Sedimentation styles and depositional processes in a Middle to Late Jurassic slope environment, Bowser Basin, northwestern British Columbia, Canada

Marine and Petroleum Geology

Volumn 28, Issue 3, 2011, Pages 698-715

  Gagnon, Jean François ^a   Waldron, John W F ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ALBERTA   (Canada)

Author keywords

Bowser Basin; Channel; Deep water; Mass transport deposit; Todagin assemblage; Turbidite; Western Canada

Indexed keywords

BOWSER BASIN; CHANNEL; DEEPWATER; MASS-TRANSPORT DEPOSIT; TODAGIN ASSEMBLAGE; TURBIDITE; WESTERN CANADA;

ANOXIC SEDIMENTS; LANDFORMS; SEDIMENTATION; SEDIMENTOLOGY; STRATIGRAPHY;

DEPOSITS;

AGGRADATION; BASEMENT ROCK; DEEP WATER; DEPOSITIONAL ENVIRONMENT; JURASSIC; MASS TRANSPORT; MUDSTONE; SEDIMENTARY STRUCTURE; SEDIMENTATION; SLOPE STABILITY; TURBIDITE;

BOWSER BASIN; BRITISH COLUMBIA; CANADA; TODAGIN MOUNTAIN;

EID: 79551582041     PISSN: 02648172     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2010.06.004     Document Type: Article

References (85)

