메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 31, Issue 4, 2011, Pages 767-778

The environmental and biosecurity characteristics of livestock carcass disposal methods: A review

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ALTERNATIVE APPROACH; ALTERNATIVE TECHNOLOGIES; BACTERIAL PATHOGENS; BIO-SECURITY; BIOREDUCTIONS; BIOSECURITY RISK; DISPOSAL METHODS; ECONOMIC RESEARCH; ENVIRONMENT IMPACT; ENVIRONMENTAL FOOTPRINTS; EU REGULATIONS; EUROPEAN UNION; INFECTIOUS DISEASE; INFORMED DECISION; POLICY MAKERS; TRANSMISSIBLE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHIES; WASTE STREAM;

EID: 79951555561     PISSN: 0956053X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2010.12.005     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (157)

References (110)
  • 1
    • 79951556593 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • AEA Technology, Atmospheric emissions from small carcass incinerators; a report produced for the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs.
    • AEA Technology, 2002. Atmospheric emissions from small carcass incinerators; a report produced for the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs.
    • (2002)
  • 6
    • 79951549336 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Washington State Legislature, Washington., Anon
    • Anon Disposal of dead livestock, No. 16-25 2007, Washington State Legislature, Washington.
    • (2007) Disposal of dead livestock, No. 16-25
  • 7
    • 79951556384 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anon, The TSE Road Map 2. European Commission, Brussels, (accessed 8.11.2010).
    • Anon, 2010. The TSE Road Map 2. European Commission, Brussels, (accessed 8.11.2010). http://www.ec.europa.eu/food/food/biosafety/tse_bse/dg_sanco_en.htm.
    • (2010)
  • 8
    • 63749099835 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heat and lime-treatment as effective control methods for E. coli O157:H7 in organic wastes
    • Avery L.M., Williams A.P., Killham K., Jones D.L. Heat and lime-treatment as effective control methods for E. coli O157:H7 in organic wastes. Bioresource Technol. 2009, 100:2692-2698.
    • (2009) Bioresource Technol. , vol.100 , pp. 2692-2698
    • Avery, L.M.1    Williams, A.P.2    Killham, K.3    Jones, D.L.4
  • 9
    • 79951552227 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Geophysical surveying to investigate groundwater contamination by a cemetery. In: Proceedings of the Symposium on the Application of Geophysics to Engineering and Environmental Problems: The Annual Meeting of the Environmental and Engineering Geophysical Society, Environmental and Engineering Geophysical Society.
    • Bastianon, D., Matos, B.A., Aquino, W.F., Pacheco, A.M., Jose Milton, B., 2000. Geophysical surveying to investigate groundwater contamination by a cemetery. In: Proceedings of the Symposium on the Application of Geophysics to Engineering and Environmental Problems: The Annual Meeting of the Environmental and Engineering Geophysical Society, Environmental and Engineering Geophysical Society.
    • (2000)
    • Bastianon, D.1    Matos, B.A.2    Aquino, W.F.3    Pacheco, A.M.4    Jose Milton, B.5
  • 10
    • 32444441783 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Process, performance, and pollution potential: a review of septic tank-soil absorption systems
    • Beal C.D., Gardner E.A., Menzies N.W. Process, performance, and pollution potential: a review of septic tank-soil absorption systems. Aust. J. Soil Res. 2005, 43:781-802.
    • (2005) Aust. J. Soil Res. , vol.43 , pp. 781-802
    • Beal, C.D.1    Gardner, E.A.2    Menzies, N.W.3
  • 11
    • 13844281421 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Methods and technologies for handling mortality losses
    • Blake J.P. Methods and technologies for handling mortality losses. World Poultry Sci. J. 2004, 60:489-499.
    • (2004) World Poultry Sci. J. , vol.60 , pp. 489-499
    • Blake, J.P.1
  • 12
    • 0032542974 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • BSE: the final resting place
    • Brown P. BSE: the final resting place. Lancet 1998, 351:1146-1147.
    • (1998) Lancet , vol.351 , pp. 1146-1147
    • Brown, P.1
  • 13
    • 0034724227 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New studies on the heat resistance of hamster-adapted scrapie agent: threshold survival after ashing at 600°C suggests an inorganic template of replication
    • Brown P., Rau E.H., Johnson B.K., Bacote A.E., Gibbs C.J., Gajdusek D.C. New studies on the heat resistance of hamster-adapted scrapie agent: threshold survival after ashing at 600°C suggests an inorganic template of replication. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2000, 97:3418-3421.
