Discourse and reality in international information society policy: The dominant scenario and its application in the developing world

Communicatio

Volumn 29, Issue 1-2, 2003, Pages 79-113

  Van Audenhove, Leo ^a   Burgelman, Jean Claude ^a   Cammaerts, Bart ^a   Nulens, Gert ^a  

^a FREE UNIVERSITY OF BRUSSELS   (Belgium)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 79751473810     PISSN: 02500167     EISSN: 17535379     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/02500160308538022     Document Type: Article

References (108)

1. Bagchi-Sen, S Das, P. 1995. Foreign direct investment by the US Bells, In Telecommunications politics. Ownership and control of the Information Highway in Developing Countries, ed. B Mody, J M Bauer, J D Straubhaar. Manwah: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 85–112.
2. Economic Commission for Africa. 1999. The way forward, to a people-centred African information society, ECA African Development Forum [O] 99:http://www.un.org/Depts/eca/ .
3. Economic Commission for Africa. 1996a. African Information Society Initiative (AISI): An action framework to build Africa's information and communication infrastructure. Addis Abeba, ECA.
4. Economic Commission for Africa. 1996b. Background Information. Addis Abeba, ECA, http://www.bellanet.org/partners/aisi/more/about.htm.
5. El Sherif H. 1996. Information Society and Development (ISAD) Conference. Chair's Conclusions. In Information and communication for development: Nationalism, regionalism and globalism in building the global information society. GIIC Report on the Global Information Society and Development Forum. Midrand, South Africa, 14 May 1996, ed. D Cogbum. Washington, Center for Strategic and International Studies, 119–124.
6. European Commission. 1997. Green Paper on the convergence of the telecommunications, media and information technology sectors, the implications for regulation., Brussels: European Commission.
7. European Commission. 1994. Europe and the global information society. Recommendations to the European Council, Brussels: European Commission.
8. Freeman, C., 1995. Information highways and social change., Ottawa: IDRC.
9. Freeman, C, and Soete, L., 1994. Work for all or mass enemployment: Computerised technical change into the 21st Century, London: Pinter Publishers.
10. G8. 2000. G8 Okinawa Charter on Global Information Society. Japanese Government: [O]:http://www.g8kyushu-okinawa.go.jp/ .
11. G8. 2000a. G8 Kyushu-Okinawa Summit Meeting 2000. Japanese Government: [O]:http://www.g8kyushu-okinawa.go.jp/ .
12. G8. 2000b. G8 Okinawa Charter on Global Information Society. Japanese Government: [O]:http://www.g8kyushu-okinawa.go.jp/ .
13. G8. 2002. G8 Africa Action Plan. Kananaskis Summit, Canadian Government
14. Garnham, N. 1997. “ Universal service. ”. In Telecom reform. Pinciples, policies and regulatory practices, 207–212.
15. Global Knowledge Partnership 1997. Global Knowledge 97. Storyline, GKP [O]:http://www.globalknowledge.org/GK97/storyline.html .
16. Global Knowledge Partnership 2000. The Global Knowledge Partnership. Who we are, GKP, http://www.globalknowledge.org/whoarewe.html.
17. Gore, A. 1996. “ Discours d'Al Gore l'International Telecommunication Union, Buenos Aires, 21 mars 1994. ”. In Multimedia et communication usage humain. Vers une maîtrise sociale des autoroutes de l'information. Matriaux pour un dbat, 77–87.
18. Graham, S, Cornford, J, and Marvin, S., 1996. The socio-economic benefits of a universal telephone network. A demand-side view of universal service. Telecommunications Policy, 20 (1): 3–10.
19. Group of Lisbon. 1994. Limits to competition., Brussels: VUBPress.
20. Held, D, McGrew, A Goldblatt, D, Perraton and J. 1999. Global Transformations. Politics, economics and culture., Cambridge: Polity Press.
21. Henten, A. 1999. “ Will Information Societies Be Welfare Societies? ”. In Communication, citizenship, social policy. Rethinking the limits of the welfare state, Edited by: Calabrese, A, and Burgelman, J C. 77–90. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.
22. High-level Expert Group. 1997. Building the European information society for us all. Final policy report of the High-level Expert Group, Brussels: European Commission.
23. High-level Expert Group. 1997. Building the European information society for us all. Final report of the high-level expert group., Luxembourg: European Communities.
