Gender differences in coronary heart disease

Netherlands Heart Journal

Volumn 18, Issue 12, 2010, Pages 598-603

  Maas, A H E M ^a   Appelman, Y E A ^b  

^a ISALA HOSPITAL   (Netherlands)

^b VU UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

Coronary heart disease; Gender differences; Menopause; Risk factors; Women

Indexed keywords

CLOPIDOGREL; FIBRINOGEN RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COENZYME A REDUCTASE INHIBITOR; LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL;

ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME; ANGINA PECTORIS; ANGIOCARDIOGRAPHY; BLEEDING; BODY WEIGHT; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; CIGARETTE SMOKING; CLINICAL FEATURE; CLINICAL TRIAL (TOPIC); COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHIC ANGIOGRAPHY; CORONARY ARTERY BYPASS GRAFT; EARLY INTERVENTION; ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHY; EXERCISE TEST; FEMALE; HUMAN; HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA; HYPERTENSION; ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE; MALE; MEDICAL RESEARCH; MENOPAUSE; METABOLIC SYNDROME X; MULTIDETECTOR COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY; MYOCARDIAL PERFUSION IMAGING; NON INSULIN DEPENDENT DIABETES MELLITUS; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; OVARY POLYCYSTIC DISEASE; PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION; POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY; PROGNOSIS; RESEARCH SUBJECT; REVIEW; RISK FACTOR; SELF CONCEPT; SEX DIFFERENCE; SINGLE PHOTON EMISSION COMPUTER TOMOGRAPHY; ST SEGMENT ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; STRESS ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY; SYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE; TREADMILL EXERCISE; WOMEN'S HEALTH;

EID: 79751502008     PISSN: 15685888     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s12471-010-0841-y     Document Type: Review

References (55)