1. Abreu V., Sullivan M., Pirmez C., Mohrig D. Lateral accretion packages (LAPs): an important reservoir element in deep water sinuous channels. Marine and Petroleum Geology 2003, 20:631-648.
2. Alldrick D.J. Geology and Mineral Deposits of the Salmon River Valley, Stewart Area 1987, British Columbia Ministry of Energy, Mines and Petroleum Resources, Open File Map 1987-22, 1:50 000.
3. Alldrick D.J. Geology and Metallogeny of the Stewart Mining Camp, Northwestern British Columbia 1993, British Columbia Ministry of Energy, Mines and Petroleum Resources, Report 85, 105pp.
4. Alldrick, D.J., Nelson, J.L., Barresi, T., 2005. Geology and mineral occurrences of the Upper Iskut River Area: tracking the Eskay rift trough northern British Columbia (Telegraph Creek NTS 104G/1,2; Iskut River NTS 104B/9, 10, 15, 16). Geological Fieldwork 2004, Paper 2005-1, British Columbia Geological Survey, pp. 1-30.
5. Anderson R.G. A Mesozoic stratigraphic and plutonic framework for northwestern Stikinia (Iskut River area), northwestern British Columbia, Canada. Mesozoic Paleogeography of the Western United States-II 71, SEPM Pacific Section 1993, 477-494. G. Dunne, K. McDougall (Eds.).
6. Anderson, R.G., Thorkelson, D.J., 1990. Mesozoic stratigraphy and setting for some mineral deposits in Iskut River map area, northwestern British Columbia. Current Research Part E, Paper 90-1E, Geological Survey of Canada, pp. 131-139.
7. Armitage D.A., Romans B.W., Covault J.A., Graham S.A. The influence of mass-transport-deposit surface topography on the evolution of turbidite architecture: the Sierra Contreras, Tres Pasos Formation (Cretaceous), southern Chile. Journal of Sedimentary Research 2009, 79:287-301.
8. Arnott R.W.C. Stratal architecture and origin of lateral accretion deposits (LADs) and conterminuous inner-bank levee deposits in a base-of-slope sinuous channel, lower Isaac Formation (Neoproterozoic), East-Central British Columbia, Canada. Marine and Petroleum Geology 2007, 24:515-528.
9. Barrett T.J., Sherlock R.L. Geology, lithogeochemistry and volcanic setting of the Eskay Creek Au-Ag-Cu-Zn deposit, northwestern British Columbia. Exploration Mining Geology 1996, 5:339-368.
10. Beaubouef R.T. Deep-water leveed-channel complexes of the Cerro Toro Formation, upper Cretaceous, southern Chile. AAPG Bulletin 2004, 88:1471-1500.
11. Beaubouef R.T., Friedman J. High resolution seismic/sequence stratigraphic framework for the evolution of Pleistocene intra-slope basins, western Gulf of Mexico: depositional models and reservoir analogs. Deep-water Reservoirs of the World. 20th Annual Research Conference, Gulf Coast Section 2000, 40-60. SEPM. P. Weimer, R.M. Slatt, J.M. Coleman, N.C. Rosen, H. Nelson, A.H. Bouma, M.J. Styzen, D.T. Lawrence (Eds.).
12. Bouma A.H. Sedimentology of Some Flysch Deposits: a Graphic Approach to Facies Interpretation 1962, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 168 pp.
13. Catuneanu O., Abreu V., Bhattacharya J.P., Blum M.D., Dalrymple R.W., Eriksson P.G., Fielding C.R., Fisher W.L., Galloway W.E., Gibling M.R., Giles K.A., Holbrook J.M., Jordan R., Kendall C.G.S.C., Macurda B., Martinsen O.J., Miall A.D., Neal J.E., Nummeral D., Pomar L., Posamentier H.W., Pratt B.R., Sarg J.F., Shanley K.W., Steel R.J., Strasser A., Tucker M.E., Winker C. Towards the standardization of sequence stratigraphy. Earth Science Reviews 2009, 92:1-33.
14. Clark J.D., Pickering K.T. Architectural elements and growth patterns of submarine channels: application to hydrocarbon exploration. AAPG Bulletin 1996, 80:194-221.
15. Coleman J.M., Prior D.B. Mass-wasting on continental margins. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences 1988, 16:101-121.
16. Collinson J.D. The sedimentology of the Grindslow Shales and the Kinderscout Grit: a deltaic complex in the Namurian of northern England. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology 1969, 39:194-221.
17. Crane W.H., Lowe D.R. Architecture and evolution of the Paine channel complex, Cerro Toro Formation (upper Cretaceous), Silla syncline, Magallanes Basin, Chile. Sedimentology 2008, 55:979-1009.
18. Covault J.A., Normark W.R., Romans B.W., Graham S.A. Highstand fans in the California borderland: the overlooked deep-water depositional systems. Geology 2007, 35:783-786.
19. Deptuck M.E., Steffens G.S., Barton M., Pirmez C. Architecture and evolution of upper fan channel belts on the Niger Delta slope and in the Arabian Sea. Marine and Petroleum Geology 2003, 20:649-676.
20. Dott R.H.J. Dynamics of subaqueous gravity depositional processes. AAPG Bulletin 1963, 47:104-128.
