What Gets Measured, Gets Changed: Evaluating Law and Policy for Maximum Impact

Journal of Law, Medicine and Ethics

Volumn 39, Issue SUPPL. 1, 2011, Pages 21-26

  Chriqui, Jamie F ^a   O'Connor, Jean C ^b   Chaloupka, Frank J ^c,d  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT CHICAGO   (United States)

^b EMORY UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c Division of Health Policy and Administration   (United States)

^d WHO Collaborating Centre on the Economics of Tobacco and Tobacco Control   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; HEALTH CARE POLICY; HEALTH CARE QUALITY; HUMAN; LEGAL ASPECT; METHODOLOGY; PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE; UNITED STATES;

HEALTH POLICY; HUMANS; PROGRAM EVALUATION; PUBLIC HEALTH ADMINISTRATION; PUBLIC HEALTH PRACTICE; RESEARCH DESIGN; UNITED STATES;

EID: 79751470453     PISSN: 10731105     EISSN: 1748720X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-720X.2011.00559.x     Document Type: Article

References (25)

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7. See, for example: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Nutrition and Physical Activity Legislative Database, available at (last visited November 11, 2010); Yale Rudd Center for Food Policy & Obesity, Legislative Updates, available at (last visited November 11, 2010); National Conference of State Legislatures, Bill Summaries Database, available at (last visited November 11, 2010); and National Cancer Institute, State Cancer Policy Database, available at (last visited November 11, 2010).
8. See Burris and Anderson, supra note 2.
9. See, for example, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, State Tobacco Activities Tracking and Evaluation (STATE) System, available at (last visited November 11, 2010); see National Cancer Institute, supra note 7; Bridging the Gap Program, Illicit Drug Law Database, available at (last visited November 11, 2010); National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Alcohol Policy Information System, available at (last visited November 11, 2010); Bridging the Gap Program, State Soda/Snack Tax Data, available at (last visited November 11, 2010); and National Cancer Institute, State Physical Education and Recess and School Nutrition Environment Policy Classification Systems and Data, available at (last visited November 11, 2010).
10. See, for example, J.F. Chriqui, Y. Terry-McElrath, D.C. McBride, and S. S. Eidson, "State Policies Matter: The Case of Outpatient Drug Treatment Program Practices, "Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment 35 (2008): 13-21;. R. Sturm, L. M. Powell, J. F. Chriqui, and F. J. Chaloupka, "Soda Taxes, Soft Drink Consumption, and Children's Body Mass Index, "Health Affairs 29 (2010): 1052-1058; L. M. Powell, J. F. Chriqui, and F. J. Chaloupka, "Associations between State-level Soda Taxes and Adolescent Body Mass Index, "Journal of Adolescent Health 45 (2009): S57-S63; and J. C. Fell, D. A. Fisher, R. B. Voas, K. Blackman, and A. S. Tippetts, "The Impact of Underage Drinking Laws on Alcohol-Related Fatal Crashes of Young Drivers, "Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research 33 (2009): 1208-1219.
11. See Tremper et al., supra note 4; Burris et al., supra note 4.
12. We gratefully acknowledge C. Tracy Orleans, Ph.D., and Gary A. Giovino, Ph.D., for providing us with this phrase.
13. See Wakefield and Chaloupka, supra note 4.
14. See Tremper, supra note 4.
