메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 300, Issue 2, 2011, Pages

A mathematical model of the urine concentrating mechanism in the rat renal medulla. I. Formulation and base-case results

Author keywords

Countercurrent system; Kidney; NaCl transport; Urea transport

Indexed keywords

SODIUM CHLORIDE; UREA;

EID: 79551573862     PISSN: 1931857X     EISSN: 15221466     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00203.2010     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (50)

References (70)
  • 1
    • 0014987866 scopus 로고
    • Transtubular movement of urea at different degrees of water diuresis
    • Armsen T, Reinhardt HW. Transtubular movement of urea at different degrees of water diuresis. Pflügers Arch 326: 270-280, 1971.
    • (1971) Pflügers Arch , vol.326 , pp. 270-280
    • Armsen, T.1    Reinhardt, H.W.2
  • 3
    • 77649098204 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expression of transporters involved in urine concentration recovers differently after cessation of lithium treatment
    • Blount MA, Sim JH, Zhou R, Martin CF, Lu W, Sands JM, Klein JD. Expression of transporters involved in urine concentration recovers differently after cessation of lithium treatment. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 298: F601-F608, 2010.
    • (2010) Am J Physiol Renal Physiol , vol.298
    • Blount, M.A.1    Sim, J.H.2    Zhou, R.3    Martin, C.F.4    Lu, W.5    Sands, J.M.6    Klein, J.D.7
  • 4
    • 68049089959 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A mathematical model of oxygen transport in the rat outer medulla: I. Model formulation and baseline results
    • Chen J, Layton AT, Edwards A. A mathematical model of oxygen transport in the rat outer medulla: I. model formulation and baseline results. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 297: F517-F536, 2009.
    • (2009) Am J Physiol Renal Physiol , vol.297
    • Chen, J.1    Layton, A.T.2    Edwards, A.3
  • 5
    • 0027511902 scopus 로고
    • In vitro perfusion of chinchilla thin limb segments: Urea and NaCl permeabilities
    • Chou CL, Knepper MA. In vitro perfusion of chinchilla thin limb segments: urea and NaCl permeabilities. Am J Physiol Renal Fluid Electrolyte Physiol 264: F337-F343, 1993.
    • (1993) Am J Physiol Renal Fluid Electrolyte Physiol , vol.264
    • Chou, C.L.1    Knepper, M.A.2
  • 6
    • 77950842621 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Osmotic water permeabilities in specific segments of rat inner medullary thin limbs of Henle's loops
    • Dantzler WH, Evans KK, Pannabecker TL. Osmotic water permeabilities in specific segments of rat inner medullary thin limbs of Henle's loops. FASEB J 23: 970.3, 2009.
    • (2009) FASEB J , vol.23
    • Dantzler, W.H.1    Evans, K.K.2    Pannabecker, T.L.3
  • 7
    • 0002414366 scopus 로고
    • The urinary concentrating mechanism
    • edited by Kinne RKH. Basel: Karger
    • de Rouffignac C. The urinary concentrating mechanism. In: Urinary Concentrating Mechanisms, edited by Kinne RKH. Basel: Karger, 1990, p. 31-102.
    • (1990) Urinary Concentrating Mechanisms , pp. 31-102
    • De Rouffignac, C.1
  • 8
    • 17344374885 scopus 로고
    • Étude chez le rat des variations du débit individuel de filtration glomérulaire des néphron superficiels et profonds en fonction de l'apport sodé
    • de Rouffignac C, Bouvalet JP. Étude chez le rat des variations du débit individuel de filtration glomérulaire des néphron superficiels et profonds en fonction de l'apport sodé. Pflügers Arch 317: 141-156, 1970.
    • (1970) Pflügers Arch , vol.317 , pp. 141-156
    • De Rouffignac, C.1    Bouvalet, J.P.2
  • 9
    • 0019948754 scopus 로고
    • Effects of low potassium diet on Na-K-ATPase in rat nephron segments
    • Garg LC, Mackie S, Tischer CC. Effects of low potassium diet on Na-K-ATPase in rat nephron segments. Pflügers Arch 394: 113-117, 1982.