21. Eisbacher G.H. Pericollisional strike-slip faults and synorogenic basins, Canadian Cordillera. Strike-slip Deformation, Basin Formation, and Sedimentation 1985, vol. 37:265-282. SEPM Special Publication. K.T. Biddle, N. Christie-Blick (Eds.).
22. Eschard R., Albouy E., Deschamps R., Euzen T., Ayub A. Downstream evolution of turbiditic channel complexes in the Pab Range outcrops (Maastrichtian, Pakistan). Marine and Petroleum Geology 2003, 20:691-710.
23. Evenchick C.A. Geometry, evolution, and tectonic framework of the Skeena Fold Belt, north-central British Columbia. Tectonics 1991, 10:527-546.
24. Evenchick C.A., Gabrielse H., Snyder D. Crustal structure and lithology of the northern Canadian Cordillera: alternative interpretations of SNORCLE seismic reflection lines 2A and 2b. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 2005, 42:1149-1161.
25. Evenchick, C.A., Green, G.M., 2004. Geology, Kluea Lake, British Columbia. Geological Survey of Canada, "A" Series Map 2028A, 1: 50 000.
26. Evenchick C.A., McNicoll V.J. Stratigraphy, structure, and geochronology of the Anyox Pendant, northwest British Columbia, and implications for mineral exploration. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 2002, 39:1313-1332.
27. Evenchick, C.A., Mustard, P.S., McMechan, M.E., Greig, C.J., Ferri, F., Ritcey, D., Smith, G., Hadlari, T., Waldron, J.W.F., 2009. Geology, compilation geology of Bowser and Sustut basins draped on shaded relief map, north-central British Columbia. Geological Survey of Canada, Open File 5794, 1:500 000.
28. Evenchick C.A., Thorkelson D.J. Geology of the Spatsizi River map area, north-central British Columbia. Geological Survey of Canada, Bulletin 2005, 577:276.
29. Fildani A., Hessler A.M. Stratigraphic record across a retroarc basin inversion: Rocas Verdes-Magallanes Basin, Patagonian Andes, Chile. Geological Society of America Bulletin 2005, 117:1596-1614.
30. Fildani A., Hessler A.M., Graham S.A. Trench-forearc interactions reflected in the sedimentary fill of Talara basin, northwest Peru. Basin Research 2008, 20:305-331.
31. Fildani, A., Hubbard, S.M. and Romans, B.W., 2009. Stratigraphic evolution of deep-water architecture: examples of controls and deposition styles from the Magallanes Basin, southern Chile. In: Outcrop Atlas and Field Guide for SEPM Research Conference, SEPM Fieldtrip Guidebook 10, 73 pp.
32. Flint S.S., Hodgson D.M., Sprague A.R., Brunt R.L., Van der Merwe W.C., Figueiredo J., Prélat A., Box D., Di Celma C., Kavanagh J.P. Depositional architecture and sequence stratigraphy of the Karoo basin floor to shelf edge succession, Laingsburg depocentre, South Africa. Marine and Petroleum Geology 2011, 28(3):658-674.
33. Gagnon J.-F., Evenchick C.A., Waldron J.W.F., Cordey F., Poulton T.P. Jurassic subsidence history of the Hazelton trough-Bowser Basin in the area of Todagin Mountain, north-central British Columbia. Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology 2009, 57:1-19.
34. Ghosh B., Lowe D.R. The architecture of deepwater channel complexes, Cretaceous Venado sandstone Member, Sacramento Valley, California. Advances in the Sedimentary Geology of the Great Valley Group, Sacramento Valley, California: Pacific Section 1993, 51-65. SEPM. S.A. Graham, D.R. Lowe (Eds.).
35. Gabrielse H. Late Paleozoic and Mesozoic terrane interactions in north-central British Columbia. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 1991, 28:947-957.
36. Green, G.M., 1992. Detailed sedimentology of the Bowser Lake Group, northern Bowser Basin, north-central British Columbia. M.Sc. thesis, Carleton University, Ottawa, 197 pp.
37. Grove E.W. Geology and Mineral Deposits of the the Unuk River - Salmon River - Anyox Area 1986, British Columbia Ministry of Energy, Mines and Petroleum Resources, Bulletin 63, 152 pp.
38. Haq B.U., Hardenbol J., Vail P.R. Chronology of fluctuating Sea levels since the Triassic. Science 1987, 235:1156-1167.
39. Hickson T.A., Lowe D.R. Facies architecture of a submarine fan channel-levee complex: the Juniper Ridge Conglomerate, Coalinga, California. Sedimentology 2002, 49:335-362.
40. Hubbard S.M., Fildani A., Romans B.W., Covault J.A., McHargue T.R. High-relief slope clinoform development: insights from outcrop, Magallanes Basin, Chile. Journal of Sedimentary Research 2010, 80:357-375.
41. Hunt D., Tucker M.E. Stranded parasequences and the forced regressive wedge systems tract: deposition during base-level fall. Sedimentary Geology 1992, 81:1-9.
42. Ilstad T., Elverhoi A., Issler D.R., Marr J.G. Subaqueous debris flow behaviour and its dependence on the sand/clay ratio: a laboratory study using particle tracking. Marine Geology 2004, 213:415-438.
43. Iverson R.M., Reid M.E., LaHusen R.G. Debris flow mobilization from landslides. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences 1997, 25:85-138.