    • (2000) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.97 , pp. 3418-3421
    • Brown, P.1    Rau, E.H.2    Johnson, B.K.3    Bacote, A.E.4    Gibbs, C.J.5    Gajdusek, D.C.6
  • 14
    • 8544267234 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Infectivity studies of both ash and air emissions from simulated incineration of scrapie-contaminated tissues
    • Brown P., Rau E.H., Lemieux P., Johnson B.K., Bacote A.E., Gajdusek D.C. Infectivity studies of both ash and air emissions from simulated incineration of scrapie-contaminated tissues. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2004, 38:6155-6160.
    • (2004) Environ. Sci. Technol. , vol.38 , pp. 6155-6160
    • Brown, P.1    Rau, E.H.2    Lemieux, P.3    Johnson, B.K.4    Bacote, A.E.5    Gajdusek, D.C.6
  • 15
    • 0029054922 scopus 로고
    • Stabilization of poultry-processing by-products and poultry carcasses through direct chemical acidification
    • Cai T., Pancorbo O.C., Merka W.C., Sander J.E., Barnhart H.M. Stabilization of poultry-processing by-products and poultry carcasses through direct chemical acidification. Bioresource Technol. 1995, 52:69-77.
    • (1995) Bioresource Technol. , vol.52 , pp. 69-77
    • Cai, T.1    Pancorbo, O.C.2    Merka, W.C.3    Sander, J.E.4    Barnhart, H.M.5
  • 19
    • 0037121369 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Investigation of the possible spread of foot-and-mouth disease virus by the burning of animal carcases on open pyres
    • Champion H.J., Gloster J., Mason I.S., Brown R.J., Donaldson A.I., Ryall D.B., Garland A.J.M. Investigation of the possible spread of foot-and-mouth disease virus by the burning of animal carcases on open pyres. Vet. Rec. 2002, 151:593-600.
    • (2002) Vet. Rec. , vol.151 , pp. 593-600
    • Champion, H.J.1    Gloster, J.2    Mason, I.S.3    Brown, R.J.4    Donaldson, A.I.5    Ryall, D.B.6    Garland, A.J.M.7
  • 20
    • 0041559892 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emission of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from animal carcass incinerators
    • Chen S.J., Hsieh L.T., Chiu S.C. Emission of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from animal carcass incinerators. Sci. Total Environ. 2003, 313:61-76.
    • (2003) Sci. Total Environ. , vol.313 , pp. 61-76
    • Chen, S.J.1    Hsieh, L.T.2    Chiu, S.C.3
  • 21
    • 1842737715 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emission of heavy metals from animal carcass incinerators in Taiwan
    • Chen S.J., Hung M.C., Huang K.L., Hwang W.I. Emission of heavy metals from animal carcass incinerators in Taiwan. Chemosphere 2004, 55:1197-1205.
    • (2004) Chemosphere , vol.55 , pp. 1197-1205
    • Chen, S.J.1    Hung, M.C.2    Huang, K.L.3    Hwang, W.I.4
  • 22
    • 33646090170 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anaerobic treatment of poultry mortality in a temperature-phased leachbed-UASB system
    • Chen T.H., Huang J.L. Anaerobic treatment of poultry mortality in a temperature-phased leachbed-UASB system. Bioresource Technol. 2006, 97:1398-1410.
    • (2006) Bioresource Technol. , vol.97 , pp. 1398-1410
    • Chen, T.H.1    Huang, J.L.2
  • 23
    • 28844508566 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reduction of indicator and pathogenic microorganisms by psychrophilic anaerobic digestion in swine slurries
    • Côté C., Masse D.I., Quessy S. Reduction of indicator and pathogenic microorganisms by psychrophilic anaerobic digestion in swine slurries. Bioresource Technol. 2006, 97:686-691.
    • (2006) Bioresource Technol. , vol.97 , pp. 686-691
    • Côté, C.1    Masse, D.I.2    Quessy, S.3
  • 28
    • 0034122053 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of freezing on the survival of Escherichia coli O157:H7 on beef trimmings
    • Dykes G.A. The effect of freezing on the survival of Escherichia coli O157:H7 on beef trimmings. Food Res. Int. 2000, 33(5):387-392.
