Physiol. 102 2002 2011 10.1152/japplphysiol. 01115.2006 17255369 (Pubitemid 46701973)
56. AE Swarts TA Krouskop DR Smith 1988 Tissue pressure management in the vocational setting Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil. 69 97 100 1:STN:280: DyaL1c7jtleisA%3D%3D 3341901 (Pubitemid 18066434)
57. TF Towse JM Slade RA Meyer 2005 Effect of physical activity on MRI-measured blood oxygen level-dependent transients in skeletal muscle after brief contractions J. Appl. Physiol. 99 715 722 10.1152/japplphysiol.00272.2005 15802369 (Pubitemid 41061170)
58. S Tsuji S Ichioka N Sekiya, et al. 2005 Analysis of ischemia-reperfusion injury in a microcirculatory model of pressure ulcers Wound Repair Regen. 13 209 215 10.1111/j.1067-1927.2005.130213.x 15828947 (Pubitemid 40489872)
59. A van Londen M Herwegh CH van der Zee, et al. 2008 The effect of surface electric stimulation of the gluteal muscles on the interface pressure in seated people with spinal cord injury Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil. 89 1724 1732 10.1016/j.apmr.2008.02.028 18760157
60. MM Verver J van Hoof CW Oomens, et al. 2004 A finite element model of the human buttocks for prediction of seat pressure distributions Comput. Methods Biomech. Biomed. Eng. 7 193 203 1:STN:280:DC%2BD2crktVynsQ%3D%3D 10.1080/10255840410001727832
61. GW White RM Mathews SB Fawcett 1989 Reducing risk of pressure sores: effects of watch prompts and alarm avoidance on wheelchair push-ups J. Appl. Behav. Anal. 22 287 295 1:STN:280:DyaK3c%2FgvVCltA%3D%3D 10.1901/jaba.1989.22- 287 2793635
62. RM Woolsey JD McGarry 1991 The cause, prevention, and treatment of pressure sores Neurol. Clin. 9 797 808 1:STN:280:DyaK38%2FhslGiuw%3D%3D 1921959
63. JM Zanca DM Brienza D Berlowitz, et al. 2003 Pressure ulcer research funding in America: creation and analysis of an on-line database Adv. Skin Wound Care 16 190 197 10.1097/00129334-200307000-00012 12897675