24. HLE see High-level Expert Group.
25. Hodge, J Miller, J. 1996. Information technology in South Africa. NTTF. [O]http://www.wn.apc.org/nitf
26. Horwitz, R B. 1997. Telecommunications policy in the new South Africa: participatory politics and sectoral reform. Communicatio, 23 (2): 63–78.
27. Hudson and H E. 1984. When telephones reach the village. The role of telecommunications in rural development., Norwood: Ablax Publishing Corporation.
28. Hudson and H E. 1997. Global Connections. International telecommunications infrastructure and policy., New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold.
29. Information Society Forum. 1996. Making the most of the Information Society in the European Union. First annual report to the European Commission from the Information Society Forum., Brussels: European Community.
30. International Telecommunications Union. 1996. African telecommunication indicators., Geneve: ITU/BDT.
31. International Telecommunications Union. 1996a. The African Green Paper. Telecommunications for Africa., Geneva: ITU/Telecommunication Development Bureau (BDT).
32. International Telecommunications Union. 1999. World telecommunications development report. Mobile Cellular., Geneva: ITU.
33. International Telecommunications Union. 1999a. Trends in telecommunications reform. Convergence and regulation., Geneva: International Telecommunication Union, 130.
34. International Telecommunicatons Union. 1984. The missing link: Report of the independent commission for world-wide telecommunications development., Geneva: International Telecommunication Union.
35. International Telecommunications Union. 1996. The African Green Paper. Telecommunications for Africa., Geneva: ITU, Telecommunication Development Bureau (BDT).
36. International Telecommunications Union. 1998. World Telecommunications Development Report Universal Access, Geneva: International Telecommunication Union.
37. International Telecommunications Union. 1999. Trends in Telecommunications Reform Convergence and Regulation, Geneva: International Telecommunication Union.
38. International Telecommunications Union. 1999. World Telecommunications Development Report. 1999. Mobile Cellular., Geneva: International Telecommunication Union.
39. Jensen M., 1996. A guide to improving Internet access in Africa with wireless technologies. IDRC, http://www.idrc.ca/acacia/studies/ir-jens.htm.
40. Joosten, M. 1991. Informatie en Informatiebeleid 31–36.
41. Lazarus, W., and Lora, F., 2000. Online content for low-income and underserved Americans: The digital divide's new frontier., Santa Monica: The Children's Partnership.
42. Lyon, D. 1995. “ The roots of the information society idea ”. In Information technology and society, Edited by: Heap, N, Thomas, R, Einon, G, Mason, R, and Mackay, H. 54–73. London: Sage Publications.
43. Mansell, R, and Silverstone, R. 1996. “ Introduction. ”. In Communication by design. The politics of information and communication technologies, Edited by: Mansell, R, and Silverstone, R., 1–14. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
44. Mansell, R., and Wehn, U., 1998. Knowledge societies: Information technology for sustainable development., Oxford: Oxford University Press.
45. Mansell, R. 1996. “ Communication by design? ”. In Communication by design. The politics of information and communication technologies, 15–43.
46. Mbeki, T. 1998. “ South Africa and the Information Superhighway, G7 Conference on the Information Society, Brussels, Belgium, 24 February 1995. ”. In Africa. The time has come, Edited by: Mbeki, T., 151–155. Tafelberg and Mafube: Johannesburg.
47. McCormick, P K. 1997. Telecommunications divestment. An erosion of democracy in the Caribbean. Gazette, 59 (2): 91–104.
48. Melody and W H. 1991. “ The information society: The transnational economic context and its implications, ”. In Transnational communications. Wiring the Third World, Edited by: G Sussman and J A Lent. 27–41. Newbury Park: Sage.
49. Melody, W H. 1997a. Privatisation: a story of successes, failure and regrets. Intermedia, 25 (3): 14–17.
50. Melody, W H. 1997b. On the meaning and importance of 'independence' in telecom reform. Telecommunications Policy, 21 (3): 195–199.
51. Melody, W H. 1997c. “ Designing a workable telecom regulatory structure for 21st century information societies ”. In Telecom reform. Principles, policies and regulatory practices, Edited by: Melody, W H., 489–502. Lyngby: Technical university of Denmark.
