Urban-rural inequities in knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding tuberculosis in two districts of Pakistan's Punjab province

International Journal for Equity in Health

Volumn 10, Issue , 2011, Pages

  Mushtaq, Muhammad Umair ^a,b   Shahid, Ubeera ^a   Abdullah, Hussain Muhammad ^a   Saeed, Anum ^a   Omer, Fatima ^a   Shad, Mushtaq Ahmad ^b   Siddiqui, Arif Mahmood ^a   Akram, Javed ^a  

^a ALLAMA IQBAL MEDICAL COLLEGE   (Pakistan)

^b Government of the Punjab   (Pakistan)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BCG VACCINE; HERBACEOUS AGENT;

CLUSTER ANALYSIS; COMMUNICATION; CONFIDENCE INTERVAL; HEALTH SERVICES; HEALTH WORKER; KNOWLEDGE; REGRESSION ANALYSIS; RURAL POPULATION; STATISTICAL APPLICATION; TELEVISION; TUBERCULOSIS; URBAN POPULATION; URBAN REGION;

ADULT; ARTICLE; ATTITUDE; BCG VACCINATION; CLUSTER ANALYSIS; CONTROLLED STUDY; COUGHING; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY; DEMOGRAPHY; DIAGNOSTIC TEST; DISEASE TRANSMISSION; DYSPNEA; FAMILY; FATIGUE; FEMALE; FEVER; HEADACHE; HEALTH BEHAVIOR; HEALTH CARE FACILITY; HEALTH CARE PERSONNEL; HELP SEEKING BEHAVIOR; HERBAL MEDICINE; HOME CARE; HOMEOPATHY; HUMAN; INFECTION PREVENTION; INFORMED CONSENT; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MEDICAL INFORMATION; MULTICENTER STUDY; NAUSEA; PAKISTAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SEMI STRUCTURED INTERVIEW; SHORT COURSE THERAPY; SUPPORT GROUP; SYMPTOM; TELEVISION; THORAX PAIN; TREATMENT DURATION; TUBERCULOSIS; URBAN RURAL DIFFERENCE; WEIGHT REDUCTION;

PAKISTAN; PUNJAB [PAKISTAN];

EID: 79551597232     PISSN: None     EISSN: 14759276     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1186/1475-9276-10-8     Document Type: Article

References (61)

