Migraine-like Visual Aura Due to Focal Cerebral Lesions: Case Series and Review

Survey of Ophthalmology

Volumn 56, Issue 2, 2011, Pages 135-161

  Shams, Pari N ^a,b   Plant, Gordon T ^a,b,c  

^a NATIONAL HOSPITAL FOR NEUROLOGY AND NEUROSURGERY   (United Kingdom)

^b MOORFIELDS EYE HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

^c ST THOMAS HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Cerebral lesions; Epileptic aura; Migraine visual aura; Neuronal hyperexcitability; Occipital lobe epilepsy; Visual hallucinations

Indexed keywords

ANALGESIC AGENT; ANTICONVULSIVE AGENT; GABAPENTIN; IBUPROFEN; ION CHANNEL; PHENYTOIN; PIZOTIFEN; TOPIRAMATE; VALPROIC ACID;

BRAIN CORTEX LESION; BRAIN DAMAGE; BRAIN ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY; CAPILLARY HEMANGIOMA; CHANNELOPATHY; CLINICAL FEATURE; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; DISEASE DURATION; DISEASE PREDISPOSITION; DRUG DOSE REDUCTION; ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAM; EPILEPSY; FAMILIAL HEMIPLEGIC MIGRAINE; GENE MUTATION; GENETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY; HEADACHE; HUMAN; MENINGIOMA; MIGRAINE; MIGRAINE AURA; NAUSEA; NERVE EXCITABILITY; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; PHOTOPHOBIA; PREVALENCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SCOTOMA; SEIZURE; SPREADING CORTICAL DEPRESSION; VISUAL CORTEX; VISUAL FIELD; VISUAL FIELD DEFECT;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGED; BRAIN DISEASES; FEMALE; HALLUCINATIONS; HUMANS; MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; MIGRAINE WITH AURA; OCCIPITAL LOBE; VISUAL FIELD TESTS; VISUAL FIELDS; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 79951544189     PISSN: 00396257     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2010.07.005     Document Type: Review

References (122)