    • (1982) Pflügers Arch , vol.394 , pp. 113-117
    • Garg, L.C.1    Mackie, S.2    Tischer, C.C.3
  • 11
    • 0000117105 scopus 로고
    • Micropuncture study of the mammalian urinary concentrating mechanism: Evidence for the countercurrent hypothesis
    • Gottschalk CW, Mylle M. Micropuncture study of the mammalian urinary concentrating mechanism: evidence for the countercurrent hypothesis. Am J Physiol 196: 927-936, 1959.
    • (1959) Am J Physiol , vol.196 , pp. 927-936
    • Gottschalk, C.W.1    Mylle, M.2
  • 12
    • 0014458406 scopus 로고
    • The time-course of changes in renal tissue composition during lysine vasopressin infusion in the rat
    • Hai MA, Thomas S. The time-course of changes in renal tissue composition during lysine vasopressin infusion in the rat. Pflügers Arch 310: 297-319, 1969.
    • (1969) Pflügers Arch , vol.310 , pp. 297-319
    • Hai, M.A.1    Thomas, S.2
  • 13
    • 0026877020 scopus 로고
    • Experimental tests of three-dimensional model of urinary concentrating mechanism
    • Han JS, Thompson KA, Chou CL, Knepper MA. Experimental tests of three-dimensional model of urinary concentrating mechanism. J Am Soc Nephrol 2: 1677-1688, 1992.
    • (1992) J Am Soc Nephrol , vol.2 , pp. 1677-1688
    • Han, J.S.1    Thompson, K.A.2    Chou, C.L.3    Knepper, M.A.4
  • 14
    • 0017350095 scopus 로고
    • Function of the thin ascending limb of Henle of rats and hamsters perfused in vitro
    • Imai M. Function of the thin ascending limb of Henle of rats and hamsters perfused in vitro. Am J Physiol Renal Fluid Electrolyte Physiol 232: F201-F209, 1977.
    • (1977) Am J Physiol Renal Fluid Electrolyte Physiol , vol.232
    • Imai, M.1
  • 16
    • 0015544167 scopus 로고
    • A micropuncture study of Henle's thin loop in Brattleboro rats
    • Jamison RL, Buerkert J, Lacy F. A micropuncture study of Henle's thin loop in Brattleboro rats. Am J Physiol 224: 180-185, 1973.
    • (1973) Am J Physiol , vol.224 , pp. 180-185
    • Jamison, R.L.1    Buerkert, J.2    Lacy, F.3
  • 18
    • 0017355709 scopus 로고
    • Evidence for a concentration gradient favoring outward movement of sodium from the thin loop of Henle
    • Johnston PA, Battilana CA, Lacy FB, Jamison RL. Evidence for a concentration gradient favoring outward movement of sodium from the thin loop of Henle. J Clin Invest 59: 234-240, 1977.
    • (1977) J Clin Invest , vol.59 , pp. 234-240
    • Johnston, P.A.1    Battilana, C.A.2    Lacy, F.B.3    Jamison, R.L.4
  • 19
    • 0031970867 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term regulation of inner medullary collecting duct urea transport in rat
    • Kato A, Naruse M, Knepper MA, Sands JM. Long-term regulation of inner medullary collecting duct urea transport in rat. J Am Soc Nephrol 9: 737-745, 1998.
    • (1998) J Am Soc Nephrol , vol.9 , pp. 737-745
    • Kato, A.1    Naruse, M.2    Knepper, M.A.3    Sands, J.M.4
  • 20
    • 0020051845 scopus 로고
    • Measurement of osmolality in kidney slices using vapor pressure osmometry
    • Knepper MA. Measurement of osmolality in kidney slices using vapor pressure osmometry. Kidney Int 21: 653-655, 1982.
    • (1982) Kidney Int , vol.21 , pp. 653-655
    • Knepper, M.A.1
  • 21
    • 0020773910 scopus 로고
    • Urea transport in nephron segments from medullary rays of rats
    • Knepper MA. Urea transport in nephron segments from medullary rays of rats. Am J Physiol Renal Fluid Electrolyte Physiol 244: F622-F627, 1983.
