Socio-economic position, smoking, and plaque: A pathway to severe chronic periodontitis

Journal of Clinical Periodontology

Volumn 38, Issue 3, 2011, Pages 229-235

  Zini, Avraham ^a   Sgan Cohen, Harold D ^a   Marcenes, Wagner ^b  

^a HEBREW UNIVERSITY OF JERUSALEM   (Israel)

^b QUEEN MARY UNIVERSITY OF LONDON   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

periodontal health; periodontitis; plaque; smoking; socio economic position

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; CHRONIC PERIODONTITIS; CLASSIFICATION; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY; DENTAL DEVICE; EDUCATIONAL STATUS; EMPLOYMENT; FAMILY SIZE; FEMALE; GINGIVA BLEEDING; HEALTH BEHAVIOR; HUMAN; ISRAEL; JEW; MALE; MOUTH HYGIENE; PERIODONTAL POCKET; PERIODONTICS; SMOKING; SOCIAL CLASS; TOOTH BRUSHING; TOOTH CALCULUS; TOOTH PLAQUE;

ADULT; CHRONIC PERIODONTITIS; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDIES; DENTAL CALCULUS; DENTAL DEVICES, HOME CARE; DENTAL PLAQUE INDEX; EDUCATIONAL STATUS; EMPLOYMENT; FAMILY CHARACTERISTICS; FEMALE; GINGIVAL HEMORRHAGE; HEALTH BEHAVIOR; HUMANS; ISRAEL; JEWS; MALE; ORAL HYGIENE INDEX; PERIODONTAL INDEX; PERIODONTAL POCKET; SMOKING; SOCIAL CLASS; TOOTHBRUSHING;

EID: 79551657785     PISSN: 03036979     EISSN: 1600051X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-051X.2010.01689.x     Document Type: Article

References (31)

1. Almas, K., Bulman, J. S., &, Newman, H. N., (2005) Assessment of periodontal status with CPITN and conventional periodontal indices. Journal of Clinical Periodontology 18, 654-659.
2. Baker, P. J., &, Roopenian, B. C., (2002) Review: genetic susceptibility to chronic periodontal disease. Microbes and Infection 4, 1157-1167.
3. Benigeri, M., Brodeur, J. M., Payette, M., Charbonneau, A., &, Ismail, A. I., (2000) Community periodontal index of treatment needs and prevalence of periodontal conditions. Journal of Clinical Periodontology 27, 308-312.
4. Borrell, L. N., Beck, J. D., &, Heiss, G., (2006) Socioeconomic disadvantage and periodontal disease: the dental atherosclerosis risk in communities study. American Journal of Public Health 96, 332-339. (Pubitemid 43167134)
5. Brennan, D. S., Spencer, A. J., &, Roberts-Thomson, K. F., (2007) Quality of life and disability weights associated with periodontal disease. Journal of Dental Research 86, 717-713.
6. Bunyaratavej, P., (2006) Oral hygiene status and smoking are strong risk indicators of periodontal disease in Thai adults. Journal of Evidence Based Dental Practice 6, 199-200.
7. Central Bureau of Statistics, Israel. (2010) Social Survey in Israel. Available at (accessed on 21 April 2010).
8. Godson, J. H., &, Williams, S. A., (2008) Inequalities in health and oral health in the UK. Dental Update 35, 243-250.
9. Gundala, R., &, Chava, V. K., (2010) Effect of lifestyle, education and socioeconomic status on periodontal health. Contemporary Clinical Dentistry 1, 23-26.
10. Hujoel, P. P., Cunha-Cruz, J., Loesche, W. J., &, Robertson, P. B., (2005) Personal oral hygiene and severe chronic periodontitis: a systematic review. Periodontology 2000 37, 29-34.
11. Hyman, J. J., &, Reid, B. C., (2003) Epidemiologic risk factors for periodontal attachment loss among adults in the United States. Journal of Clinical Periodontology 30, 230-237.
12. Johnson, G. K., (2004) Cigarette smoking and the periodontal patient. Journal of Periodontology 75, 196-209.
13. Klinge, B., &, Norlund, A., (2005) A socio-economic perspective on periodontal diseases: a systematic review. Journal of Clinical Periodontology 32, 314-325.
14. Kumar, T. S., Dagli, R. J., Mathur, A., Jain, M., Balasubramanyam, G., Prabu, D., &, Kulkarni, S., (2009) Oral health status and practices of dentate Bhil adult tribes of southern Rajasthan, India. International Dental Journal 59, 133-140.
15. Loe, H., &, Silness, J., (1963) Periodontal disease in pregnancy. I. Prevalence and severity. Acta Odontologica Scandinavica 21, 533-551.
16. Macleod, J., &, Davey, S. G., (2003) Psychosocial factors and public health: a suitable case for treatment? Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 57, 565-570.
17. Marmot, M., (2005) Social determinants of health inequalities. Lancet 365, 1099-1104.
18. Newton, J. T., &, Bower, E. J., (2005) The social determinants of oral health: new approaches to conceptualizing and researching complex causal networks. Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology 33, 25-34.
19. Page, R. C., &, Kornman, K. S., (2000) The pathogenesis of human periodontitis: an introduction. Periodontology 2000 14, 9-11.
20. Payne, B. J., &, Locker, D., (1996) Relationship between dental and general health behaviors in a Canadian population. Journal of Public Health Dentistry 56, 198-204.
21. Pejcic, A., Obradovic, R., Kesic, K., &, Kojovic, D., (2007) Smoking and periodontal disease, a review. Medicine and Biology 14, 53-59.
22. Petersen, P. E., Bourgeois, D., Ogawa, H., Estupinan-Day, S., &, Ndiyae, C., (2005) The global burden of oral diseases and risks to oral health. Bulletin of the World Health Organization 83, 661-669.
23. Ragghianti, M. S., Aguiar Greghi, S. L., Lauris, J. R. P., Passanezi Sant'Ana, A. C., &, Passanezi, E., (2004) Influence of age, sex, plaque and smoking on periodontal conditions in a population from Bauru, Brazil. Journal of Applied Oral Science 12, 457-462.
24. Sheiham, A., &, Nicolau, B., (2005) Evaluation of social and psychological factors in periodontal disease. Periodontology 2000 39, 118-131.
25. Shuval, J. T., (1992) Social Dimensions of Health: The Israeli Experience, 1st edition, pp. 29-32. London: Praeger.
26. Slots, J., (2003) Update on general health risk of periodontal disease. International Dental Journal 53, 200-207.
27. Vered, Y., Livny, A., Zini, A., &, Sgan-Cohen, H. D., (2008) Periodontal health status and smoking among young adults. Journal of Clinical Periodontology 35, 768-772.
28. Victora, C. G., Huttly, S. R., Fuchs, S. C., &, Olinto, M. T., (1997) The role of conceptual frameworks in epidemiological analysis: a hierarchical approach. International Journal of Epidemiology 26, 224-227.
29. World Health Organization. (1997) Oral Health Survey. Basic Methods, 4th edition, pp. 36-38. Geneva: World Health Organization.
30. World Health Organization. (2010a) An overview of CPI (Community Periodontal Index) data in the WHO global oral health data bank, periodontal country profiles. Available at (accessed on 21 April 2010).
31. World Health Organization. (2010b) WHO Oral Health Country/Area Profile. Geneva: World Health Organization. Available at (accessed on 21 April 2010).