1. Andermann F.A. Migraine and epilepsy: an overview. Migraine and epilepsy 1987, 281-291. Butterworths, Boston. F.A. Andermann, E. Lugaresi (Eds.).
2. Andersen A.R., Friberg L., Olsen T.S., et al. Delayed hyperemia following hypoperfusion in classic migraine. Single photon emission computed tomographic demonstration. Arch Neurol 1988, 45(2):154-159.
3. Aurora S.K., Ahmad B.K., Welch K.M., et al. Transcranial magnetic stimulation confirms hyperexcitability of occipital cortex in migraine. Neurology 1998, 50(4):1111-1114.
4. Baier K.W., Doose H. Migraine and petit mal absence: familial prevalence of migraine and seizures. Migraine and epilepsy 1987, 293-311. Butterworths, Boston. F.A. Andermann, E. Lugaresi (Eds.).
5. Barkley G.L., Tepley N., Simkins R., et al. Neuromagnetic fields in migraine: preliminary findings. Cephalalgia 1990, 10(4):171-176.
6. Barolin G.S. Migraines and epilepsies--a relationship?. Epilepsia 1966, 7(1):53-66.
7. Battistella P.A., Mattesi P., Casara G.L., et al. Bilateral cerebral occipital calcifications and migraine-like headache. Cephalalgia 1987, 7(2):125-129.
8. Beekman R., Nijssen P.C., van Rooij W.J., et al. Migraine with aura after intracranial endovascular procedures. Headache 2001, 41(4):410-413.
9. Bickerstaff E.R. Impairment of consciousness in migraine. Lancet 1961, 2:1057-1059.
10. Binder D.K. A history of Todd and his paralysis. Neurosurgery 2004, 54(2):480-486. discussion 6-7.
11. Blau J.N. Classical migraine: symptoms between visual aura and headache onset. Lancet 1992, 340(8815):355-356.
12. Bolay H., Reuter U., Dunn A.K., et al. Intrinsic brain activity triggers trigeminal meningeal afferents in a migraine model. Nat Med 2002, 8(2):136-142.
13. Bowyer S.M., Mason K.M., Moran J.E., et al. Cortical hyperexcitability in migraine patients before and after sodium valproate treatment. J Clin Neurophysiol 2005, 22(1):65-67.
14. Bravais L.F. Recherches sur les symptômes et le traitement de l'épilepsie hémiplégique 1827, Faculté de Médecine de Paris, Paris.
15. Brindley G.S., Lewin W.S. The sensations produced by electrical stimulation of the visual cortex. J Physiol 1968, 196(2):479-493.
16. Bruera O.C., Lourdes Figuerola M., Gandolfo C., et al. Status migrainosus: an unusual presentation of a brain abscess. Headache 1999, 39(1):55-57.
17. Bruyn G.W. Intracranial arteriovenous malformation and migraine. Cephalalgia 1984, 4(3):191-207.
18. Camfield P.R., Metrakos K., Andermann F. Basilar migraine, seizures, and severe epileptiform EEG abnormalities. Neurology 1978, 28(6):584-588.
19. Chabriat H., Vahedi K., Iba-Zizen M.T., et al. Clinical spectrum of CADASIL: a study of 7 families. Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy. Lancet 1995, 346(8980):934-939.
20. Chen J.S., Ilsen P.F. Parieto-occipital arteriovenous malformation. Optometry 2002, 73(8):477-491.
21. Chronicle E.P., Mulleners W.M. Visual system dysfunction in migraine: a review of clinical and psychophysical findings. Cephalalgia 1996, 16(8):525-535. discussion 3.
22. Cushing H., Bailey P. Tumours Arising from the Blood Vessels of the Brain: Angiomatous Malformations and Hemangioblastomas 1928, Vol. 3. Charles C Thomas, Springfield, 219.
23. Cutrer F.M., Sorensen A.G., Weisskoff R.M., et al. Perfusion-weighted imaging defects during spontaneous migrainous aura. Ann Neurol 1998, 43(1):25-31.
24. D'Andrea G., Cananzi A.R., Joseph R., et al. Platelet glycine, glutamate and aspartate in primary headache. Cephalalgia 1991, 11(4):197-200.
25. de Filippis S., Salvatori E., Bozzao A., et al. Migraine with aura, bipolar depression, ACM aneurysm. A case report. J Headache Pain 2005, 6(2):93-96.