1. World Health Organization, Global tuberculosis control: surveillance, planning, financing. WHO report 2009 Geneva 2009
2. Tuberculosis control programme. Resolution WHA44.8, Handbook of resolutions and decisions of the World Health Assembly and the Executive Board Geneva: World Health Organization 3 1993 III (1985-1992) (WHA44/1991/REC/1)
3. World Health Organization, WHO Tuberculosis Programme: framework for effective tuberculosis control Geneva 1994 (WHO/TB/94.179)
4. National Tuberculosis Control Programme, Ministry of Health, Government of Pakistan, Communication Strategy: 2005-2010 Islamabad, Pakistan 2005
5. Stop TB Partnership and World Health Organization, Global Plan to Stop TB 2006-2015 Geneva 2006 (WHO/HTM/STB/2006.35)
6. Stop TB Partnership and World Health Organization, The Stop TB Strategy: building on and enhancing DOTS to meet the TB-related Millennium Development Goals Geneva 2006 (WHO/HTM/TB/2006.368)
7. Gender difference in knowledge of tuberculosis and associated health-care seeking behaviors: a cross-sectional study in a rural area of China. J Wang Y Fei H Shen B Xu, BMC Public Health 2008 8 354 10.1186/1471-2458-8-354 18842127
8. Health seeking and perceived causes of tuberculosis among patients in Manila. C Auer JJ Sarol M Tanner M Weiss, J Trop Med Int Health 2000 5 648 56 10.1046/j.1365-3156.2000.00615.x
9. An assessment of factors contributing to treatment adherence and knowledge of TB transmission among patients on TB treatment. F Kaona M Tuba S Siziya L Sikaona, BMC Public Health 2004 4 68 10.1186/1471-2458-4-68 15625004
10. The meaning and consequences of tuberculosis for an at-risk urban group in Ecuador. RX Armijos MM Weigel M Qincha B Ulloa, Rev Panam Salud Publica 2008 23 3 188 97 10.1590/S1020-49892008000300006 18397585
11. Knowledge and perception of pulmonary tuberculosis in pastoral communities in the middle and Lower Awash Valley of Afar region, Ethiopia. M Legesse G Ameni G Mamo G Medhin D Shawel G Bjune F Abebe, BMC Public Health 2010 10 187 10.1186/1471-2458-10-187 20380747
12. From their own Perspective. A Kenyan Community's Perception of Tuberculosis. R Liefoog (Pubitemid 27347997)
13. Tribal differences in perception of tuberculosis: a possible role in tuberculosis control in Arusha, Tanzania. SG Mfinanga O Morkve RR Kazwala S Cleaveland JM Sharp G Shirima R Nilsen, Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2003 7 933 41 14552562 (Pubitemid 37237055)
14. Care-seeking behavioural patterns, awareness and diagnostic processes in patients with smear- and culture-positive pulmonary tuberculosis in Lagos, Nigeria. CA Enwuru EO Idigbe NV Ezeobi AF Otegbeye, Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2002 96 614 6 10.1016/S0035-9203(02)90328-7 12625134 (Pubitemid 36231480)
15. Bacillary disease and health seeking behavior among Filipinos with symptoms of tuberculosis: implications for control. TE Tupasi S Radhakrishna VM Co, et al. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2000 4 1126 1132 11144454 (Pubitemid 32046290)
16. Knowledge of tuberculosis and associated health-seeking behaviour among rural Vietnamese adults with a cough for at least three weeks. NP Hoa AE Thorson NH Long VK Diwan, Scand J Public Health 2003 62 59 65 10.1080/14034950310015121
17. Isolation and stigma: the experience of patients with active tuberculosis. P Kelly, J Community Health Nurs 1999 16 4 233 41 10.1207/S15327655JCHN1604-3 10628114 (Pubitemid 30029869)
18. Assessing the stigma of tuberculosis. J Macq A Solis G Martinez, Psychol Health Med 2006 11 3 346 52 10.1080/13548500600595277 17130070
19. Tuberculosis and stigma: predictors of prejudice against people with tuberculosis. E Jaramillo, J Health Psych 1999 4 1 71 9 10.1177/ 135910539900400101 (Pubitemid 29020937)
20. Causes of stigma and discrimination associated with tuberculosis in Nepal: a qualitative study. SC Baral DK Karki JN Newell, BMC Public Health 2007 7 211 10.1186/1471-2458-7-211 17705841
21. Knowledge and attitude towards tuberculosis in a slum community of Delhi. MM Singh T Bano D Pagare N Sharma R Devi M Mehra, J Commun Dis 2002 34 203 14 14703055 (Pubitemid 38698636)
