Distribution of iodine in soils of Northern Ireland

Geochemistry: Exploration, Environment, Analysis

Volumn 11, Issue 1, 2011, Pages 25-39

  Smyth, Dermot ^a,b   Johnson, Christopher C ^c  

^a GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF NORTHERN IRELAND   (United Kingdom)

^b Lonmin Plc   (United Kingdom)

^c BRITISH GEOLOGICAL SURVEY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Geochemistry; Iodine; Northern Ireland; Sediment; Soil; XRFS

Indexed keywords

DISTRIBUTED DATABASE SYSTEMS; ENERGY DISPERSIVE SPECTROSCOPY; FLUORESCENCE SPECTROSCOPY; GEOCHEMISTRY; SEDIMENTS; SOILS; TRACE ELEMENTS;

ANALYTICAL METHODOLOGY; ENERGY DISPERSIVE X-RAY FLUORESCENCE SPECTROMETRIES; IODINE DEFICIENCY DISORDERS; NORTHERN IRELAND; ORGANIC CONTENT; STREAM SEDIMENTS; SURFACE ENVIRONMENTS; XRFS;

IODINE;

GEOCHEMISTRY; GEOLOGICAL MAPPING; IODINE; SOIL CHEMISTRY; SPECTROPHOTOMETRY; TRACE ELEMENT; X-RAY FLUORESCENCE;

NORTHERN IRELAND; UNITED KINGDOM;

EID: 79751482809     PISSN: 14677873     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1144/1467-7873/09-015     Document Type: Article

References (45)