    • (1983) Am J Physiol Renal Fluid Electrolyte Physiol , vol.244
    • Knepper, M.A.1
  • 22
    • 0017708101 scopus 로고
    • Quantitative analysis of renal medullary anatomy in rats and rabbits
    • Knepper MA, Danielson RA, Saidel GM, Post RS. Quantitative analysis of renal medullary anatomy in rats and rabbits. Kidney Int 12: 313-323, 1977.
    • (1977) Kidney Int , vol.12 , pp. 313-323
    • Knepper, M.A.1    Danielson, R.A.2    Saidel, G.M.3    Post, R.S.4
  • 23
    • 0023128178 scopus 로고
    • Pathways of urea transport in the mammalian kidney
    • Knepper MA, Roch-Ramel F. Pathways of urea transport in the mammalian kidney. Kidney Int 31: 629-633, 1987.
    • (1987) Kidney Int , vol.31 , pp. 629-633
    • Knepper, M.A.1    Roch-Ramel, F.2
  • 24
    • 0037369415 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Concentration of solutes in the renal inner medulla: Interstitial hyaluronan as a mechanoosmotic transducer
    • Knepper MA, Saidel GM, Hascall VC, Dwyer T. Concentration of solutes in the renal inner medulla: interstitial hyaluronan as a mechanoosmotic transducer. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 284: F433-F446, 2003.
    • (2003) Am J Physiol Renal Physiol , vol.284
    • Knepper, M.A.1    Saidel, G.M.2    Hascall, V.C.3    Dwyer, T.4
  • 25
    • 0016213808 scopus 로고
    • Measurements of exponential gradients of sodium and chloride in the rat kidney medulla using the electron microprobe
    • Koepsell H, Nicholson WAP, Kriz W, Höhling HJ. Measurements of exponential gradients of sodium and chloride in the rat kidney medulla using the electron microprobe. Pflügers Arch 350: 167-184, 1974.
    • (1974) Pflügers Arch , vol.350 , pp. 167-184
    • Koepsell, H.1    Nicholson, W.A.P.2    Kriz, W.3    Höhling, H.J.4
  • 26
    • 0015406331 scopus 로고
    • Countercurrent multiplication system without active transport in the inner medulla
    • Kokko JP, Rector FC. Countercurrent multiplication system without active transport in the inner medulla. Kidney Int 2: 214-223, 1972.
    • (1972) Kidney Int , vol.2 , pp. 214-223
    • Kokko, J.P.1    Rector, F.C.2
  • 27
    • 0014159349 scopus 로고
    • Der architektonische and funktionelle Aufbau der Rattenniere
    • Kriz W. Der architektonische and funktionelle Aufbau der Rattenniere. Z Zellforsch 82, 1967.
    • (1967) Z Zellforsch , vol.82
    • Kriz, W.1
  • 28
    • 17544394969 scopus 로고
    • Structural organization of the renal medulla: Comparative and functional aspects
    • Kriz W. Structural organization of the renal medulla: comparative and functional aspects. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 241: R3-R16, 1981.
    • (1981) Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol , vol.241
    • Kriz, W.1
  • 29
    • 0002934141 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Structural organization of the mammalian kidney
    • (3rd ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
    • Kriz W, Kaissling B. Structural organization of the mammalian kidney. In: The Kidney: Physiology and Pathophysiology (3rd ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2000, p. 587-654.
    • (2000) The Kidney: Physiology and Pathophysiology , pp. 587-654
    • Kriz, W.1    Kaissling, B.2
  • 30
    • 0014533508 scopus 로고
    • Renal countercurrent mechanisms: Structure and function
    • Kriz W, Lever AF. Renal countercurrent mechanisms: structure and function. Am Heart J 78: 101-118, 1969.
    • (1969) Am Heart J , vol.78 , pp. 101-118
    • Kriz, W.1    Lever, A.F.2
  • 31
    • 0015453354 scopus 로고
    • The position of short and long loops of Henle in the rat kidney
    • Kriz W, Schnermann J, Koepsell H. The position of short and long loops of Henle in the rat kidney. Z Anat Entwickl-Gesch 138: 301-319, 1972.
