A developmental scale for perennial forage grasses based on the decimal code framework

Grass and Forage Science

Volumn 66, Issue 1, 2011, Pages 93-108

  Gustavsson, A M ^a  

^a SWEDISH UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES   (Sweden)

Author keywords

Decimal code; Forage quality; Maturity; Meadow fescue; Morphology; Perennial forage grasses; Phasic development; Phenological development; Timothy; Whole crop cereals

Indexed keywords

CEREAL; DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY; FORAGE; GRASS; GROWING SEASON; HARVESTING; MATURATION; MEADOW; MORPHOLOGY; PERENNIAL PLANT; PHENOLOGY; SILAGE;

FESTUCA PRATENSIS; PHLEUM PRATENSE; POACEAE;

EID: 79551706995     PISSN: 01425242     EISSN: 13652494     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2494.2010.00767.x     Document Type: Article

References (20)

1. ČOp J., Lavrenči A. and Košmelj K. (2009) Morphological development and nutritive value of herbage in five temperate grass species during primary growth: analysis of time dynamics. Grass and Forage Science, 64, 122-131.
2. Frank A.B. (1996) Evaluating grass development for grazing management. Rangelands, 18, 106-109.
3. Gustavsson A.-M. and Martinsson K. (2001) Analysis of growth and nutrition value in timothy using a dynamic model. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 107, 83-101.
4. Gustavsson A.-M. and Martinsson K. (2004) Seasonal variation in biochemical composition of cell walls, digestibility, morphology, growth and phenology in timothy. European Journal of Agronomy, 20, 293-312.
5. Haun J.R. (1973) Visual quantification of wheat development. Agronomy Journal, 65, 116-119.
6. Kalu B.A. and Fick G.W. (1981) Quantifying morphological development of alfalfa for studies of herbal quality. Crop Science, 21, 267-271.
7. Lancashire P.D., Bleiholder H., Van den boom T., Langelüddeke P., Stauss R., Weber E. and Witzenberger A. (1991) A uniform decimal code for growth stages of crops and weeds. Annals of Applied Biology, 119, 561-601.
8. Landes A. and Porter J.R. (1989) Comparison of scales used for categorising the development of wheat, barley, rye and oats. Annals of Applied Biology, 115, 343-360.
9. Mitchell R.B., Moore K.J., Moser L.E., Fritz J.O. and Redfearn D.D. (1977) Predicting developmental morphology in switchgrass and big bluestem. Agronomy Journal, 89, 827-832.
10. Moore K.J. and Moser L.E. (1995) Quantifying developmental morphology of the perennial grasses. Crop Science, 35, 37-43.
11. Moore K.J., Moser L.E., Vogel K.P., Waller S.S., Johnson B.E. and Pedersen J.F. (1991) Describing and quantifying growth stages of perennial forage grasses. Agronomy Journal, 83, 1073-1077.
12. Sanderson M.A. (1992) Morphological development of switchgrass and kleingrass. Agronomy Journal, 84, 415-419.
13. Sanderson M.A. and Moore K.J (1999) Switchgrass morphological development predicted from day of the year or degree day models. Agronomy Journal, 91, 732-734.
14. Simon U. and Park B.H. (1983) A descriptive scheme for stages of development in perennial forage grasses. In: Smith J.A. and Hays V.W. (eds) Proceedings of the XIV International Grassland Congress, Lexington, Kentucky, USA, 1983, pp. 416-418.
15. Skinner R.H. and Moore K.J. (2007) Growth and development of forage plants. In: Barnes R.F., Nelson C.J., Moore K.J. and Collins M. (eds) Forages: The Science of Grassland Agriculture, vol. 2, 6th edn, pp. 53-66. Ames, IA, USA: Blackwell Publishing.
16. Sweet N., Wiltshire J.J.J. and Baker C.K. (1991) A new descriptive scale for early reproductive development in Lolium perenne L. Grass and Forage Science, 46, 201-206.
17. Thorvaldsson G. and Andersson S. (1986) Variations in timothy dry matter yield and nutritional value as affected by harvest date, nitrogen fertilization, year and location in northern Sweden. Acta Agricultura Scandinavica, 36, 367-385.
18. Tottman D.R. (1977) The identification of growth stages in winter wheat with reference to the application of growth-regulator herbicides. Annals of Applied Biology, 87, 213-224.
19. Tottman D.R. and Broad H. (1987) The decimal code for the growth stages of cereals, with illustrations. Annals of Applied Biology, 110, 441-454.
20. Zadoks J.C., Chang T.T. and Konzak C.F. (1974) A decimal code for the growth stages of cereals. Weed Research, 14, 415-421.