    • (2000) Food Res. Int. , vol.33 , Issue.5 , pp. 387-392
    • Dykes, G.A.1
  • 29
    • 79951550602 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carcass disposal lessons from the Netherlands after the foot, mouth disease outbreak of 2001
    • de Klerk P.F. Carcass disposal lessons from the Netherlands after the foot, mouth disease outbreak of 2001. Rev. Sci. Tech. Off. Int. Epiz. 2002, 21:796-798.
    • (2002) Rev. Sci. Tech. Off. Int. Epiz. , vol.21 , pp. 796-798
    • de Klerk, P.F.1
  • 30
    • 79951550603 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • EA, Assessing the groundwater pollution potential of cemetery developments. In: A. Science Group (Ed.), Land and Water. Environment Agency, Bristol.
    • EA, 2004. Assessing the groundwater pollution potential of cemetery developments. In: A. Science Group (Ed.), Land and Water. Environment Agency, Bristol.
    • (2004)
  • 33
    • 79951553171 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • EC SSC, European Commission Scientific Steering Committee Scientific Opinion on the risks of non conventional transmissible agents, conventional infectious agents or other hazards such as toxic substances entering the human food or animal feed chains via raw material from fallen stock and dead animals (including also: ruminants, pigs, poultry, fish, wild/exotic/zoo animals, fur animals, cats
    • EC SSC, 1999. European Commission Scientific Steering Committee Scientific Opinion on the risks of non conventional transmissible agents, conventional infectious agents or other hazards such as toxic substances entering the human food or animal feed chains via raw material from fallen stock and dead animals (including also: ruminants, pigs, poultry, fish, wild/exotic/zoo animals, fur animals, cats, laboratory animals and fish) or via condemned materials. In: H.a.C.P. Directorate-General (Ed.), European Commission, Brussels.
    • (1999)
  • 35
    • 0033970266 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantitative survival of native Salmonella serovars during food storage of frozen raw pork
    • Escartin E.F., Lozano J.S., Garcia O.R. Quantitative survival of native Salmonella serovars during food storage of frozen raw pork. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 2000, 54:19-25.
    • (2000) Int. J. Food Microbiol. , vol.54 , pp. 19-25
    • Escartin, E.F.1    Lozano, J.S.2    Garcia, O.R.3
  • 36
    • 79951552738 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • FAO, 2007. FAOSTAT, Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations
    • FAO, 2007. FAOSTAT, Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations, vol. 2009.
    • (2007) , vol.2009
  • 37
    • 79951558350 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Water quality impacts of burying livestock mortalities. In: Paper Presented to the Livestock Mortality Recycling Project Steering Committee, Ridgetown College, University of Guelph, Canada.
    • Freedman, R., Fleming, R., 2003. Water quality impacts of burying livestock mortalities. In: Paper Presented to the Livestock Mortality Recycling Project Steering Committee, Ridgetown College, University of Guelph, Canada.
    • (2003)
    • Freedman, R.1    Fleming, R.2
  • 38
    • 33646091281 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of freezing and duration of storage on Campylobacter and indicator bacteria in broiler carcasses
    • Georgsson F., Porkelsson A.E., Geirsdottir M., Reiersen J., Stern N.J. The influence of freezing and duration of storage on Campylobacter and indicator bacteria in broiler carcasses. Food Microbiol. 2006, 23:677-683.
    • (2006) Food Microbiol. , vol.23 , pp. 677-683
    • Georgsson, F.1    Porkelsson, A.E.2    Geirsdottir, M.3    Reiersen, J.4    Stern, N.J.5
  • 39
    • 79951551217 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of livestock burial on shallow groundwater quality. In: Proceedings of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers, American Society of Agricultural Engineers, St. Joseph, Michigan.
    • Glanville, T.D., 2000. Impact of livestock burial on shallow groundwater quality. In: Proceedings of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers, American Society of Agricultural Engineers, St. Joseph, Michigan.