1. Towfighi A, Zheng L, Ovbiagele B. Sex-specific trends in midlife coronary heart disease risk and prevalence. Arch Intern Med. 2009;169:1762-6.
2. Daly CA, Clemens F, Sendon JL, et al. The clinical characteristics and investigations planned in patients with stable angina presenting to cardiologists in Europe: from the Euro Heart Survey of Stable Angina. Eur Heart J. 2005;26:996-1010.
3. Prescott E, Hippe M, Schnohr P, Hein HO, Vestbo J. Smoking and risk of myocardial infarction in women and men: longitudinal population study. BMJ. 1998; 316:1043-7.
4. Ossewaarde ME, Bots ML, Verbeek AL, et al. Age at menopause, cause-specific mortality and total life expectancy. Epidemiology. 2005;16:556-62.
5. Bairey Merz CN, Johnson BD, Sharaf BL, et al. Hypoestrogenemia of hypothalamic origin and coronary artery disease in premenopausal women: a report from the NHLBI-sponsored WISE study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2003;41:413-9.
6. Sutton-Tyrell K, Lassila HC, Meilahn E, Bunker C, Matthews KA, Kuller LH. Carotid atherosclerosis in premenopausal and postmenopausal women and its association with risk factors measured after menopause. Stroke. 1998;29:1116-21.
7. Matthews KA, Meilahn EN, Kuller LH, Kelsey SF, Caggiula AW, Wing RR. Menopause and risk factors for coronary heart disease. N Engl J Med. 1989;321:641-6.
8. Hochman JS, Tamis, JE, Thompson TD, et al. Sex, clinical presentation, and outcome in patients with acute coronary syndromes. N Engl J Med. 1999;341:226-32.
9. Vaccarino V, Parsons L, Every NR, Barron HV, Krumholz HM. Sex-based differences in early mortality after myocardial infarction. National Registry of Myocardial Infarction 2 Participants. N Engl J Med. 1999;341:217-25.
10. Grundtvig M, Hagen TP, German M, Reikvam A. Sex-based differences in premature first myocardial infarction caused by smoking: twice as many years lost by women as by men. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehab. 2009;16:174-9.
11. Vanhoutte PM, Shimokawa H, Tang EHC, Feletou M. Endothelial dysfunction and vascular disease. Acta Physiol. 2009;196:193-222.
12. Kip KE, Marroquin OC, Kelley DE, et al. Clinical importance of obesity versus the metabolic syndrome in cardiovascular risk in women. Circulation. 2004;109:706-13.
13. Huxley R, Barzi F, Woodward M. Excess risk of fatal coronary heart disease associated with diabetes in men and women: metaanalysis of 37 prospective cohort studies. BMJ. 2006;332:73-8.
14. Burt VL, Whelton P, Roccella EJ, Brown C, Cutler JA, Higgins M, et al. Prevalence of hypertension in the US adult population. Results from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1991. Hypertension. 1995;25:305-13.
15. Dubey RK, Oparil S, Imthurn B, Jackson EK. Sex hormones and hypertension. Cardiovasc Res. 2002;53:688-708.
16. Barton M, Meyer MR. Postmenopausal hypertension. Mechanisms and therapy. Hypertension. 2009; 54:1118.
17. Vasan RS, Larson MG, Leip EP, Evans JC, O'Donnell CJ, Kannel WB, et al. Impact of high-normal blood pressure on the risk of cardiovascular disease. N Engl J Med. 2001;345:1291-7.
18. Maas AHEM, Franke HR. Women's health in menopause with a focus on hypertension. Neth Heart J. 2009;17:69-73.
19. Ikeda H, Inoue T, Uemura S, Kaibara R, Tanaka H, Node K. Effects of candesartan for middle-aged and elderly women with hypertension and menopausal-like symptoms. Hypertens Res. 2006;29:1007-12.
20. Gast G-CM, Grobbee DE, Pop VJM, Keyzer JJ, Wijnandsvan Gent CJM, Samsioe GN, et al. Menopausal complaints are associated with cardiovascular risk factors. Hypertension. 2008;51:1492-8.
21. Abbey M, Owen A, Suzakawa M, Roach P, Nestel PJ. Effects of menopause and hormone replacement therapy on plasma lipids, lipoproteins and LDL-receptor activity. Maturitas. 1999;33:259-69.
22. Kannel WB, Castelli WP, Gordon T, McNamar PM. Serum cholesterol, lipoproteins, and the risk of coronary heart disease. The Framingham Study. Ann Intern Med. 1971;74:1-12.
23. Baigent C, Keech A, Kearny PM, Blackwell L, Buck G, Pollicino C, et al. Cholesterol Treatment Trialists collaborators. Efficacy and safety of cholesterol-lowering treatment: prospective meta-analysis of data from 90.056 participants in 14 randomised trials of statins. Lancet. 2005;366:1267-78.
24. Mizuno K, Nakaya N, Ohashi Y, Tajima N, Kushiro T, Teramoto T, et al. Usefulness of pravastatin in primary prevention of cardiovascular events in women. Analysis of the management of elevated cholesterol in the primary prevention group of adult Japanese (MEGA-study). Circulation. 2008;117:494-502.
25. Ridker PM, Danielson E, Fonseca FA, Genest J, Gotto AM, Kastelein JJ, et al. Rosuvastatin to prevent vascular events in men and women with elevated C-reactive protein. N Engl J Med. 2008;359:2195-207.
26. Setji TL, Brown AJ. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: diagnosis and treatment. Am J Med. 2007; 120:128-32.
27. Shaw LJ, Bairey Merz N, Azziz R, Stanczyk FZ, Sopko G, Braunstein GD, et al. Postmenopausal women with a history of irregular menses and elevated androgen measurements at high risk for worsening cardiovascular event-free survival: results from the National Institutes of Health-NHLBI sponsored Women's Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2008;93:1276-84.
28. Bellamy L, Casas JP, Hingorani AD, Williams DJ. Pre-eclampsia and risk of cardiovascular disease and cancer later in life: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ. 2007;335:974-85.
29. McDonald SD, Malinowski A, Zhou Q, Yusuf S, Devereaux PJ. Cardiovascular sequelae of preeclampsia/eclampsia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am Heart J. 2008;156:918-30.
