Ignitability limits for combustion of unintended hydrogen releases: Experimental and theoretical results

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

Volumn 36, Issue 3, 2011, Pages 2426-2435

  Schefer, R W ^a   Evans, G H ^a   Zhang, J ^a   Ruggles, A J ^a   Greif, R ^b  

^a SANDIA NATIONAL LABORATORIES   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

Flammability factor; Hydrogen ignition limits; Ignition probability; PDF; Turbulent jet

Indexed keywords

AXIAL LOCATIONS; CENTERLINES; DIRECT INTEGRATION; EXPERIMENTAL DATA; FLAMMABILITY LIMITS; FUEL CONCENTRATION; GAS COMPOSITIONS; HYDROGEN CONCENTRATION; HYDROGEN IGNITION; HYDROGEN JETS; HYDROGEN LEAK; HYDROGEN RELEASE; IGNITABILITY; IGNITION LIMIT; IGNITION PROBABILITY; IGNITION SOURCE; INTERMITTENCY EFFECTS; JET FLAMES; LASER SPARK; LOCAL COMPOSITIONS; PDF; PULSED ND:YAG LASER; SAFETY CODES; SAFETY DISTANCES; SHEAR LAYER; THEORETICAL RESULT; TURBULENT JET;

CODES (STANDARDS); COMPUTER SIMULATION; CONCENTRATION (PROCESS); FLAMMABILITY; FUELS; HYDROGEN; IGNITION; INTEGRAL EQUATIONS; METHANE; NEODYMIUM LASERS; PROBABILITY; PULSED LASERS; SHEAR FLOW; STANDARDIZATION;

PROBABILITY DENSITY FUNCTION;

EID: 79551636538     PISSN: 03603199     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2010.04.004     Document Type: Article

References (20)

1. Swain M. Hydrogen properties testing and verification, presented at Fuel Cell Summit Meeting, Coral Gables, Florida, June 17, 2004.
2. M.R. Swain, P.A. Filoso, and M.N. Swain An experimental investigation into the ignition of leaking hydrogen Int J Hydrogen Energy 32 2007 287 295
3. A.D. Birch, D.R. Brown, M.G. Dodson, and J.R. Thomas The turbulent concentration field of a methane jet J Fluid Mech 88 Pt. 3 1978 431 449
4. Birch AD, Brown DR, Dodson MG, Thomas JR. Studies of flammability in turbulent flows using laser Raman spectroscopy, 17th International Symposium on Combustion, the Combustion Institute, pp. 307-314, 1979.
5. Birch AD, Brown DR, Dodson MG. Ignition Probabilities in Turbulent Mixing Flows, 18th International Symposium on Combustion, the Combustion Institute, pp. 1775-1780, 1981.
6. W.M. Pitts Effects of global density ratio on the centerline mixing behavior of axisymmetric turbulent jets Exp Fluids 11 1991 125 134
7. R.W. Schefer, W.G. Houf, and T.C. Williams Investigation of small-scale unintended releases of hydrogen: momentum-dominated regime Int J Hydrogen Energy 33 2008 6373 6384
8. R.W. Schefer, W.G. Houf, and T.C. Williams Investigation of small-scale unintended releases of hydrogen: buoyancy effects Int J Hydrogen Energy 33 2008 4702 4712
9. Smith MTE, Birch AD, Brown DR, Fairweather M. Studies of ignition and flame propagation in turbulent jets of natural gas, propane, and a gas with a high hydrogen content, 21st International Symposium on Combustion, the Combustion Institute, pp. 1403-1408, 1986.
10. A.D. Birch, D.R. Brown, M. Faireather, and G.K. Hargrave An experimental study of a turbulent natural gas jet in a cross-flow Combust Sci Technol 66 1989 217 232
11. K.K. Kuo Principles of combustion 1986 John Wiley & Sons New York
12. D.B. Spalding Concentration fluctuations in a round turbulent free jet Chem Eng Sci 26 1971 95 107
13. Spalding, DB. Mixing and chemical reaction in steady confined turbulent flames, 13th International Symposium on Combustion, the Combustion Institute, pp. 649-657, 1971.
14. R.W. Schefer, and R.W. Dibble Mixture fraction field in a turbulent nonreacting propane jet AIAA Journal 39 1 2001 64 72
15. R.W. Bilger, R.A. Antonia, and K.R. Sreenivasan Determination of intermittency from the probability density function of a passive scalar Phys Fluids 19 10 October, 1976 1471 1474
16. Kent JH, Bilger RW. The prediction of turbulent diffusion flame fields and nitric oxide formation, 16th International Symposium on Combustion, the Combustion Institute, pp. 1643-1656, 1977.
17. J.R. Cho, and M.K. Chung A k-ε-γ equation turbulence model J Fluid Mech 237 1992 301 322
18. R.F. Alvani, and M. Fairweather Prediction of the ignition characteristics of flammable jets using intermittency-based turbulence models and a prescribed PDF approach Comp Chem Eng 32 2008 371 381
19. J.-Y. Chen Second-order conditional modeling of turbulent nonpremixed flames with a composite PDF Combust Flame 69 1987 1 36
20. Moen CD, Evans GH, Domino SP, Burns SP. A multi-mechanics approach to computational heat transfer. In: Proceedings 2002 ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exhibition, New Orleans, IMECE2002-33098, Nov. 17-22, 2002.