    • (1972) Z Anat Entwickl-Gesch , vol.138 , pp. 301-319
    • Kriz, W.1    Schnermann, J.2    Koepsell, H.3
  • 32
    • 0001418454 scopus 로고
    • Micropuncture study of net transtubular movement of water and urea in nondiuretic mammalian kidney
    • Lassiter WE, Gottschalk CW, Mylle M. Micropuncture study of net transtubular movement of water and urea in nondiuretic mammalian kidney. Am J Physiol 200: 1139-1146, 1961.
    • (1961) Am J Physiol , vol.200 , pp. 1139-1146
    • Lassiter, W.E.1    Gottschalk, C.W.2    Mylle, M.3
  • 33
    • 79551518894 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A mathematical model of the urine concentrating mechanism in the rat renal medulla. II. Functional implications of three-dimensional architecture
    • First published November 10, doi:10.1152/ajprenal.00204.2010
    • Layton AT. A mathematical model of the urine concentrating mechanism in the rat renal medulla. II. Functional implications of three-dimensional architecture. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol (First published November 10, 2010) doi:10.1152/ajprenal.00204.2010.
    • (2010) Am J Physiol Renal Physiol
    • Layton, A.T.1
  • 34
    • 0041426453 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A region-based model framework for the rat urine concentrating mechanism
    • Layton AT, Layton HE. A region-based model framework for the rat urine concentrating mechanism. Bull Math Biol 65: 859-901, 2003.
    • (2003) Bull Math Biol , vol.65 , pp. 859-901
    • Layton, A.T.1    Layton, H.E.2
  • 35
    • 27944459721 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A region-based mathematical model of the urine concentrating mechanism in the rat outer medulla. I. Formulation and base-case results
    • Layton AT, Layton HE. A region-based mathematical model of the urine concentrating mechanism in the rat outer medulla. I. Formulation and base-case results. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 289: F1346-F1366, 2005.
    • (2005) Am J Physiol Renal Physiol , vol.289
    • Layton, A.T.1    Layton, H.E.2
  • 36
    • 27944510246 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A region-based mathematical model of the urine concentrating mechanism in the rat outer medulla. II. Parameter sensitivity and tubular inhomogeneity
    • Layton AT, Layton HE. A region-based mathematical model of the urine concentrating mechanism in the rat outer medulla. II. Parameter sensitivity and tubular inhomogeneity. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 289: F1367-F1381, 2005.
    • (2005) Am J Physiol Renal Physiol , vol.289
    • Layton, A.T.1    Layton, H.E.2
  • 37
    • 69249121209 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The mammalian urine concentrating mechanism: Hypotheses and uncertainties
    • Layton AT, Layton HE, Pannabecker TL, Dantzler WH. The mammalian urine concentrating mechanism: hypotheses and uncertainties. Physiology 24: 250-256, 2009.
    • (2009) Physiology , vol.24 , pp. 250-256
    • Layton, A.T.1    Layton, H.E.2    Pannabecker, T.L.3    Dantzler, W.H.4
  • 40
    • 0022540201 scopus 로고
    • Distribution of Henle's loops may enhance urine concentrating capability
    • Layton HE. Distribution of Henle's loops may enhance urine concentrating capability. Biophys J 49: 1033-1040, 1986.
    • (1986) Biophys J , vol.49 , pp. 1033-1040
    • Layton, H.E.1
  • 41
    • 0023115785 scopus 로고
    • Cycles and separations: The histotopography of the urinary concentrating process
    • Lemley KV, Kriz W. Cycles and separations: the histotopography of the urinary concentrating process. Kidney Int 31: 538-548, 1987.
    • (1987) Kidney Int , vol.31 , pp. 538-548
    • Lemley, K.V.1    Kriz, W.2
  • 42
    • 0025762476 scopus 로고
    • Anatomy of the renal interstitium
    • Lemley KV, Kriz W. Anatomy of the renal interstitium. Kidney Int 39: 370-381, 1991.