26. De Fusco M., Marconi R., Silvestri L., et al. Haploinsufficiency of ATP1A2 encoding the Na+/K+ pump alpha2 subunit associated with familial hemiplegic migraine type 2. Nat Genet 2003, 33(2):192-196.
27. Debruyne J., Crevits L., Vander Eecken H. Migraine-like headache in intraventricular tumours. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 1982, 84(1):51-57.
28. Dichgans M., Freilinger T., Eckstein G., et al. Mutation in the neuronal voltage-gated sodium channel SCN1A in familial hemiplegic migraine. Lancet 2005, 366(9483):371-377.
29. Donin JF, Keane JR. Migraine, pseudotumor cerebri, blindness and death. Paper presented at the 13th Annual Frank B Walsh Society Meeting. Houston, TX, 1981.
30. Dvorkin G.S., Andermann F.A., Carpenter S. Classical migraine, intractable epilepsy and multiple strokes: a syndrome related to mitochondrial encephalomyopathy. Migraine and epilepsy 1987, 203-232. Butterworths, Boston. F.A. Andermann, E. Lugaresi (Eds.).
31. Fisher C.M. Late-life migraine accompaniments as a cause of unexplained transient ischemic attacks. Can J Neurol Sci 1980, 7(1):9-17.
32. Gassel M.M. Occipital lobe syndromes (excluding hemianopia). Handbook of Clinical Neurology 1969, 640-679. North-Holland Publishing Co, Amsterdam. P.J. Vinken, G.S. Bruyn (Eds.).
33. Gastaut H. A new type of epilepsy: benign partial epilepsy of childhood with occipital spike-waves. Clin Electroencephalogr 1982, 13(1):13-22.
34. Goadsby P.J., Zagami A.S., Lambert G.A. Neural processing of craniovascular pain: a synthesis of the central structures involved in migraine. Headache 1991, 31(6):365-371.
35. Grafstein B. Mechanism of spreading cortical depression. J Neurophysiol 1956, 19(2):154-171.
36. Haas D.C. Arteriovenous malformations and migraine: case reports and an analysis of the relationship. Headache 1991, 31(8):509-513.
37. Hadjikhani N., Sanchez Del Rio M., Wu O., et al. Mechanisms of migraine aura revealed by functional MRI in human visual cortex. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2001, 98(8):4687-4692.
38. Hubel D.H., Wiesel T.N. Sequence regularity and geometry of orientation columns in the monkey striate cortex. J Comp Neurol 1974, 158(3):267-305.
39. Hubel D.H., Livingstone M.S. Segregation of form, color, and stereopsis in primate area 18. J Neurosci 1987, 7(11):3378-3415.
40. Hupp S.L. Migraine. Walsh & Hoyt's Clinical Neuro-ophthalmology 2004, 3657-3723. PA, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia. 6th edition. N.R. Miller, N.J. Newman, V. Biousse (Eds.).
41. Hupp S.L., Kline L.B., Corbett J.J. Visual disturbances of migraine. Surv Ophthalmol 1989, 33(4):221-236.
42. Husid M.S. New onset migraine with aura following head injury: a case report. Headache 2004, 44(10):1048-1050.
43. IHS. The international classification of headache disorders: 2nd edition. Cephalalgia. 2004;24(1):1-160.
44. Jensen K., Tfelt-Hansen P., Lauritzen M., et al. Classic migraine. A prospective recording of symptoms. Acta Neurol Scand 1986, 73(4):359-362.
45. Kattah J.C.L. A.J. Resolution of classic migraine after removal of an occipital lobe AVM. Ann Neurol 1980, 7(1):93.
46. Kinast M., Lueders H., Rothner A.D., et al. Benign focal epileptiform discharges in childhood migraine (BFEDC). Neurology 1982, 32(11):1309-1311.
47. Klapper J. Divalproex sodium in migraine prophylaxis: a dose-controlled study. Cephalalgia 1997, 17(2):103-108.
48. Kowacs P.A., Werneck L.C. Atenolol prophylaxis in migraine secondary to an arteriovenous malformation. Headache 1996, 36(10):625-627.
49. Kun Lee S., Young Lee S., Kim D.W., et al. Occipital lobe epilepsy: clinical characteristics, surgical outcome, and role of diagnostic modalities. Epilepsia 2005, 46(5):688-695.
