The european union and the international maritime organization: Eu's external influence on the prevention of vessel-source pollution

Journal of Maritime Law and Commerce

Volumn 41, Issue 4, 2010, Pages 581-594

  Nengye, Liu ^a   Maes, Frank ^a  

^a GHENT UNIVERSITY   (Belgium)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 79551606153     PISSN: 00222410     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (53)

1. COM (2007) 575 final (An Integrated Maritime Policy for the European Union) 3.
2. COM (2009) 8 final (Strategic goals and recommendations for the EU's maritime transport policy until 2018) 2.
3. COM (2007) 575 final, 4.
4. Shipping Facts, www.marisec.org/shippingfacts/environmentaI/small- contribution-to-overall-marine-pollution.php
5. Art.4, Convention on the International Maritime Organization
6. COM (2000)142 final (Erika I package) and COM (2000) 802 final (Erika II package).
7. COM (2009) 8 final, 7.
8. E. J. Molenaar, Coastal State Jurisdiction over Vessel-Source Pollution, (Kluwer Law International 1998) pp. 18-19.
9. COM (2009) 8 final, 7.
10. N. Lavranos, "The entering into force of the Lisbon Treaty - a European odyssey,' 26 ASIL Insight (2009).
11. Declaration concerning the competence of the European Community with regard to matters governed by the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea of 10 December 1982, p. 231. http://untreaty.un.Org/unts/120001-144071/27/2/ 00022247.pdf.
12. Para. 19, Case C-22/70, Commission v. Council, 1971 ECR.263
13. See also V. Frank, The European Community and Marine Environmental Protection in the International Law of the Sea: Implementing Global Obligations at the Regional Level, (Martinus Nijhoff, 2007) p. 63.
14. Case C-45/07, Commission v. Hellenic Republic
15. See also M. Cremona, 'Extending the reach of the AETR principle: comment on Commission v. Greece (C- 45/07),' 34 European Law Review 754-768 (2009).
16. Commission creates two new Directorates-General for Energy and Climate Action, http://europa.eu/rapid/pressReleasesAction.do?reference=IP/10/ 164&format=HTML&aged=0&language=EN&guiLanguage=en.
17. N. Y. Liu & F. Maes, "The European Union's role in the prevention of vessel-source pollutionand its internal influence,' 15 Journal of International Maritime Law 411-422 (2009).
18. However, according to some recent research, the environmental reputation of the Parliament is greatly challenged.
19. See C. Burns, Research Project: Is the European Parliament an environmental champion? http://www.polisJeeds.ac.uk/research/projects/eu- environmental-champion.php
20. After the "Erika" oil tanker disaster, the Parliament set up a Temporary Committee on Improving Safety at Sea (the decision of the European Parliament of 6 November 2003) to investigate the accident. The Committee finally adopted a report by MEP Dirk Sterckx, stressing in particular a number of concrete measures called for by the Parliament.
21. SEC (2005) 449,3-4.
22. See supra note 13, p. 264.
23. Recommendation from the Commission to the Council, in order to authorize the Commission to open and conduct negotiations with the International Maritime Organization (IMO) on the conditions and arrangements for accession by the European Community, SEC(2002)381 final, 2.
24. SEC(2O02)381 final, 37-38.
25. SEC(2002)381final,2.
26. SEC(2002)381 final, 3.
27. S. Gstohl, 'Patchwork Power' Europe: The EU's representation in international institutions,' 14 European Foreign Affairs Review 385-403 (2009).
28. J. Wouters, S. D. Jong, A. Marx, P. D. Man, Study for the assessment of the EU's role in international maritime organizations, Final Report.
29. See http://ec.europa.eu/maritimeaffairs/studies/eu-role-international- organisations-en.pdf
30. Regulation (EC) No 417/2002 (On the accelerated phasing-in of double hull or equivalent design requirements for single hull oil tankers and repealing Council Regulation (EC) No 2978/94), O J. L 64, 7.3.2002,2.
31. COM (2000)142 final, 2.
32. For details about EU's initiatives and response in the IMO
33. see V. Frank, 'Consequences of the Prestige sinking for European and international law,' 20 International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law 18-21 (2005).
34. M. Detjen, "The Western European PSSA- testing a unique international concept to protect imperiled marine ecosystems,' 30 Marine Policy 442-453 (2006).
35. J. Robers, M. Tsamenyi, T. Workman and L. Johnson, "The Western European PSSA proposal: a "politically sensitive sea area,'" 29 Marine Policy 431-440 (2005).
36. This paper will not address the legal implications of WE PSSA. For details, see supra note 30,449-450.
37. MEPC Res. 121 (52), 'Designation of the Western European Waters as a Particularly Sensitive Sea Area 15 Oct 2004. http://www.imo.Org/includes/ blastDataOnly.asp/data-id%3D15724/l1%2852%29.pdf
38. See supra note 5, p. 88.
39. Para. 14, Judgment of Case C-45/07.
40. Para. 30,31, Judgment of Case C-45/07.
41. See supra note 14,768.
42. E. Neframi, "The duty of loyalty: rethinking scope through its application in the field of EU external relations,' 47 Common Market Law Review, 323-360 (2010).
43. Para. 55, Judgment of Case C-246/07.
44. Para. 74, Judgment of Case C-246/07.
45. Para. 104, Judgment of Case C-246/07.
46. See supra note 5, p. 348.
47. Art. 211,217,218 and 220 of LOSC.
48. E. Franckx (ed), Vessel-Source Pollution and Coastal State Jurisdiction: the Work of the ILA Committee on Coastal State Jurisdiction Relating to Marine Pollution (1991-2000), (Kluwer Law International; 2000) pp. 119-124.
49. Case C-308/06, International Association of Independent Tanker Owners (Intertanko) and Others v. Secretary of State for Transport
50. see E. Denza, 'A note on Intertanko,' 33 European Law Review 870-879 (2008).
51. Para. 49, Judgment Case C-308/06.
52. M. Szabo, "The EU under public international law: challenging prospects,' 10 Cambridge Yearbook of European Legal Studies 303-344 (2007-2008).
53. F. Hoffmeister, 'Outsider or frontrunner? Recent developments under international and European law on the status of the European Union in international organizations and treaty bodies,' 44 Common Market Law Review 41-68 (2007).