    • (1991) Kidney Int , vol.39 , pp. 370-381
    • Lemley, K.V.1    Kriz, W.2
  • 43
    • 0014014551 scopus 로고
    • Countercurrent exchange between the vasa recta and the loop of Henle
    • Lever AF, Kriz W. Countercurrent exchange between the vasa recta and the loop of Henle. Lancet 14: 1057-1060, 1966.
    • (1966) Lancet , vol.14 , pp. 1057-1060
    • Lever, A.F.1    Kriz, W.2
  • 44
    • 0034923121 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Avian-type renal medullary tubule organization causes immaturity of urine-concentrating ability in neonates
    • Liu W, Morimoto T, Kondo Y, Iinuma K, Uchida S, Imai M. Avian-type renal medullary tubule organization causes immaturity of urine-concentrating ability in neonates. Kidney Int 60: 680-693, 2001.
    • (2001) Kidney Int , vol.60 , pp. 680-693
    • Liu, W.1    Morimoto, T.2    Kondo, Y.3    Iinuma, K.4    Uchida, S.5    Imai, M.6
  • 45
    • 0014750182 scopus 로고
    • Solute and water flows in thin limbs of Henle's loop in the hamster kidney
    • Marsh DJ. Solute and water flows in thin limbs of Henle's loop in the hamster kidney. Am J Physiol 218: 824-831, 1970.
    • (1970) Am J Physiol , vol.218 , pp. 824-831
    • Marsh, D.J.1
  • 46
    • 0016640845 scopus 로고
    • Mechanism of NaCl reabsorption by hamster thin ascending limbs of Henle's loop
    • Marsh DJ, Azen SP. Mechanism of NaCl reabsorption by hamster thin ascending limbs of Henle's loop. Am J Physiol 228: 71-79, 1975.
    • (1975) Am J Physiol , vol.228 , pp. 71-79
    • Marsh, D.J.1    Azen, S.P.2
  • 47
    • 0000324030 scopus 로고
    • Analysis of electrolyte movement in thin Henle's loops of hamster papilla
    • Marsh DJ, Solomon S. Analysis of electrolyte movement in thin Henle's loops of hamster papilla. Am J Physiol 208: 1119-1128, 1965.
    • (1965) Am J Physiol , vol.208 , pp. 1119-1128
    • Marsh, D.J.1    Solomon, S.2
  • 50
    • 0347990544 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Three-dimensional functional reconstruction of inner medullary thin limbs of Henle's loop
    • Pannabecker TL, Abbott DE, Dantzler WH. Three-dimensional functional reconstruction of inner medullary thin limbs of Henle's loop. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 286: F38-F45, 2004.
    • (2004) Am J Physiol Renal Physiol , vol.286
    • Pannabecker, T.L.1    Abbott, D.E.2    Dantzler, W.H.3
  • 51
    • 4644320202 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Three-dimensional lateral and vertical relationship of inner medullary loops of Henle and collecting duct
    • Pannabecker TL, Dantzler WH. Three-dimensional lateral and vertical relationship of inner medullary loops of Henle and collecting duct. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 287: F767-F774, 2004.
    • (2004) Am J Physiol Renal Physiol , vol.287
    • Pannabecker, T.L.1    Dantzler, W.H.2
  • 52
    • 33744814622 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Three-dimensional architecture of inner medullary vasa recta
    • Pannabecker TL, Dantzler WH. Three-dimensional architecture of inner medullary vasa recta. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 290: F1355-F1366, 2006.
    • (2006) Am J Physiol Renal Physiol , vol.290
    • Pannabecker, T.L.1    Dantzler, W.H.2
  • 53
    • 34548627230 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Three-dimensional architecture of collecting ducts, loops of Henle, and blood vessels in the renal papilla
    • Pannabecker TL, Dantzler WH. Three-dimensional architecture of collecting ducts, loops of Henle, and blood vessels in the renal papilla. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 293: F696-F704, 2007.