50. Kupersmith M.J., Berenstein A., Nelson P.K., et al. Visual symptoms with dural arteriovenous malformations draining into occipital veins. Neurology 1999, 52(1):156-162.
51. Kupersmith M.J., Vargas M.E., Yashar A., et al. Occipital arteriovenous malformations: visual disturbances and presentation. Neurology 1996, 46(4):953-957.
52. Kurita H., Shin M., Kirino T. Resolution of migraine with aura caused by an occipital arteriovenous malformation. Arch Neurol 2000, 57(8):1219-1220.
53. Lashley K.S. Patterns of cerebral integration indicated by the scotomas of migraine. Arch Neurol Phychiat 1941, 46:331-339.
54. Lashley K.S. Patterns of cerebral integration indicated by the scotomas of migraine. Arch Neurol Phychiat 1941, 46:331-339.
55. Launer L.J., Terwindt G.M., Ferrari M.D. The prevalence and characteristics of migraine in a population-based cohort: the GEM study. Neurology 1999, 53(3):537-542.
56. Lauritzen M. Pathophysiology of the migraine aura. The spreading depression theory. Brain 1994, 117(Pt 1):199-210.
57. Lauritzen M., Olesen J. Regional cerebral blood flow during migraine attacks by Xenon-133 inhalation and emission tomography. Brain 1984, 107(Pt 2):447-461.
58. Leao A.A.P. Spreading depression of activity in cerebral cortex. J Neurophysiol 1944, 7:359-390.
59. Leao A.A.P. Pial circulation and spreading depression of activity in the cerebral cortex. J Neurophysiol 1944, 7:391-396.
60. Leao A.A.P. Propagation of spreading cortical depression. J Neurophysiol 1945, 8:33-46.
61. Lees F. The migrainous symptoms of cerebral angiomata. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1962, 25:45-50.
62. Lipton R.B., Stewart W.F., Diamond S., et al. Prevalence and burden of migraine in the United States: data from the American Migraine Study II. Headache 2001, 41(7):646-657.
63. Magrotti E., Frascaroli G., Mariani G. Left temporal glioma presenting as migraine with typical aura. Ital J Neurol Sci 1992, 13(5):444.
64. Malik S.N., Young W.B. Midbrain cavernous malformation causing migraine-like headache. Cephalalgia 2006, 26(8):1016-1019.
65. Manzoni G.C., Farina S., Lanfranchi M., et al. Classic migraine-clinical findings in 164 patients. Eur Neurol 1985, 24(3):163-169.
66. Marks D.A., Ehrenberg B.L. Migraine-related seizures in adults with epilepsy, with EEG correlation. Neurology 1993, 43(12):2476-2483.
67. Mattsson P., Svardsudd K., Lundberg P.O., et al. The prevalence of migraine in women aged 40-74 years: a population-based study. Cephalalgia 2000, 20(10):893-899.
68. McCormick D.A., Contreras D. On the cellular and network bases of epileptic seizures. Annu Rev Physiol 2001, 63:815-846.
69. Milner P.M. Note on a possible correspondence between the scotomas of migraine and spreading depression of Leao. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1958, 10(4):705.
70. Monteiro M.L., Hoyt W.F., Imes R.K. Puerperal cerebral blindness. Transient bilateral occipital involvement from presumed cerebral venous thrombosis. Arch Neurol 1984, 41(12):1300-1301.
71. Mulleners W.M., Chronicle E.P., Vredeveld J.W., et al. Visual cortex excitability in migraine before and after valproate prophylaxis: a pilot study using TMS. Eur J Neurol 2002, 9(1):35-40.
72. Mulleners W.M., Chronicle E.P., Palmer J.E., et al. Visual cortex excitability in migraine with and without aura. Headache 2001, 41(6):565-572.
73. Nagata S., Morioka T., Natori Y., et al. Surgical treatment of non-ruptured giant occipital arteriovenous malformations with frequent migraine-like headache. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo) 2006, 46(9):441-445.
74. Newman D.S., Levine S.R., Curtis V.L., et al. Migraine-like visual phenomena associated with cerebral venous thrombosis. Headache 1989, 29(2):82-85.