52. Melody and W H. 1997d. Towards a framework for designing information society policies. Communicatio, 23 (2): 79–89.
53. Melody, W H., 1999. Telecom reform: progress and prospects. Telecommunications Policy, 23: 7–34.
54. Melody, W H., 1999a. Network diffusion policies. Telecommunications Policy, 23: 361–362.
55. Miller, J., 1996. The Information Society and Development Conference. Gallagher Estate, Midrand, South Africa, May. Summary Report, 13–15. National Information Technology Forum [O]
56. Mody, B, and Tsui, L -S., 1995. “ The changing role of the state. ”. In Telecommunications politics. Ownership and control of the information highway in developing Countries, Edited by: Mody, B, Bauer, J M, and Straubhaar, J D., 179–198. Manwah: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
57. Mody, B, Bauer, J M, and Straubhaar, J D., 1995. “ Introduction. ”. In Telecommunications politics. Ownership and control of the information highway in developing countries, Edited by: Mody, B, Bauer, J M, and Straubhaar, J D., xv–xxviii. Mahwah: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
58. Mohammadi, A. 1997. “ Communication and the globalization process in the developing world. ”. In International communication and globalization. A crititcal introduction, Edited by: Mohammadi, A., 67–89. London: Sage Publications.
59. Moore, N. 1997. The Political Quarterly 276–283.
60. Moore, N. 1997. “ The Information Society. ”. In World Information Report 1997/98, 271–284. Paris: Unesco.
61. Murakami, Y., 1996. An anticlassical political-economic analysis. A vision for the next century, Stanford: Stanford University Press.
62. The national information infrastructure: Agenda for Action.National Telecommunications and Information Administration. 1993. ibiblio, [O]:http://www.ibiblio.org/nii/ .
63. National Information Technology Forum. 1996. Proposed Developing World Principles, National Information Technology Forum. [O]:http://www.sn.apc.org/nitf/isaddev.htm .
64. Nulens, G and Van Audenhove, and L. 1999. An information society in Africa? An analysis of the information society policy of the World Bank, ITU and ECA. Gazette, 61 (6): 451–471.
65. Nulens, G. 1997. Socio-cultural aspects of information technology in Africa. The policy of the World Bank. Communicatio, South African Journal for Communication Theory and Research., 23 (2): 15–23.
66. O Siochru S. 1996. Universal service in the Global Infromation Society: problems and prospects, Telios.
67. O Siochru, S. September 1997. Telecommunications and universal service. International experience and the South African effort, international Development Research Centre, [O]:http://www.idrc.ca/books/focus/809/809.html .
68. OECD. 1996a. Information infrastructure policies in OECD countries. Paris: OECD.
69. OECD. 1996b. Local telecommunication competition: Developments and policy issues., Paris: OECD.
70. OECD. 1997a. Global Information Infrastructure-Global Information Society (GII-GIS). Policy recommendations for action., Paris: OECD.
71. OECD. 1997b. GII-GIS Policy Recommendations for Actions, Paris: OECD.
72. OECD. 2000. Understanding the Digital Divide., Paris: OECD.
73. Parker, E B, Hudson and H E. 1995. Electronic byways. State policies for rural development through telecommunications.), second edition, Washington: The Aspen Institute.
74. Preston, P. 1995. Competition in the telecommunications infrastructure: implications for the peripheral regions and small countries in Europe. Telecommunications Policy, 19 (4): 253–271.
75. Ramamurti, R. 1996. “ The new frontiers of privatization. ”. In Privatizing monopolies: lessons from the telelcommunications and transport sectors in Latin-America, Edited by: Ramamurti, R., 1–45. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
76. Rapley J., 1997. Understanding development. Theory and practice in the Third World. London: UCL Press.
77. Ros, A J, and Banerjee, A., 2000. Telecommunications privatization and tarrif rebalancing: evidence from Latin America. Telecommunications Policy, 24: 233–252.
78. Ruigrok, W, and Van Tulder, R., 1995. The logic of international restructuring., London: Routledge.
79. Samarajiva, R. 2000. Establishing the legitimacy of new regulatory agencies. Telecommunications Policy., 24: 183–187.
80. Sassen, S. 1999. “ The state and the new geography of power. ”. In Communication, citizenship, social policy. Rethinking the limits of the welfare state, Edited by: Calabrese, A, and Burgelman, J C., 17–31. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.
81. Saunders R J, Warford J J, Wellenius B., 1994. Telecommunications and economic development., Second edition Baltimore: Hopkins University Press.
82. Schiller, H I., 1996. Information inequality. The deepening social crisis in America., New York: Routledge.
83. Strange, S. 1997. “ Cave! Hic dragones: a critique of regime analysis. ”. In The politics of global governance. International organizations in an interdependent world, Edited by: Diehl, P F., 41–56. Boulder/London: Lynne Riener.