    • (2000)
    • Glanville, T.D.1
  • 42
    • 63449091568 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Survival of avian influenza and Newcastle disease viruses in compost and at ambient temperatures based on virus isolation and real-time reverse transcriptase PCR
    • Guan J., Chan M., Grenier C., Wilkie D.C., Brooks B.W., Spencer J.L. Survival of avian influenza and Newcastle disease viruses in compost and at ambient temperatures based on virus isolation and real-time reverse transcriptase PCR. Avian Dis. 2009, 53:26-33.
    • (2009) Avian Dis. , vol.53 , pp. 26-33
    • Guan, J.1    Chan, M.2    Grenier, C.3    Wilkie, D.C.4    Brooks, B.W.5    Spencer, J.L.6
  • 44
    • 79951555248 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multi-recovery from waste in a novel compound shaft-reactor-plasma-mixing-destruction-chamber approach. In: The Sixth International Conference on Technologies and Combustion for a Clean Environment Workshop on New Technological Solutions for Wastes, Porto, Portugal.
    • Hetland, J., Lynum, S., 2001. Multi-recovery from waste in a novel compound shaft-reactor-plasma-mixing-destruction-chamber approach. In: The Sixth International Conference on Technologies and Combustion for a Clean Environment Workshop on New Technological Solutions for Wastes, Porto, Portugal.
    • (2001)
    • Hetland, J.1    Lynum, S.2
  • 46
  • 47
    • 26044447154 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Review of factors affecting microbial survival in groundwater
    • John D.E., Rose J.B. Review of factors affecting microbial survival in groundwater. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2005, 39:7345-7356.
    • (2005) Environ. Sci. Technol. , vol.39 , pp. 7345-7356
    • John, D.E.1    Rose, J.B.2
  • 48
  • 50
    • 79951552183 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alkaline hydrolysis of animal waste as pretreatment in production of fermented fertilizers
    • Kalambura S., Kricka T., Jurisic V., Janjecic Z. Alkaline hydrolysis of animal waste as pretreatment in production of fermented fertilizers. Cereal Res. Commun. 2008, 36:179-182.
    • (2008) Cereal Res. Commun. , vol.36 , pp. 179-182
    • Kalambura, S.1    Kricka, T.2    Jurisic, V.3    Janjecic, Z.4
  • 53
    • 2542584724 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of alkaline hydrolysis as an alternative method for treatment and disposal of infectious animal waste
    • Kaye G.I., Weber P.B., Evans A., Venezia R.A. Efficacy of alkaline hydrolysis as an alternative method for treatment and disposal of infectious animal waste. Contemp. Top. Lab. Anim. Sci. 1998, 37:43-46.
    • (1998) Contemp. Top. Lab. Anim. Sci. , vol.37 , pp. 43-46
    • Kaye, G.I.1    Weber, P.B.2    Evans, A.3    Venezia, R.A.4
  • 54
    • 0003721384 scopus 로고
    • Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
    • Killham K. Soil Ecology 1994, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
    • (1994) Soil Ecology
    • Killham, K.1
  • 55
    • 79951552332 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Harper Adams University College, Shropshire, UK
    • Kirby M. Personal Communication 2010, Harper Adams University College, Shropshire, UK.
    • (2010) Personal Communication
    • Kirby, M.1
  • 56
    • 79951553634 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An investigation into farmer's perspective of the disposal of fallen livestock and animal by-products
    • Kirby M., Brizuela C., Wilkinson R. An investigation into farmer's perspective of the disposal of fallen livestock and animal by-products. Vet. Rec. 2010, 167:606-609.
    • (2010) Vet. Rec. , vol.167 , pp. 606-609
    • Kirby, M.1    Brizuela, C.2    Wilkinson, R.3
  • 57
    • 55449120208 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of meat waste composting process based on fecal streptococci survival
    • Ligocka A., Paluszak Z. Evaluation of meat waste composting process based on fecal streptococci survival. Pol. J. Environ. Stud. 2008, 17:739-744.
    • (2008) Pol. J. Environ. Stud. , vol.17 , pp. 739-744
    • Ligocka, A.1    Paluszak, Z.2
  • 58
    • 59749099632 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lipid peroxidation and oxidative status compared in workers at a bottom ash recovery plant and fly ash treatment plants
    • Liu H.H., Shih T.S., Chen I.J., Chen H.L. Lipid peroxidation and oxidative status compared in workers at a bottom ash recovery plant and fly ash treatment plants. J. Occup. Health 2008, 50:492-497.