22. A gender-focused qualitative study of barriers to accessing tuberculosis treatment in the Gambia, West Africa. SV Eastwood PC Hill, Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2004 8 1 70 5 14974748 (Pubitemid 38120708)
23. Perceptions of tuberculosis patients about their physical, mental and social well-being: a field report from south India. R Rajeswari A Muniyandi R Balasubramanian P Narayanan, Soc Sci Med 2005 60 1845 1853 10.1016/j.socscimed. 2004.08.024 15686814 (Pubitemid 40431017)
24. Fear and social isolation as consequences of tuberculosis in VietNam: a gender analysis. NH Long E Johansson VK Diwan A Winkvist, Health Policy 2001 58 69 81 10.1016/S0168-8510(01)00143-9 11518602 (Pubitemid 32757268)
25. Tuberculosis in Ghana: social stigma and compliance with treatment. SD Lawn, Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2000 4 12 1190 1191 11144465
26. Knowledge, attitudes and practices survey among health care workers and tuberculosis patients in Iraq. DS Hashim W Al Kubaisy A Al Dulayme, East Mediterr Health J 2003 9 4 718 31 15748069 (Pubitemid 40485310)
27. Pulmonary tuberculosis and health-seeking behaviour: how to get a delayed diagnosis in Cali, Colombia. E Jaramillo, Trop Med Int Health 1998 3 2 138 44 10.1046/j.1365-3156.1998.00202.x 9537276 (Pubitemid 28124346)
28. Tuberculosis and nutrition: disease perceptions and health seeking behavior of household contacts in the Peruvian Amazon. MR Baldwin PP Yori C Ford DA Moore RH Gilman C Vidal, et al. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2004 8 12 1484 91 15636496 (Pubitemid 40070256)
29. An exploration of the social stigma of tuberculosis in five "municipios" of Nicaragua to reflect on local interventions. J Macq A Solis G Martinez P Martiny B Dujardin, Health Policy 2005 74 2 205 17 10.1016/j.healthpol.2005.01.003 16153480 (Pubitemid 41253723)
30. Knowledge, attitude and practice regarding leprosy and tuberculosis in Bangladesh. RP Croft RA Croft, Lepr Rev 1999 70 34 42 10405542 (Pubitemid 29221912)
31. Knowledge, attitude and misconceptions regarding tuberculosis in Pakistani patients. JA Khan M Irfan A Zaki M Beg SF Hussain N Rizvi, J Pak Med Assoc 2006 56 5 211 4 16767946 (Pubitemid 43886065)
32. Tuberculosis: do we know enough? A study of patients and their families in an out-patient hospital setting in Karachi, Pakistan. SS Ali F Rabbani UN Siddiqui AH Zaidi A Sophie SJ Virani NA Younus, Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2003 7 11 1052 8 14598964 (Pubitemid 37376955)
33. Gender perspectives on knowledge and practices regarding tuberculosis in urban and rural areas in Pakistan. M Agboatwalla GN Kazi SK Shah M Tariq, East Mediterr Health J 2003 9 4 732 40 15748070 (Pubitemid 40485311)
34. Knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding tuberculosis in two districts of Punjab, Pakistan. MU Mushtaq MA Majrooh W Ahmad, et al. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2010 14 3 303 10 20132621
35. Perception and social consequences of tuberculosis: a focus group study of tuberculosis patients in Sialkot, Pakistan. R Liefooghe N Michiels S Habib MB Moran A De Muynck, Soc Sci Med 1995 41 1685 1692 10.1016/0277-9536(95)00129-U 8746868 (Pubitemid 26473733)
36. Urging health system research: identifying gaps and fortifying tuberculosis control in Pakistan. IM Khan KM Yassin K Hurrelmann U Laaser, Croat Med J 2002 43 4 480 4 12187528 (Pubitemid 34976435)
37. National Institute of Population Studies (NIPS), Pakistan and Macro International Inc, Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey 2006-07 Islamabad, Pakistan 2008
38. Department of Health, Government of Punjab, Pakistan. http://www.punjab.gov.pk/
39. Epi Info 6, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). http://www.cdc.gov/epiinfo/Epi6/ei6.htm
40. World Health Organization, Advocacy, communication and social mobilization for TB control: a guide to developing knowledge, attitude and practice surveys Geneva 2008 (WHO/HTM/STB/2008.46)
41. Evaluation and determinants of outcome of tuberculosis treatment. D Maher P Nunn, Bull World Health Organ 1998 76 307 308 9744251 (Pubitemid 28394064)
42. Prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis on the roof of the world. AR Alvi SF Hussain MA Shah M Khalida M Shamsudin, Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 1998 2 909 913 9848612 (Pubitemid 28539474)
43. Eastern Mediterranean Regional Office (EMRO), World Health Organization (WHO), Health System Profile Pakistan 2006 Cairo 2006
44. Physican compliance with national tuberculosis treatment guidelines: a university hospital study. K Arif SA Ali S Amanullah I Siddiqui JA Khan P Nayani, Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 1998 2 225 30 9526195 (Pubitemid 28123522)
45. Survery of knowledge about tuberculosis amongst family physicians. N Rizwi M Hussain, J Pak Med Assoc 2001 51 333 7 11715910 (Pubitemid 33711573)
46. Access to tuberculosis care: what did chronic cough patients experience in the way of healthcareseeking? B Xu VK Diwan L Bogg, Scandinavian journal of public health 2007 35 4 396 402 10.1080/14034940601160664 17786803 (Pubitemid 47386789)
47. United Nations Children's Fund, The State of the World's Children 2008 New York, NY 2007
48. Diagnostic and Treatment delay among pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Ethiopia: a cross sectional study. S Yimer G Bjune G Alene, BMC Infect Dis 2005 5 112 10.1186/1471-2334-5-112 16343350
49. Delayed consultation among pulmonary tuberculosis patents: a cross sectional study of 10 DOTS districts of Ethiopia. MM Mesfin JN Newell JD Walley A Gessessew RJ Madeley, BMC Public Health 2009 9 53 10.1186/1471-2458-9-53 19203378
50. Patient and health service delay in the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis in Ethiopia. M Demissie B Lindtjorn Y Berhane, BMC Public Health 2002 2 1 23 10.1186/1471-2458-2-23 12296975
51. Pulmonary tuberculosis in Kweneng District, Botswana: delays in diagnosis in 212 smear-positive patients. TW Steen GN Mazonde, Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 1998 2 627 34 9712276 (Pubitemid 28383854)
52. Delay in tuberculosis case finding and treatment in Mwanza, Tanzania. ER Wandwalo O Morkve, Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2000 4 133 8 10694091 (Pubitemid 30123646)
53. Tuberculosis in Pakistan: socio-cultural constraints and opportunities in treatment. MA Khan J Walley J Newell N Imdad, Soc Sci Med 2000 50 247 254 10.1016/S0277-9536(99)00279-8 10619693 (Pubitemid 29465762)
54. Why do patients with a cough delay seeking care at Lusaka urban health centres? A health systems research approach. P Godfrey-Faussett H Kaunda J Kamanga S van Beers M van Cleeff R Kumwenda-Phiri V Tihont, Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2002 6 9 796 805 12234135 (Pubitemid 34988050)
55. In search of factors responsible for noncompliance among tuberculosis patients in Wardha District, India. F Barnhoorn H Adriaanse, Soc Sci Med 1992 34 3 291 306 10.1016/0277-9536(92)90271-Q 1557670
56. Rural poverty and delayed presentation to tuberculosis services in Ethiopia. A Cambanis MA Yassin A Ramsay SB Squire I Arbide LE Cuevas, Trop Med Int Health 2005 10 330 335 10.1111/j.1365-3156.2005.01393.x 15807796 (Pubitemid 40569251)
57. From exposure to disease: the role of environmental factors in susceptibility to and development of tuberculosis. C Lienhardt, Epidemiol Rev 2001 23 288 301 12192738
58. Investigation of the risk factors for tuberculosis: a case-control study in three countries in West Africa. C Lienhardt K Fielding JS Sillah B Bah P Gustafson D Warndorff, et al. Int J Epidemiol 2005 34 914 23 10.1093/ije/dyi100 15914505 (Pubitemid 41418843)
59. Evaluation of four years hospital implementation of DOTS strategy (1998-2002). H Halim A Rasyid Z Ahmad, Acta Med Indones 2006 38 3 130 134 16953029
60. Costs and cost-effectiveness of different DOT strategies for the treatment of tuberculosis in Pakistan. MA Khan JD Walley SN Witter A Imran N Safdar, Health Policy Plan 2002 17 178 186 10.1093/heapol/17.2.178 12000778 (Pubitemid 34587121)
61. The impact of media-based health education on tuberculosis diagnosis in Cali, Colombia. E Jaramillo, Health Policy Plan 2001 16 68 73 10.1093/heapol/16.1.68 11238433 (Pubitemid 32183651)