84. Straubhaar, J D. 1995. “ From PTT to privat: Liberalization and privatization in Eastern Europe and the Third World. ”. In Telecommunications politics. Ownership and control of the information highway in developing countries, Edited by: Mody, B, Bauer, J M, and Straubhaar, J D., 3–30. Manwah: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
85. Straubhaar, J D, McCormick, P K, Bauer, J M, and Campbell, C., 1995. “ Telecommunications restructuring: the experience of eight countries ”. In Telecommunications politics. Ownership and control of the information highway in developing countries, Edited by: Mody, B, Bauer, J M, and Straubhaar, J D., 225–245. Manwah: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
86. Talero E. 1995. Harnessing information for development, Information Technology. Developing Countries (A newsletter of IFIP Working Group 9.4 and Commonwealth Network for Information Technology), 5(4), 9–14.
87. Talero, E, and Gaudette, P. 1995. Harnessing information for development. A proposal for a World Bank group startegy, Washington: World Bank, World Bank Discussion Papers.
88. Tarjanne, P. 1999. Preparing for the next revolution in telecommunications: implementing the WTO. Telecommunications Policy, 23: 51–63.
89. Tudesq, A -J. 1992. l'Afrique Noire et ses Télévisions., Paris: Anthropos INA.
90. Tyler, M, and Bednarczyck, S., 1993. “ Regulatory institutions and processes in telecommunications. An international study of alternatives ”. In Telecommunications Policy, 650–676.
91. United Nations Development Programme. 1999. Human Development Report 1999. Globalisation with a human face., New York: Oxford University Press.
92. United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation. 1996. UNESCO and the information society for all., Paris: United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organisation.
93. United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation. 1998. 29/Resolution 28 Major Programme IV: Communication, Information and Informatics, UNESCO, [O]:http://www.unesco.org/webworld/gen_resolution.html .
94. Van Audenhove, L., 1998. The African information society: rhetoric and practice. Communicatio, South African Journal for Communication Theory and Research, 24 (1): 76–84.
95. Van Audenhove, L., 1999. “ Uitdagingen voor het Zuiden. In ‘De Digitale Kloof. De informatierevolutie en het Zuiden’ ”. In Noord-Zuid Cahier, Edited by: Nulens, G, Van Audenhove, L, and Burgelman, J C., Vol. 24, 37–47.
96. Van Audenhove, L., 1999a. South Africa's Information Society Policy: an overview. Communicatio, South African Journal for Communication Theory and Research, 25 (1/2): 15–27.
97. Van Audenhove L., 2003. Towards a more integrated information society policy In South Africa: an overview of political rhetoric and policy initiatives between 1994 and 2000. Human Sciences Research Council South Africa, Occasional Paper Series.
98. Van Audenhove, L, Burgelman, J C, Nulens, G, and Cammaerts, B., 1999. Information Society Policy in the Developing World: A critical assessment. Third World Quarterly, 20 (2): 387–404.
99. Venturelli, S. 1998. Cultural rights and world trade agreements in the information society. Gazette, 60 (1): 47–76.
100. Webster, F., 1995. Theories of the information society, 6–29. London: Routledge.
101. Weiss, E O., 1994. “ Africa in a global economy. Taking advantage of experiences in Europe and Asia ”. In Telecommunications and development in Africa, Edited by: Kiplagat, B A, and Werner, M C M., 97–110. Amsterdam: IOC Press.
102. Wild, K Sibthorpe. 25–27 August 1999. From ISAD to the African Development Forum: the expansion of the interest in ICTs in Africa from 1996 to 1999, African Development Forum (ed.) Papers at the Computing & Telecommunications Summit Cambridge. Economic Commission for Africa: [O]:http://www.un.org/Depts/eca/adf/kate.htm .
103. Wilson, D. 1989. Towards a diachronic-synchronic view of future communication policy in Africa. Africa Media Review, 3 (2): 26–39.
104. Winseck, D. 1995. Power shift?: Towards a political economy of Canadian telecommunications and regulations. Canadian Journal of Communication, 20: 81–106.
105. Winseck, D. 1997. Contradictions in the democratization of international communication. Media, Culture and Society, 19: 219–245.
106. World Bank. 1997. Global Knowledge Conference. World Bank: http://www.globalknowledge.org
107. World Bank. 1999. World Development Report. Knowledge for Development., Oxford: Oxford University Press.
108. Global knowledge conference (GKII).World Bank. 2000. World Bank:http://www.globalknowledge.org.my .