44. Johansson M., Stow D.A.V. A classification scheme for shale clasts in deep-water sandstones. Characterization of Deep Marine Clastic Systems 1995, 123-137. Geological Society Special Publication 216, London. A.J. Hartley, D.J. Prosser (Eds.).
45. Kane I.A., Hodgson D.M. Sedimentological criteria to differentiate submarine channel levee subenvironments: exhumed examples from the Rosario Fm. (Upper Cretaceous) of Baja California, Mexico, and the Fort Brown Fm. (Permian), Karoo Basin, S. Africa. Marine and Petroleum Geology 2011, 28(3):807-823.
46. Kneller B. The influence of flow parameters on turbidite slope channel architecture. Marine and Petroleum Geology 2003, 20:901-910.
47. Kolla V., Bourges P., Urruty J.M., Safa P. Evolution of deep-water Tertiary sinuous channel offshore Angola (west Africa) and implications for reservoir architecture. AAPG Bulletin 2001, 85:1371-1405.
48. Lowe D.R. Grain flow and grain flow deposits. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology 1976, 46:188-199.
49. Lowe D.R. Sediment gravity flows: their classification and some problems of application to natural flows and deposits. Geology of Continental Slopes 1979, vol. 27:75-82. SEPM Special Publication. L.J. Doyle, O.H. Pilkey (Eds.).
50. Lowe D.R. Sediment gravity flows; II. Depositional models with special references to the deposits of high-density turbidity currents. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology 1982, 52:279-297.
51. Marsden H., Thorkelson D.J. Geology of the Hazelton volcanic belt in British Columbia: implications for the Early to Middle Jurassic evolution of Stikinia. Tectonics 1992, 11:1266-1287.
52. Mayall M., Stewart I. The architecture of turbidite slope channels. Deep-water Reservoirs of the World. 20th Annual Research Conference, Gulf Coast Section 2000, 578-586. SEPM. P. Weimer, R.M. Slatt, J.M. Coleman, N.C. Rosen, H. Nelson, A.H. Bouma, M.J. Styzen, D.T. Lawrence (Eds.).
53. McDonald A.J., Lewis P.D., Thomson J.F.H., Nadaraju G., Bartsch R.D., Bridge D.J., Rhys D.A., Roth T., Kaip A., Godwin C.I., Sinclair A.J. Metallogeny of an Early to Middle Jurassic arc, Iskut River area, northwestern British Columbia. Economic Geology 1996, 91:1098-1114.
54. McHargue T.R., Pyrcz M.J., Sullivan M.D., Clark J., Fildani A., Romans B.W., Covault J.A., Levy M., Posamentier H., Drinkwater N. Architecture of turbidite channel systems on the continental slope: patterns and predictions. Marine and Petroleum Geology 2011, 28(3):728-743.
55. Mulder T., Alexander J. The physical character of subaqueous sedimentary density flows and their deposits. Sedimentology 2001, 48:269-299.
56. Mutti E., Normark W.R. An integrated approach to the study of turbidite systems. Seismic Facies and Sedimentary Processes of Modern and Ancient Submarine Fans 1991, 75-106. Springer Verlag, New York. P. Weimer, M.H. Links (Eds.).
57. Nardin T.R., Hein F.J., Gorsline D.S., Edwards B.D. A review of mass-movement processes, sediment acoustic characteristics, and contrasts in slope and base of slope systems versus canyon-fan-basin floor systems. Geology of Continental Slopes 1979, vol. 27:61-73. SEPM Special Publication. L.J. Doyle, O.H. Pilkey (Eds.).
58. Pemberton S.G., Spila M., Pulham A.J., Saunders T., MacEachern J.A., Robbins D., Sinclair I.K. Ichnology and sedimentology of shallow to marginal marine systems: Ben Nevis and Avalon reservoirs, Jeanne d'Arc Basin 2001, vol. 15. Geological Association of Canada, 343 pp.
59. Piper D.J.W., Normark W.R. Turbidite depositional patterns and flow characteristics, Navy submarine fan, California borderland. Sedimentology 1983, 30:681-694.
60. Piper, D.J.W., Pirmez, C., Manley, P.L., Long, D., Flood, R.D., Normark, W.R., Showers, W., 1997. Mass-transport deposits of the Amazon Fan. In: Flood, R.D., Piper, D.J.W., Klaus, A., Peterson, L.C. (Eds.), Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program Scientific Results, 155, pp. 109-146.
61. Pirmez C., Beaubouef R.T., Friedman J., Mohrig D. Equilibrium Profile and Base-level in Submarine Channels: Examples from Late Pleistocene Systems and Implications for the Architecture of Deep-water Reservoirs. Deep-water Reservoirs of the World, 20th Annual Research Conference, Gulf Coast Section 2000, 782-805. SEPM. P. Weimer, R.M. Slatt, J.M. Coleman, N.C. Rosen, H. Nelson, A.H. Bouma, M.J. Styzen, D.T. Lawrence (Eds.).
62. Posamentier H.W., Kolla V. Seismic geomorphology and stratigraphy of depositional elements in deep-water settings. Journal of Sedimentary Research 2003, 73:367-388.
63. Postma G., Nemec W., Kleinspehn K.L. Large floating clasts in turbidites: a mechanism for their emplacement. Sedimentary Geology 1988, 58:47-61.