15. See LaFond et al., supra note 4;. D. M. Shelton, M. H. Alciati, and M. M. Chang et al., "State Laws on Tobacco Control-United States, 1995, "MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report Surveillance Summaries 44, no. 6 (1995): 1-28; M. H. Alciati, M. Frosh, and S. B. Green et al., "State Laws on Youth Access to Tobacco in the United States: Measuring their Extensiveness with a New Rating System, "Tobacco Control 7 (1998): 345-352; J. F. Chriqui, M. Frosh, and R. C. Brownson et al., "Application of a Rating System to State Clean Indoor Air Laws (USA), "Tobacco Control 11 (2002): 26-34; L. C. Mâsse, J. F. Chriqui, and J. F. Igoe et al., "Development of a Physical Education-Related State Policy Classification System (PERSPCS), "American Journal of Preventive Medicine 33, no. 4, Supp. 1 (2007): S264-S276; L. C. Mâsse, M. M. Frosh, and J. F. Chriqui et al., "Development of a School Nutrition-Environment State Policy Classification System (SNESPCS), "American Journal of Preventive Medicine 33, no. 4, Supp. 1 (2007): S277-S291; and M. B. Schwartz, A. E. Lund, and H. M. Grow et al., "A Comprehensive Coding System to Measure the Quality of School Wellness Policies, "Journal of the American Dietetic Association 109 (2009): 1256-1262.
16. See Mesah et al., supra note 1; Gostin, and Perdue et al., supra note 5.
17. R.C. Brownson, J.F. Chriqui, and K. A. Stamatakis, "Understanding Evidence-Based Public Health Policy, " American Journal of Public Health 99 (2009): 1576-1583;. L. W. Green, "Public Health Asks of Systems Science: To Advance Our Evidence-Based Practice, Can You Help Us Get More Practice-Based Evidence?"American Journal of Public Health 96 (2006): 406-409; J. D. Sterman, "Learning from Evidence in a Complex World, "American Journal of Public Health 96 (2006): 505-514; S. P. Hays, "Patterns of Reinvention, "Policy Studies Journal 24 (1996): 551-566; and J. W. Kingdon, Agendas, Alternatives, and Public Policies, 2nd ed. (New York: Addison-Wesley Educational Publishers, Inc., 2003).
18. See Alexander et al., supra note 2.
19. See Chaloupka, supra note 2.
20. K. D. Brownell and T. R. Frieden, "Ounces of Prevention - The Public Policy Case for Taxes on Sugared Beverages, " New England Journal of Medicine 360 (2009): 1805-1808; and. K. D. Brownell, T. Farley, and W.C. Willett et al., "The Public Health and Economic Benefits of Taxing Sugar-Sweetened Beverages, "New England Journal of Medicine 361 (2009): 1599-1605.
21. See for example, A.B. 2100, 2009-10 Reg. Sess. (Ca. 2010); S.B. 1210, 2009-10 Reg. Sess. (Ca. 2010); S.B. 243, 2010 Reg. Sess. (N.M. 2010); A. 21004/S. 67004, 2010 2nd Extra. Sess. (N.Y. 2010); S.B. 241, 2009 Reg. Sess. (R.I. 2009); and H. 4831, 2009-2010 Leg., Sess. 118 (S.C. 2010).
22. Federal Trade Commission, Federal Trade Commission Cigarette Report for 2006, available at (last visited November 11, 2010); S. Slater, F.J. Chaloupka, and M. Wakefield, "State Variation in Retail Promotions and Advertising for Marlboro Cigarettes, "Tobacco Control 10 (2001): 337-339;. M. A. Wakefield, E. E. Ruel, and F. J. Chaloupka et al., "Association of Point-of-Purchase Tobacco Advertising and Promotions with Choice of Usual Brand Among Teenage Smokers, "Journal of Health Communications 7 (2002): 113-121; J. P. Pierce, "Tobacco Industry Marketing, Population-Based Tobacco Control, and Smoking Behavior, "American Journal of Preventive Medicine 33, no. 6, Supp. 1 (2007): S327-S334; and S. Emery, M. A. Wakefield, and Y. Terry-McElrath et al., "Televised State-Sponsored Antitobacco Advertising and Youth Smoking Beliefs and Behavior in the United States, 1999-2000, "Archives of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine 159 (2005): 639-645.
23. 21 C.F.R. § 1140.30 et seq.
24. Better Business Bureau, Fact Sheet on CFBAI and CARU, available at (last visited November 11, 2010); L.M. Powell, G. Szczypka, and F. J. Chaloupka, "Trends in Exposure to Television Food Advertisements among Children and Adolescents in the United States, "Archives of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine 164 (2010): 794-802.