30. Bellamy L, Casas JP, Hingorani AD, Williams D. Type 2 diabetes mellitus after gestational diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet. 2009;373:1773-9.
31. Mosca L, Banka CL, Benjamin EJ, et al. Evidence-based guidelines for cardiovascular disease prevention in women: 2007 update. Circulation. 2007;115:1481-501.
32. Douglas PS, Ginsburg GS. The evaluation of chest pain in women. N Engl J Med. 1996;334:1311-5.
33. Mieres JH, Shaw LJ, Arai A, Budoff MJ, Flamm SD, Hundley G, et al. Role of non-invasive testing in the clinical evaluation of women with suspected coronary artery disease. Circulation. 2005;111:682-96.
34. Johnson BD, Kelsey SF, Bairey Merz CN. Clinical risk assessment in women: chest discomfort. Report from the WISE study. In: Shaw LJ, Redberg RF editors. CAD in women: evidence- based diagnosis and treatment. Totowa, NJ. Humana Press, 2003:129-42.
35. Pepine CJ, Kerensky RA, Lambert CR, Smith KM, von Mering GO, Sopko G, et al. Some thoughts on the vasculopathy of women with ischemic heart disease. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2006;47(suppl): S30-S35.
36. Hemingway H, Langenberg C, Damant J, Frost C, Pyörälä K, Barrett-Connor E. Prevalence of angina in women versus men. A systematic review and meta-analysis of international variations across 31 countries. Circulation. 2008; 117:1526-36.
37. Shaw LJ, Bugiardini R, Bairey Merz CN. Women and ischemic heart disease. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2009;54:1561-75.
38. Robinson JG, Wallace R, Limacher M, Ren H, Cochrane B, Wassertheil-Smoller S, et al. Cardiovascular risk in women with non-specific chest pain (from the Women's Health Initiative hormone trials). Am J Cardiol. 2008;102:693-9.
39. Humphries KH, Pu A, Gao M, Carere RG, Pilote L. Angina with "normal" coronary arteries: sex differences in outcome. Am Heart J. 2008;155:375-81.
40. Morise AP, Olson MB, Bairey Merz NC, Mankad S, Rogers WJ, Pepine CJ, et al. Validation of the accuracy of pretest and exercise test scores in women with a low prevalence of coronary disease: the NHLB sponsored Women's Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation (WISE) study. Am Heart J. 2004;147:1085-92.
41. Reis SE, Holubkov R, Conrad Smith AJ, Kelsey SF, Sharaf BL, Reichek N, et al. Coronary microvascular dysfunction is highly prevalent in women with chest pain in the absence of coronary artery disease: results from the NHLBI WISE study. Am Heart J. 2001;141:735-41.
42. Raggi P, Gongora MC, Gopal A, Callister TQ, Budoff M, Shaw LJ. Coronary artery calcium to predict all cause mortality in elderly men and women. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2008;52:17-23.
43. Milner KA, Funk M, Richards S, Wilmes RM, Vaccarino V, Krumholz HM. Gender differences in symptom presentation associated with coronary heart disease. Am J Cardiol. 1999;84:396-9.
44. Dey S, Flather MD, Devlin G, Brieger D, Gurfunkel EP, Steg PG, et al Sex-related differences in the presentation, treatment and outcomes among patients with acute coronary syndromes: the Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events. Heart. 2009;95:20-6.
45. Pope JH, Aufderheide TP, Ruthazer R, Woolard RH, Feldman JA, Beshansky JR, et al. Missed Diagnoses of Acute Cardiac Ischemia in the Emergency Department. N Engl J Med. 2000;342:1163-70.
46. Milcent C, Dormont B, Durand-Zaleski I, Steg PG. Gender differences in hospital mortality and use of percutaneous coronary intervention in acute myocardial infarction. Circulation. 2007;115:833-9.
47. Jacobs AK. Coronary intervention in 2009. Are women no different than men? Circ Cardiovasc Intervent. 2009;2:69-78.
48. Berger JS, Elliott L, Gallup D, Roe M, Granger CB, Armstrong PW, et al. Sex differences in mortality following acute coronary syndromes. JAMA. 2009;302:874-82.
49. Clayton TC, Pocock SJ, Henderson RA, Poole-Wilson PA, Shaw TR, Knight R, et al. Do men benefit more than women from an interventional strategy in patients with unstable angina or non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction? The impact of gender in the RITA3 trial. Eur Heart J. 2004;25:1641-50.
50. Donoghue MO, Boden W, Braunwald E, Cannon CP, Clayton TC, de Winter RJ, et al. Early invasive versus conservative treatment strategies in women and men with unstable angina and non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction. JAMA. 2008;300:71-80.
51. Vaccarino V, Abramson JL, Veledar E, et al. Sex differences in hospital mortality after coronary artery bypass surgery: evidence for a higher mortality in younger women. Circulation. 2002;105:1176-81.
52. Alexander KP, Chen AY, Newby LK, et al. Sex differences in major bleeding with glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors: results from the CRUSADE initiative. Circulation. 2006;114:1380-7.
53. Berger JS, Bhatt DL, Cannon CP, Chen Z, Jiang L, Jones JB, et al. The relative efficacy and safety of clopidogrel in women and men. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2009;54:1935-45.
54. Phan A, Shufelt C, Bairey Merx NC. Persistent chest pain and no obstructive coronary artery disease. JAMA. 2009;301:1468-74.
55. Gulati M, Cooper-DeHoff RM, McClure C, Johnson D, Shaw LJ, Handberg EM, et al. Adverse cardiovascular outcomes in women with nonobstructive coronary artery disease. A report from the Women's Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation Study and the St James Women take Heart Project. Arch Intern Med. 2009;169:843-50.