1. ANDER, E.L., JOHNSON, C.C., FORDYCE, F.M., BREWARD, N. & SCHEIB, A.J. 2008. Iodine and selenium in soils from East Anglia. EGU2008-A-00000. EGU General Assembly. 13th-18th April, 2008. Geophysical Research Abstracts, 10.
2. ANKE, M., GROPPEL, B., MULLER, M., SCHOLZ, E. & KRAMER, K. 1995. The Iodine Supply of Humans Depending On Site, Food Offer and Water-Supply. Fresenius Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 352, 97-101.
3. CHAMBERLAIN, A.C. & DUNSTER, H.J. 1958. Deposition of radioactivity in N.W. England from the accident at Windscale. Nature, 182, 629-630.
4. CHINA NATIONAL ANALYSIS CENTER FOR IRON AND STEEL 1998. Soil. Certificate of Certified Reference Materials NCS DC 73319-NCS DC 73326. China National Analysis Center for Iron and Steel, Beijing, China.
5. CIEB 1956. Geochemistry of Iodine. Chilean Iodine Educational Bureau, London, Shenval Press.
6. COHEN, L.B. 1985. The origin of I in soil and the I-129 problem. Health Physics, 279-285.
7. CRUICKSHANK, J.G. 1997. Soil and Environment: Northern Ireland. Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast.
8. DARNLEY, G.A. 1995. International geochemical mapping - a review. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 55, 5-10.
9. DARNLEY, A.G., BJÖRKLUND, A. ET AL. 1995. A global geochemical database for environmental and resource management: recommendations for international geochemical mapping. Final report of IGCP Project 259. UNESCO Publishing, Ottawa.
10. DE CARITAT, P., LECH, M.E. & MCPHERSON, A.A. 2008. Geochemical mapping 'down under': selected results from pilot projects and strategy outline for the National Geochemical Survey of Australia. Geochemistry: Exploration, Environment, Analysis, 8, 301-312.
11. DE VOS, W., TARVAINEN, T. ET AL. (Chief eds.), 2006. Geochemical atlas of Europe. Part 2 - interpretation of geochemical maps, additional tables, figures, maps, and related publications. Geological Survey of Finland, Espoo.
12. FLIGHT, D.M.A. 1995. Results of a Pilot Geochemical Survey, Northern Ireland. Technical Report No. GSNI/95/6. British Geological Survey, Keyworth, UK.
13. FORDYCE, F.M., JOHNSON, C.C., NAVARATNE, U.R.B., APPLETON, J.D. & DISSANAYAKE, C.B. 1998 Studies of Selenium Geochemistry and Distribution in Relation to Iodine Defińeny Disorders in Sri Lanka. Overseas Geology Series Technical Report, WC/98/23. British Geological Survey, Keyworth, UK.
14. FORDYCE, F.M., STEWART, A.G., GE, X., JIANG, J.J. & CAVE, M. 2003. Enńronmental Controls in IDD: A case study in the Xinjiang Province of China. Technical Report CR/01/45N. British Geological Survey, Keyworth, UK
15. FUGE, R. 1996. Geochemistry of iodine in relation to iodine deficiency diseases. In: APPLETON, J.D., FUGE, R. & MCCALL, G.J.H. (eds) Enńronmental Geochemistry and Health. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 113, 201-211.
16. FUGE, R. 2005. Soils and Iodine Deficiency. In: SELINUS, O. (ed.) Essentials of Medical Geology. Chapter 16, Elsevier, London, 417-433.
17. FUGE, R & JOHNSON, C.C. 1984. Evidence for the chalcophile nature of iodine. Chemical Geology, 43, 347-352.
18. FUGE, R. & ANDER, E.L. 1998. Geochemical barriers and the distribution of iodine in the secondary environment: implications for radio-iodine. In: NICHOLSON, K. (ed.) Energy and the Environment: Geochemistry of fossil, nuclear and renewable resources. MacGregor Science, Insch, Scotland, 163-170.
19. FUGE, R, JOHNSON, C.C. & PHILLIPS, W.J. 1978. An automated method for the determination of iodine in geochemical samples. Chemical Geology, 23, 255-265.
20. GROPPEL, B. & ANKE, M. 1986. Iodine content of feedstuffs, plants and drinking water in the GDR. In: Iodine. Spurenelement Symposium Proceedings, 5, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, 19-28.
21. GSNI. 1991. Quaternary Geological Map of Northern Ireland. 1:250 000. Geological Survey of Northern Ireland, British Geological Survey, Keyworth, UK.
22. GSNI. 1997. Solid Geology Map of Northern Ireland (second edition). 1:250000. Geological Survey of Northern Ireland. British Geological Survey, Keyworth, UK.
23. HARRISON, H.M., GOWING, C.J.B. & INGHAM, M.N. 2007. The validation of the determination of trace elements by energy dispersive polarised X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. British Geological Survey Internal Report, OR/07/012.
24. HETZEL, B.S. & MABERLY, G.F. 1986. Iodine. In: MERZT, W. (ed.) Trace Elements in Human and Animal Nutrition, 2, Academic Press, Orlando, San Diego, 139-208.