    • (2008) J. Occup. Health , vol.50 , pp. 492-497
    • Liu, H.H.1    Shih, T.S.2    Chen, I.J.3    Chen, H.L.4
  • 59
    • 0027480317 scopus 로고
    • Effect of temperature on silage production from salmon farm mortalities
    • Lo K.V., Liao P.H., Gao Y. Effect of temperature on silage production from salmon farm mortalities. Bioresource Technol. 1993, 44:33-37.
    • (1993) Bioresource Technol. , vol.44 , pp. 33-37
    • Lo, K.V.1    Liao, P.H.2    Gao, Y.3
  • 62
    • 75149136243 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antimicrobial activity of decontamination treatments for poultry carcasses: a literature survey
    • Loretz M., Stephan R., Zweifel C. Antimicrobial activity of decontamination treatments for poultry carcasses: a literature survey. Food Control 2010, 21:791-804.
    • (2010) Food Control , vol.21 , pp. 791-804
    • Loretz, M.1    Stephan, R.2    Zweifel, C.3
  • 63
    • 0141454765 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Survival of avian influenza virus H7N2 in SPF chickens and their environments. In Fifth International Symposium on Avian Influenza, April 14-17, Am. Assoc. Avian Pathologists, Athens, Georgia
    • Lu, H., Castro, A.E., Pennick, K., Liu, J., Yang, Q., Dunn, P., Weinstock, D., Henzler, D., 2002. Survival of avian influenza virus H7N2 in SPF chickens and their environments. In Fifth International Symposium on Avian Influenza, April 14-17, Am. Assoc. Avian Pathologists, Athens, Georgia, pp. 1015-1021.
    • (2002) , pp. 1015-1021
    • Lu, H.1    Castro, A.E.2    Pennick, K.3    Liu, J.4    Yang, Q.5    Dunn, P.6    Weinstock, D.7    Henzler, D.8
  • 64
    • 51449115250 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Monitoring PCDD/Fs, PCBs and metals in the ambient air of an industrial area of Catalonia, Spain
    • Mari M., Nadal M., Schuhmacher M., Domingo J.L. Monitoring PCDD/Fs, PCBs and metals in the ambient air of an industrial area of Catalonia, Spain. Chemosphere 2008, 73:990-998.
    • (2008) Chemosphere , vol.73 , pp. 990-998
    • Mari, M.1    Nadal, M.2    Schuhmacher, M.3    Domingo, J.L.4
  • 65
    • 44449144850 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Psychrophilic anaerobic digestion biotechnology for swine mortality disposal
    • Masse D.I., Masse L., Hince J.F., Pomar C. Psychrophilic anaerobic digestion biotechnology for swine mortality disposal. Bioresource Technol. 2008, 99:7307-7311.
    • (2008) Bioresource Technol. , vol.99 , pp. 7307-7311
    • Masse, D.I.1    Masse, L.2    Hince, J.F.3    Pomar, C.4
  • 66
    • 77951004220 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of refrigeration and frozen storage on the Campylobacter jejuni recovery from naturally contaminated broiler carcasses
    • Maziero M.Y., de Olieveira T.C.R.M. Effect of refrigeration and frozen storage on the Campylobacter jejuni recovery from naturally contaminated broiler carcasses. Braz. J. Microbiol. 2010, 41:501-505.
    • (2010) Braz. J. Microbiol. , vol.41 , pp. 501-505
    • Maziero, M.Y.1    de Olieveira, T.C.R.M.2
  • 68
    • 79951557084 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of poultry mortality pits on farm groundwater quality. In: Proceedings of the 1999 Georgia Water Resources Conference.
    • Myers, L.M., Bush, P.B., Segars, W.I., Radcliffe, D.E., 1999. Impact of poultry mortality pits on farm groundwater quality. In: Proceedings of the 1999 Georgia Water Resources Conference.
    • (1999)
    • Myers, L.M.1    Bush, P.B.2    Segars, W.I.3    Radcliffe, D.E.4
  • 70
    • 51649127435 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Concentrations of PCDD/PCDFs in plasma of subjects living in the vicinity of a hazardous waste incinerator: follow-up and modeling validation
    • Nadal M., Perello G., Schuhmacher M., Cid J., Domingo J.L. Concentrations of PCDD/PCDFs in plasma of subjects living in the vicinity of a hazardous waste incinerator: follow-up and modeling validation. Chemosphere 2008, 73:901-906.