75. Niedermeyer E. Epilepsy and migraine, in The epilepsies. Diagnosis and Management. Boston, Urban and Schwarzenberg 1990.
76. Nozari A., Dilekoz E., Sukhotinsky I., et al. Microemboli may link spreading depression, migraine aura, and patent foramen ovale. Ann Neurol 2010, 67(2):221-229.
77. Olesen J., Thomsen L.L., Lassen L.H., et al. The nitric oxide hypothesis of migraine and other vascular headaches. Cephalalgia 1995, 15(2):94-100.
78. Olesen J., Friberg L., Olsen T.S., et al. Timing and topography of cerebral blood flow, aura, and headache during migraine attacks. Ann Neurol 1990, 28(6):791-798.
79. Olesen J., Friberg L., Olsen T.S., et al. Ischaemia-induced (symptomatic) migraine attacks may be more frequent than migraine-induced ischaemic insults. Brain 1993, 116(Pt 1):187-202.
80. Olivecrona H. AV aneurysms of the brain. Acta Neurol Psychiatr 1948, 59:567-602.
81. Ophoff R.A., Terwindt G.M., Vergouwe M.N., et al. Familial hemiplegic migraine and episodic ataxia type-2 are caused by mutations in the Ca2+ channel gene CACNL1A4. Cell 1996, 87(3):543-552.
82. Ottman R., Lipton R.B. Comorbidity of migraine and epilepsy. Neurology 1994, 44(11):2105-2110.
83. Panayiotopoulos C.P. Elementary visual hallucinations in migraine and epilepsy. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1994, 57(11):1371-1374.
84. Panayiotopoulos C.P. Visual phenomena and headache in occipital epilepsy: a review, a systematic study and differentiation from migraine. Epileptic Disord 1999, 1(4):205-216.
85. Panayiotopoulos C.P. Elementary visual hallucinations, blindness, and headache in idiopathic occipital epilepsy: differentiation from migraine. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1999, 66(4):536-540.
86. Park-Matsumoto Y.C., Tazawa T., Shimizu J. Migraine with aura-like headache associated with moyamoya disease. Acta Neurol Scand 1999, 100(2):119-121.
87. Peatfield R.C., Gawel M.J., Rose F.C. Asymmetry of the aura and pain in migraine. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1981, 44(9):846-848.
88. Pepin E.P. Cerebral metastasis presenting as migraine with aura. Lancet 1990, 14(336(8707)):127-128.
89. Plant G.T. The fortification spectra of migraine. Br Med J 1986, 293(6562):1613-1617.
90. Ptacek L.J. The place of migraine as a channelopathy. Curr Opin Neurol 1998, 11(3):217-226.
91. Queiroz L., Rapoport A.M., Weeks R.E., et al. Characteristics of migraine visual aura. Headache 1997, 37(3):137-141.
92. Rasmussen B.K., Jensen R., Olesen J. A population-based analysis of the diagnostic criteria of the International Headache Society. Cephalalgia 1991, 11(3):129-134.
93. Reutens D.C., Berkovic S.F., Macdonell R.A., et al. Magnetic stimulation of the brain in generalized epilepsy: reversal of cortical hyperexcitability by anticonvulsants. Ann Neurol 1993, 34(3):351-355.
94. Russell M.B., Olesen J. A nosographic analysis of the migraine aura in a general population. Brain 1996, 119(Pt 2):355-361.
95. Russell M.B., Iversen H.K., Olesen J. Improved description of the migraine aura by a diagnostic aura diary. Cephalalgia 1994, 14(2):107-117.
96. Russell M.B., Rasmussen B.K., Thorvaldsen P., et al. Prevalence and sex ratio of the subtypes of migraine. Int J Epidemiol 1995, 24(3):612-618.
97. Sanchez del Rio M., Bakker D., Wu O., et al. Perfusion weighted imaging during migraine: spontaneous visual aura and headache. Cephalalgia 1999, 19(8):701-707.
98. Selhorst JB, Slatkin N, Waybright EA. Migraine, pseudotumor cerebri, blindness and death. Thirty years of visual migraine. Paper presented at the 13th Annual Frank B Walsh Society Meeting. Houston, TX, 1981.
99. Sharma K., Wahi J., Phadke R.V., et al. Migraine-like visual hallucinations in occipital lesions of cysticercosis. J Neuroophthalmol 2002, 22(2):82-87.
