Konzo and continuing cyanide intoxication from cassava in Mozambique

Food and Chemical Toxicology

Volumn 49, Issue 3, 2011, Pages 631-635

  Cliff, J ^a   Muquingue, H ^a   Nhassico, D ^a   Nzwalo, H ^b   Bradbury, J H ^c  

^a EDUARDO MONDLANE UNIVERSITY   (Mozambique)

^b HOSPITAL DE FARO   (Portugal)

^c AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

Author keywords

Cassava; Cyanide; Konzo; Mozambique

Indexed keywords

CYANIDE; SULFATE; THIOCYANATE;

ARTICLE; BLOOD LEVEL; CASSAVA; CHILD; CYANIDE POISONING; EPIDEMIC; FOOD INTAKE; FOOD PROCESSING; FOOD SECURITY; GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION; HUMAN; INCIDENCE; KONZO; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MOZAMBIQUE; POPULATION RISK; PRESCHOOL CHILD; SPASTIC PARAPLEGIA; URINALYSIS;

CHILD; CYANIDES; DIET; EPIDEMICS; FEMALE; FOODBORNE DISEASES; HUMANS; MANIHOT; MOTOR NEURON DISEASE; MOZAMBIQUE; THIOCYANATES;

MANIHOT ESCULENTA;

EID: 79551595184     PISSN: 02786915     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2010.06.056     Document Type: Article

References (23)

1. Bradbury J.H. Simple wetting method to reduce cyanogen content of cassava flour. J. Food Comp. Anal. 2006, 19:388-393.
2. Bradbury M.G., Egan S.V., Bradbury J.H. Picrate paper kits for determination of total cyanogens in cassava roots and all forms of cyanogens in cassava products. J. Sci. Food Agric. 1999, 79:593-601.
3. Cardoso A.P., Ernesto M., Cliff J., Egan S.V., Bradbury J.H. Cyanogenic potential of cassava flour: field trial in Mozambique of a simple kit. Int. J. Food Sci. Nutr. 1998, 49:93-99.
4. Cardoso A.P., Ernesto M., Nicala D., Mirione E., Chavane L., Nzwalo H., Chikumba S., Cliff J., Mabota A.P., Haque M.R., Bradbury J.H. Combination of cassava flour cyanide and urinary thiocyanate measurements of school children in Mozambique. Int. J. Food Sci. Nutr. 2004, 55:183-190.
5. Cardoso A.P., Mirione E., Ernesto M., Massaza F., Cliff J., Haque M.R., Bradbury J.H. Processing of cassava roots to remove cyanogens. J. Food Comp. Anal. 2005, 18:451-460.
6. Casadei E., Cliff J., Neves J. Surveillance of urinary thiocyanate concentration after epidemic spastic paraparesis in Mozambique. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 1990, 93:257-261.
7. Cliff J. Cassava safety in times of war and drought in Mozambique. Acta Hort. 1994, 375:373-378.
8. Cliff J., Lundquist P., Mårtensson J., Rosling H., Sörbo B. Association of high cyanide and low sulphur intake in cassava-induced spastic paraparesis. Lancet 1985, ii:1211-1213.
9. Cliff J., Essers S., Rosling H. Ankle clonus correlating with cyanide intake from cassava in rural children from Mozambique. J. Trop. Pediatr. 1986, 93:257-261.
10. Cliff J., Nicala D., Saute F., Givragy R., Azambuja G., Taela A., Chavane L., Howarth J. Konzo associated with war in Mozambique. Trop. Med. Int. Health 1997, 2:1068-1074.
11. Cliff J., Nicala D., Saute F., Givragy R., Azambuja G., Taela A., Chavane L., Gani A. Ankle clonus and thiocyanate, linamarin, and inorganic sulphate excretion in school children in communities with Konzo, Mozambique. J. Trop. Pediatr. 1999, 45:139-142.
12. Cumbana A., Mirione E., Cliff J., Bradbury J.H. Reduction of cyanide content of cassava flour in Mozambique by the wetting method. Food Chem. 2007, 101:894-897.
13. Egan S.V., Yeoh H.H., Bradbury J.H. Simple picrate paper kit for determination of the cyanogenic potential of cassava flour. J. Sci. Food Agric. 1998, 76:39-48.
14. Ernesto M., Cardoso A.P., Nicala D., Mirione E., Massaza F., Cliff J., Haque M.R., Bradbury J.H. Persistent konzo and cyanogen toxicity from cassava in northern Mozambique. Acta Trop. 2002, 82:357-362.
15. Essers A.J.A., Alsen P., Rosling H. Insufficient processing of cassava induced acute intoxications and the paralytic disease konzo in a rural area of Mozambique. Ecol. Food Nutr. 1992, 27:172-177.
16. FAO/WHO, 1991. Joint FAO/WHO Food Standards Programme. Codex Alimentarius Commission XII, Suppl. 4, FAO, Rome, 1991.
17. Hanlon, J., Smart, T., 2008. Do Bicycles Equal Development in Mozambique? James Currey.
18. Haque M.R., Bradbury J.H. Simple method for determination of thiocyanate in urine. Clin. Chem. 1999, 45:1459-1464.
19. Howlett W.P., Brubaker G.R., Mlingi N., Rosling H. Konzo, an epidemic upper motor neuron disease studied in Tanzania. Brain 1990, 113(pt1):223-235.
20. Lundquist P., Mårtennson J., Sörbo B., Öhman S. Method for determining thiocyanate in serum and urine. Clin. Chem. 1979, 25:678-681.
21. Ministry of Health, Mozambique Mantakassa: an epidemic of spastic paraparesis associated with chronic cyanide intoxication in a cassava staple area of Mozambique. 1. Epidemiology and clinical and laboratory findings in patients. Bull. World Health Org. 1984, 62:477-484.
22. Muquingue H., Nhassico D., Sitoe L., Tonela A., Bradbury J.H. Field trial in Mozambique of a new method for detoxification of cyanide in cassava products. CCDN News 2005, 6:3-4.
23. Tylleskär T., Howlett W.P., Rwiza H.T., Aquilonius S.M., Stålberg E., Lindén B., Mandahl A., Larsen H.C., Brubaker G.R., Rosling H. Konzo: a distinct disease entity with selective upper motor neuron damage. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 1993, 56:638-643.