    • (2008) Chemosphere , vol.73 , pp. 901-906
    • Nadal, M.1    Perello, G.2    Schuhmacher, M.3    Cid, J.4    Domingo, J.L.5
  • 73
    • 0343415590 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Giardia cyst and cryptosporidium oocyst survival in water, soil and cattle faeces
    • Olson M.E., Goh J., Phillips M., Guselle N., McAllister T.A. Giardia cyst and cryptosporidium oocyst survival in water, soil and cattle faeces. J. Environ. Qual. 1999, 28:1991-1996.
    • (1999) J. Environ. Qual. , vol.28 , pp. 1991-1996
    • Olson, M.E.1    Goh, J.2    Phillips, M.3    Guselle, N.4    McAllister, T.A.5
  • 75
    • 16244396455 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A quantitative assessment of the BSE risk associated with fly ash and slag from the incineration of meat-and-bone meal in a gas-fired power plant in Denmark
    • Paisley L.G., Hostrup-Pedersen J. A quantitative assessment of the BSE risk associated with fly ash and slag from the incineration of meat-and-bone meal in a gas-fired power plant in Denmark. Prev. Vet. Med. 2005, 68:263-275.
    • (2005) Prev. Vet. Med. , vol.68 , pp. 263-275
    • Paisley, L.G.1    Hostrup-Pedersen, J.2
  • 76
    • 33745122654 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Co-digestion of manure and biowaste according to the EC animal by-products regulation and Finnish national regulations
    • Paavola T., Syvasalo E., Rintala J. Co-digestion of manure and biowaste according to the EC animal by-products regulation and Finnish national regulations. Water Sci. Technol. 2006, 53:223-231.
    • (2006) Water Sci. Technol. , vol.53 , pp. 223-231
    • Paavola, T.1    Syvasalo, E.2    Rintala, J.3
  • 78
    • 79951557467 scopus 로고
    • Postmortem changes and time of death. University of Dundee, (accessed 8.11.2010).
    • Pounder, D., 1995. Postmortem changes and time of death. University of Dundee, (accessed 8.11.2010). http://www.dundee.ac.uk/forensicmedicine/llb/timedeath.htm.
    • (1995)
    • Pounder, D.1
  • 79
    • 33750374187 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prion degradation in soil: possible role of microbial enzymes stimulated by the decomposition of buried carcasses
    • Rapp D., Potier P., Jocteur-Monrozier L., Richaume A. Prion degradation in soil: possible role of microbial enzymes stimulated by the decomposition of buried carcasses. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2006, 40:6324-6329.
    • (2006) Environ. Sci. Technol. , vol.40 , pp. 6324-6329
    • Rapp, D.1    Potier, P.2    Jocteur-Monrozier, L.3    Richaume, A.4
  • 80
    • 41749119458 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Environmental immune disruption: a comorbidity factor for reproduction?
    • Rier S.E. Environmental immune disruption: a comorbidity factor for reproduction?. Fertil. Steril. 2008, 89:e103-e108.
    • (2008) Fertil. Steril. , vol.89
    • Rier, S.E.1
  • 81
    • 0028971693 scopus 로고
    • Impact of dead bird disposal pits on groundwater quality on the Delmarva Peninsula
    • Ritter W.F., Chirnside A.E.M. Impact of dead bird disposal pits on groundwater quality on the Delmarva Peninsula. Bioresource Technol. 1995, 53:105-111.
    • (1995) Bioresource Technol. , vol.53 , pp. 105-111
    • Ritter, W.F.1    Chirnside, A.E.M.2
  • 84
    • 0037374974 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A review of survival of pathogenic bacteria in organic waste used in biogas plants
    • Sahlström L. A review of survival of pathogenic bacteria in organic waste used in biogas plants. Bioresource Technol. 2003, 87:161-166.