64. Pyles D.R., Syvitski J.P.M., Slatt R.M. Defining the concept of stratigraphic grade and applying it to strata (reservoir) architecture and evolution of the slope-to-basin profile: an outcrop perspective. Marine and Petroleum Geology 2011, 28:675-697.
65. Ramsay J.G. Folding and Fracturing of Rocks 1967, McGraw Hill Book Company, New York, 560 pp.
66. Reading H.G., Richards M. Turbidite systems in deep-water basin margins classified by grain size and feeder system. AAPG Bulletin 1994, 78:792-822.
67. Ricketts, B.D., Evenchick, C.A., 1991. Analysis of the Middle to Upper Jurassic Bowser Basin, northern British Columbia. Geological Survey of Canada, Current Research Paper 91-1A., pp. 65-73.
68. Ricketts B.D., Evenchick C.A. Shelfbreak gullies; products of sea-level lowstand and sediment failure: examples from Bowser Basin, northern British Columbia. Journal of Sedimentary Research 1999, 69:1232-1240.
69. Ricketts B.D., Evenchick C.A. Evidence of different contractional styles along foredeep margins provided by Gilbert deltas: examples from Bowser Basin, British Columbia, Canada. Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology 2007, 55:243-261.
70. Romans B.W., Fildani A., Hubbard S.M., Covault J.A., Fosdick J.C., Graham S.A. Evolution of deep-water stratigraphic architecture, Magallanes basin, Chile. Marine and Petroleum Geology 2011, 28(3):612-628.
71. Ross W.C., Halliwell B.A., May J.A., Watts D.E., Syvitski J.P.M. Slope readjustment: a new model for the development of submarine fans and aprons. Geology 1994, 22:511-514.
72. Roth T., Thompson J.F.H., Barrett T.J. The precious metal - rich Eskay Creek deposit, northwestern British Columbia. Reviews in Economic Geology 1999, vol. 8:357-373. C.T. Barrie, M.D. Hannington (Eds.).
73. Sahagian D., Pinous O., Olferiev A., Zakharov V. Eustatic Curve for the Middle Jurassic-Cretaceous based on Russian Platform and Siberian stratigraphy: zonal resolution. AAPG Bulletin 1996, 80:1433-1458.
74. Samuel A., Kneller B., Raslan S., Sharp A., Parsons C. Profilic deep-marine slope channels of the Nile Delta, Egypt. AAPG Bulletin 2003, 87:541-560.
75. Schwarz E., Arnott R.W.C. Anatomy and evolution of a slope channel-complex set (Neoproterozoic Isaac Formation, Windermere Supergroup, southern Canadian Cordillera); implications for reservoir characterization. Journal of Sedimentary Research 2007, 77:89-109.
76. Sherlock R.L., Roth T., Spooner E.T.C., Bray C.J. Origin of the Eskay Creek precious metal-rich volcanogenic massive sulphide deposit: fluid inclusion and stable isotope evidence. Economic Geology 1999, 94:803-824.
77. Shultz M.R., Fildani A., Cope T.A., Graham S.A. Deposition and stratigraphic architecture of an outcropping ancient slope system: Tres Pasos Formation, Magallanes Basin, southern Chile. Submarine Slope Systems: Processes and Products 2005, vol. 244:27-50. Geological Society of London Special Publication. D.M. Hodgson, S.S. Flint (Eds.).
78. Slatt R.M. Why outcrop characterization of turbidite systems. Fine-grained Turbidite Systems 2000, 181-186. AAPG Memoir 72. A.H. Bouma, C.G. Stone (Eds.).
79. Stelting C.E. Migratory characteristics of a mid-fan meander belt, Mississippi fan. Submarine Fans and Related Turbidites Sequences 1985, 283-290. Springer, New York. W.R. Normark, N.E. Barnes (Eds.).
80. Thorkelson D.J., Mortensen J.K., Marsden H., Taylor D.C. Age and tectonic setting of Early Jurassic episodic volcanism along the northeastern margin of the Hazelton Trough, northern British Columbia. Jurassic Magmatism and Tectonics of the North American Cordillera 1995, vol. 299:83-94. Geological Society of America Special Paper. D.M. Miller, C.J. Busby (Eds.).
81. Tipper H.W., Richards T.A. Jurassic stratigraphy and history of north-central British Columbia. Geological Survey of Canada, Bulletin 1976, 270:73.
82. Tinterri R., Muzzi Magalhaes P. Synsedimentary-structural control on foredeep turbidites: An example from Miocene Marnoso-arenacea Formation, Northern Apennines, Italy. Marine and Petroleum Geology 2011, 28:629-657.
83. Tripsanas E.K., Bryant W.R., Phaneuf B.A. Slope instability interaction with halokinetic processes in a complex deep-water environment, Bryant Canyon area, northwest Gulf of Mexico. AAPG Bulletin 2004, 88:801-823.
84. Tripsanas E.K., Piper D.J.W., Jenner K.A., Bryant W.R. Submarine mass-transport facies: new perspectives on flow processes from cores on the eastern North American margin. Sedimentology 2008, 55:97-136.
85. Tripsanas E.K., Piper D.J.W., Campbell D.C. Evolution and depositional structure of earthquake-induced mass-movements and gravity flows: southwest Orphan Basin, Labrador Sea. Marine and Petroleum Geology 2008, 25:645-662.