100. Silberstein S.D., Marcelis J. Headache associated with abnormalities in intracranial structure and pressure. Wolff's Headache and Other Head Pain 1993, 438-461. Oxford University Press, New York. D.J. Dalessio, S.D. Silberstein (Eds.).
101. Silvestrini M., Cupini L.M., Calabresi P., et al. Migraine with aura-like syndrome due to arteriovenous malformation. The clinical value of transcranial Doppler in early diagnosis. Cephalalgia 1992, 12(2):115-119.
102. Somjen G.G. Ion regulation in the brain: implications for pathophysiology. Neuroscientist 2002, 8(3):254-267.
103. Somjen G.G., Aitken P.G. The ionic and metabolic responses associated with neuronal depression of Leao's type in cerebral cortex and in hippocampal formation. An Acad Bras Cienc 1984, 56(4):495-504.
104. Sowa M.V., Pituck S. Prolonged spontaneous complex visual hallucinations and illusions as ictal phenomena. Epilepsia 1989, 30S(5):524-526.
105. Spierings E.L. Daily migraine with visual aura associated with an occipital arteriovenous malformation. Headache 2001, 41(2):193-197.
106. Stewart W.F., Shechter A., Rasmussen B.K. Migraine prevalence. A review of population-based studies. Neurology 1994, 44(6 Suppl. 4):S17-S23.
107. Stewart W.F., Linet M.S., Celentano D.D., et al. Age- and sex-specific incidence rates of migraine with and without visual aura. Am J Epidemiol 1991, 134(10):1111-1120.
108. Strong A.J., Fabricius M., Boutelle M.G., et al. Spreading and synchronous depressions of cortical activity in acutely injured human brain. Stroke 2002, 33(12):2738-2743.
109. Troost B.T., Newton T.H. Occipital lobe arteriovenous malformations. Clinical and radiologic features in 26 cases with comments on differentiation from migraine. Arch Ophthalmol 1975, 93(4):250-256.
110. Troost B.T., Mark L.E., Maroon J.C. Resolution of classic migraine after removal of an occipital lobe AVM. Ann Neurol 1979, 5(2):199-201.
111. van der Kamp W., Maassen VanDenBrink A., Ferrari M.D., et al. Interictal cortical hyperexcitability in migraine patients demonstrated with transcranial magnetic stimulation. J Neurol Sci 1996, 139(1):106-110.
112. Van Harreveld A., Ochs S. Electrical and vascular concomitants of spreading depression. Am J Physiol 1957, 189(1):159-166.
113. Verma A., Rosenfeld V., Forteza A., et al. Occipital lobe tumor presenting as migraine with typical aura. Headache 1996, 36(1):49-52.
114. Weiskrantz L., Warrington E.K., Sanders M.D., et al. Visual capacity in the hemianopic field following a restricted occipital ablation. Brain 1974, 97(4):709-728.
115. Welch K.M. Brain hyperexcitability: the basis for antiepileptic drugs in migraine prevention. Headache 2005, 45(Suppl 1):S25-S32.
116. Welch K.M., Ramadan N.M. Mitochondria, magnesium and migraine. J Neurol Sci 1995, 134(1-2):9-14.
117. Welch K.M., Chabi E., Bartosh K., et al. Cerebrospinal fluid gamma aminobutyric acid levels in migraine. Br Med J 1975, 3(5982):516-517.
118. Welch K.M., D'Andrea G., Tepley N., et al. The concept of migraine as a state of central neuronal hyperexcitability. Neurol Clin 1990, 8(4):817-828.
119. Welch K.M., Cao Y., Aurora S., et al. MRI of the occipital cortex, red nucleus, and substantia nigra during visual aura of migraine. Neurology 1998, 51(5):1465-1469.
120. Wijman C.A., Wolf P.A., Kase C.S., et al. Migrainous visual accompaniments are not rare in late life: the Framingham Study. Stroke 1998, 29(8):1539-1543.
121. Wittkowsky L. Ophthalmic migraine in arteriovenous aneurysm; symptoms of hemicranias. Nervenarzt 1952, 23(4):140-143.
122. Woods R.P., Iacoboni M., Mazziotta J.C. Brief report: bilateral spreading cerebral hypoperfusion during spontaneous migraine headache. N Engl J Med 1994, 331(25):1689-1692.