    • (2003) Bioresource Technol. , vol.87 , pp. 161-166
    • Sahlström, L.1
  • 85
    • 45449101113 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A laboratory study of survival of selected microorganisms after heat treatment of biowaste used in biogas plants
    • Sahlström L., Bagge E., Emmoth E., Holmqvist A., Danielsson-Tham M.L., Albihn A. A laboratory study of survival of selected microorganisms after heat treatment of biowaste used in biogas plants. Bioresource Technol. 2008, 99:7859-7865.
    • (2008) Bioresource Technol. , vol.99 , pp. 7859-7865
    • Sahlström, L.1    Bagge, E.2    Emmoth, E.3    Holmqvist, A.4    Danielsson-Tham, M.L.5    Albihn, A.6
  • 88
    • 24644439119 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Survival of Campylobacter on frozen broiler carcasses as a function of time
    • Sandberg M., Hofshagen M., Ostensvik O., Skjerve E., Innocent G. Survival of Campylobacter on frozen broiler carcasses as a function of time. J. Food Prot. 2005, 68:1600-1605.
    • (2005) J. Food Prot. , vol.68 , pp. 1600-1605
    • Sandberg, M.1    Hofshagen, M.2    Ostensvik, O.3    Skjerve, E.4    Innocent, G.5
  • 90
    • 0348087032 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carcass disposal: lessons from Great Britain following the foot and mouth disease outbreaks of 2001
    • Scudamore J.M., Trevelyan G.M., Tas M.V., Varley E.M., Hickman G.A.W. Carcass disposal: lessons from Great Britain following the foot and mouth disease outbreaks of 2001. Rev. Sci. Technol. 2002, 21:775-787.
    • (2002) Rev. Sci. Technol. , vol.21 , pp. 775-787
    • Scudamore, J.M.1    Trevelyan, G.M.2    Tas, M.V.3    Varley, E.M.4    Hickman, G.A.W.5
  • 91
    • 33645388629 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safety evaluation for a biodiesel process using prion-contaminated animal fat as a source
    • Seidel B., Alm M., Peters R., Kordell W., Schaffer A. Safety evaluation for a biodiesel process using prion-contaminated animal fat as a source. Environ. Sci. Pollut. R 2006, 13:125-130.
    • (2006) Environ. Sci. Pollut. R , vol.13 , pp. 125-130
    • Seidel, B.1    Alm, M.2    Peters, R.3    Kordell, W.4    Schaffer, A.5
  • 92
    • 0035513235 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization of alkaline hydroxide-preserved whole poultry as a dry byproduct meal
    • Shafer D.J., Burgess R.P., Conrad K.A., Prochaska J.F., Carey J.B. Characterization of alkaline hydroxide-preserved whole poultry as a dry byproduct meal. Poult. Sci. 2001, 80:1543-1548.
    • (2001) Poult. Sci. , vol.80 , pp. 1543-1548
    • Shafer, D.J.1    Burgess, R.P.2    Conrad, K.A.3    Prochaska, J.F.4    Carey, J.B.5
  • 93
    • 0034328042 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chemical preservation of whole broiler carcasses utilizing alkaline hydroxides
    • Shafer D.J., Carey J.B., Burgess R.P., Conrad K.A., Prochaska J.F. Chemical preservation of whole broiler carcasses utilizing alkaline hydroxides. Poult. Sci. 2000, 79:1517-1523.
    • (2000) Poult. Sci. , vol.79 , pp. 1517-1523
    • Shafer, D.J.1    Carey, J.B.2    Burgess, R.P.3    Conrad, K.A.4    Prochaska, J.F.5
  • 96
    • 79951551216 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Compendium of five reports: (a) overview of risk from BSE via environmental pathways, (b) thruxted mill rendering plant risk assessment of waste disposal options, (c) risk from burning rendered products from the over thirty months scheme in power stations, (d) risks from disposing BSE infected cattle in animal carcase incinerators, (e) assessment of risks from BSE carc
    • Spouge, J., Comer, P., 1997. Compendium of five reports: (a) overview of risk from BSE via environmental pathways, (b) thruxted mill rendering plant risk assessment of waste disposal options, (c) risk from burning rendered products from the over thirty months scheme in power stations, (d) risks from disposing BSE infected cattle in animal carcase incinerators, (e) assessment of risks from BSE carcases in landfills. Report to the Environment Agency.