25. JOHNSON, C.C. 1980. The geochemistry of iodine and a preliminary investigation into its potential use as a pathfinder element in geochemical exploration. PhD Thesis, University College of Wales, Aberystwyth.
26. JOHNSON, C.C. 2003. Database of the iodine content of soils populated with data from published literature. British Geological Survey, Commissioned Report No. CR/03/004N. British Geological Survey, Keyworth, UK.
27. JOHNSON, C.C., STRUTT, M.H., HMEURRAS, M. & MOUNIR, M. 2002. Iodine in the Environment of the High Atlas Mountain area of Morocco. British Geological Survey. Commissioned Report No. CR/02/196. British Geological Survey, Keyworth, UK.
28. JOHNSON, C.C. 2005. G-BASE Field Procedures Manual. British Geological Survey Internal Report No. IR/05/097. British Geological Survey, Keyworth, UK. Available online at http://nora.nerc.ac.uk/5190/1/2005proceduresmanual.pdf (last access 17/11/2010).
29. JOHNSON, C.C., BREWARD, N., ANDER, E.L. & AULT, L. 2005. G-BASE: baseline geochemical mapping of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. Geochemistry: Exploration, Environment, Analysis, 5, 347-357.
30. JOHNSON, C.C., ANDER, E.L., LISTER, T.R. & FLIGHT, D.M.A. 2008. Data conditioning of environmental geochemical data: quality control procedures used in the British Geological Survey's Regional Geochemical Mapping Project. In: DE VIVO, B., BELKIN, H.E. & LIMA, A. (eds) Environmental Geochemistry: Site characterisation, data analysis and case histories. Chapter 5, Elsevier, Oxford, 93-118.
31. JORDAN, C. & HIGGINS, A. 2007. Soil maps for Northern Ireland at a scale of 1:50 000. Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Belfast. In: CRUICKSHANK, J.G. (ed.) 1997. Soil and Environment: Northern Ireland. Agricultural and Environmental Science Department, Queen's University, Belfast.
32. JORDAN, C., HIGGINS, A., HAMILL, K.P. & CRUICKSHANK, J.G. 2000. The Soil Geochemical Atlas of Northern Ireland: Millennium Edition. Department of Agriculture and Rural Development (DARD), Belfast, Northern Ireland.
33. KOUTRAS, D.A. 1980. Europe and the Middle East. In: STANBURY, J.B. & HETZEL, B.S. (eds) Endemic Goitre and Endemic Cretinism. Section 1. The present status of endemic goitre as a problem of the public health. Chapter 4, Wiley, New York, 79-100.
34. LYNCH, J. 1990. Provisional elemental values for eight new geochemical lake sediment and stream sediment reference materials LKSD-1, LKSD-2, LKSD-3, LKSD-4, STSD-1, STSD-2, STSD-3 and STSD-4. Geostandards Newsletter, 14, 153-167.
35. MCLAUGHLIN, E., KELLY, J., BIRKETT, D., MAGGS, C. & DRING, M. 2006. Assessment of the effects of commercial seaweed harvesting on intertidal and subtidal ecology in Northern Ireland. Research and Development Series. No. 06/26. Environment and Heritage Service, Northern Ireland.
36. MITCHELL, W.I. (ed.) 2004. The Geology of Northern Ireland - Our Natural Foundation. 2nd edn. Geological Survey of Northern Ireland, Belfast.
37. SAIKAT, S.Q., CARTER, J.E., MEHRA, B., SMITH, B. & STEWART, A. 2004. Goitre and environmental iodine deficiency in the UK-Derbyshire: a review. Environmental Geochemistry and Health, 26, 395-401.
38. SALMINEN, R., BATISTA, M.J. ETAL. (Chief-editor), 2005. FOREGS Geochemical atlas of Europe, Part 1: background information, methodology and maps. Geological Survey of Finland, Espoo.
39. SCHNELL, D. & AUMANN, D.C. 1999. The origin of iodine in soil: II. Iodine in soils of Germany. Chemie Der Erde-Geochemistry, 59, 69-76.
40. SHEPPARD, C.S., EVENDEN, W.G. & AMIRO, B.D. 1993. Investigation of the soil-to-plant pathway for I, Br, Cl and F. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 21, 9-32.
41. SMYTH, D. 2007. Methods used in the Tellus Geochemical Mapping of Northern Ireland. British Geological Survey Open-file Report OR/07/022. British Geological Survey, Keyworth, UK.
42. SMYTH, D. 2008. Shallow Soil Iodine (5 to 20cm depth, XRF). 1:250 000 Regional Geochemistry Series Map. Geological Survey of Northern Ireland.
43. STEWART, A.G., CARTER, J., PARKER, A. & ALLOWAY, B.J. 2003. The illusion of environmental iodine deficiency. Environmental Geochemistry and Health, 25, 165-170.
44. UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY (USGS). 2004. The National Geochemical Survey; Database and Documentation. USGS Open-file Report 2004-1001. Version 1.
45. YOUNG, M.E. & SMYTH, D. 2005. New geoscience surveys in Northern Ireland. European Geologist, 19, 24-26.