    • (1997)
    • Spouge, J.1    Comer, P.2
  • 97
    • 0014082550 scopus 로고
    • Scrapie and its wider implications
    • Stamp J.T. Scrapie and its wider implications. Br. Med. Bull. 1967, 23(2):133-137.
    • (1967) Br. Med. Bull. , vol.23 , Issue.2 , pp. 133-137
    • Stamp, J.T.1
  • 98
    • 67349218931 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On-farm carcass disposal options for dairies
    • Stanford K., Sexton B. On-farm carcass disposal options for dairies. Adv. Dairy Technol. 2006, 18:295-302.
    • (2006) Adv. Dairy Technol. , vol.18 , pp. 295-302
    • Stanford, K.1    Sexton, B.2
  • 99
    • 58149335529 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Survey of wastewater indicators and human pathogen genomes in biosolids produced by Class A and Class B stabilization treatments
    • Viau E., Peccia J. Survey of wastewater indicators and human pathogen genomes in biosolids produced by Class A and Class B stabilization treatments. Appl. Environ. Mircobiol. 2009, 75:164-174.
    • (2009) Appl. Environ. Mircobiol. , vol.75 , pp. 164-174
    • Viau, E.1    Peccia, J.2
  • 101
    • 38849189907 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Managing the 2004/05 anthrax outbreak in Queen Elizabeth and Lake Mburo National Parks
    • Wafula M.M., Patrick A., Charles T. Managing the 2004/05 anthrax outbreak in Queen Elizabeth and Lake Mburo National Parks. Uganda. Afr. J. Ecol. 2008, 46:24-31.
    • (2008) Uganda. Afr. J. Ecol. , vol.46 , pp. 24-31
    • Wafula, M.M.1    Patrick, A.2    Charles, T.3
  • 102
    • 47849133456 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Optimisation of the anaerobic digestion of agricultural resources
    • Ward A.J., Hobbs P.J., Holliman P.J., Jones D.L. Optimisation of the anaerobic digestion of agricultural resources. Bioresource Technol. 2008, 99:7928-7940.
    • (2008) Bioresource Technol. , vol.99 , pp. 7928-7940
    • Ward, A.J.1    Hobbs, P.J.2    Holliman, P.J.3    Jones, D.L.4
  • 103
    • 33847078845 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The biosecurity of on-farm mortality composting
    • Wilkinson K.G. The biosecurity of on-farm mortality composting. J. Appl. Microbiol. 2007, 102:609-618.
    • (2007) J. Appl. Microbiol. , vol.102 , pp. 609-618
    • Wilkinson, K.G.1
  • 105
    • 67349166611 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In-vessel bioreduction provides an effective storage and pre-treatment method for livestock carcasses prior to final disposal
    • Williams A.P., Edwards-Jones G., Jones D.L. In-vessel bioreduction provides an effective storage and pre-treatment method for livestock carcasses prior to final disposal. Bioresour. Technol. 2009, 100:4032-4040.
    • (2009) Bioresour. Technol. , vol.100 , pp. 4032-4040
    • Williams, A.P.1    Edwards-Jones, G.2    Jones, D.L.3
  • 107
    • 33745630246 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of fat processing and rendering in the European Union animal production industry
    • Woodgate S., van der Veen Johan The role of fat processing and rendering in the European Union animal production industry. Biotechnol. Agron. Soc. Environ. 2004, 8:283-294.
    • (2004) Biotechnol. Agron. Soc. Environ. , vol.8 , pp. 283-294
    • Woodgate, S.1    van der Veen, J.2
  • 110
    • 38749132888 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PCDD/F concentrations of agricultural soil in the vicinity of fluidized bed incinerators of co-firing MSW with coal in Hangzhou, China
    • Yan J.H., Xu M.X., Lu S.Y., Li X.D., Chen T., Ni M.J., Dai H.F., Cen K.F. PCDD/F concentrations of agricultural soil in the vicinity of fluidized bed incinerators of co-firing MSW with coal in Hangzhou, China. J. Hazard Mater. 2008, 151:522-530.
    • (2008) J. Hazard Mater. , vol.151 , pp. 522-530
    • Yan, J.H.1    Xu, M.X.2    Lu, S.Y.3    Li, X.D.4    Chen, T.5    Ni, M.J.6    Dai, H.F.7    Cen, K.F.8


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.