    • (2007) Am J Physiol Renal Physiol , vol.293
    • Pannabecker, T.L.1    Dantzler, W.H.2
  • 54
    • 57349191140 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of three-dimensioal architecture in the urine concentrating mechanism of the rat renal inner medulla
    • Pannabecker TL, Dantzler WH, Layton HE, Layton AT. Role of three-dimensioal architecture in the urine concentrating mechanism of the rat renal inner medulla. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 295: F1217-F1285, 2008.
    • (2008) Am J Physiol Renal Physiol , vol.295
    • Pannabecker, T.L.1    Dantzler, W.H.2    Layton, H.E.3    Layton, A.T.4
  • 55
    • 0016245796 scopus 로고
    • An in vivo study of the concentrating process in the descending limb of Henle's loop
    • Pennell JP, Lacy FB, Jamison RL. An in vivo study of the concentrating process in the descending limb of Henle's loop. Kidney Int 5: 337-347, 1974.
    • (1974) Kidney Int , vol.5 , pp. 337-347
    • Pennell, J.P.1    Lacy, F.B.2    Jamison, R.L.3
  • 56
    • 0016424198 scopus 로고
    • The effect of urea infusion on the urinary concentrating mechanism in protein-depleted rats
    • Pennell JP, Sanjana V, Frey NR, Jamison RL. The effect of urea infusion on the urinary concentrating mechanism in protein-depleted rats. J Clin Invest 55: 399-409, 1975.
    • (1975) J Clin Invest , vol.55 , pp. 399-409
    • Pennell, J.P.1    Sanjana, V.2    Frey, N.R.3    Jamison, R.L.4
  • 57
    • 0001976785 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Urine concentrating mechanism and its regulation
    • (3rd ed.), edited by Seldin DW and Giebisch G. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
    • Sands JM, Layton HE. Urine concentrating mechanism and its regulation. In: The Kidney: Physiology and Pathophysiology (3rd ed.), edited by Seldin DW and Giebisch G. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2000, p. 1175-1216.
    • (2000) The Kidney: Physiology and Pathophysiology , pp. 1175-1216
    • Sands, J.M.1    Layton, H.E.2
  • 58
    • 84882890312 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The urine concentrating mechanism and urea transporters
    • (4th ed.), edited by Alpern RJ and Hebert SC. New York: Elsevier
    • Sands JM, Layton HE. The urine concentrating mechanism and urea transporters. In: Seldin and Giebisch's The Kidney: Physiology and Pathophysiology (4th ed.), edited by Alpern RJ and Hebert SC. New York: Elsevier, 2007, p. 1143-1178.
    • (2007) Seldin and Giebisch's the Kidney: Physiology and Pathophysiology , pp. 1143-1178
    • Sands, J.M.1    Layton, H.E.2
  • 60
    • 0015385254 scopus 로고
    • Central core model of the renal counterflow system
    • Stephenson JL. Central core model of the renal counterflow system. Kidney Int 2: 85-94, 1972.
    • (1972) Kidney Int , vol.2 , pp. 85-94
    • Stephenson, J.L.1
  • 61
    • 0031731240 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cycles and separations in a model of the renal medulla
    • Thomas SR. Cycles and separations in a model of the renal medulla. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 275: F671-F690, 1998.
    • (1998) Am J Physiol Renal Physiol , vol.275
    • Thomas, S.R.1
  • 62
    • 34347157806 scopus 로고
    • Untersuchungen zum Problem der Harnkonzentrierung and Harnverdünnung Ueber der Verteilung von Electrolyten (Na, K, Ca, Mg, Cl, anorganischem Phosphat), Harnstoff, Aminosäuren and exorgenem Kreatinin in Rinde und Mark der Hundeniere bei verschiedenen Dieresezuständen
    • Ullrich KJ, Jarausch KH. Untersuchungen zum Problem der Harnkonzentrierung and Harnverdünnung Ueber der Verteilung von Electrolyten (Na, K, Ca, Mg, Cl, anorganischem Phosphat), Harnstoff, Aminosäuren and exorgenem Kreatinin in Rinde und Mark der Hundeniere bei verschiedenen Dieresezuständen. Pflügers Arch 262: 537-550, 1956.
    • (1956) Pflügers Arch , vol.262 , pp. 537-550
    • Ullrich, K.J.1    Jarausch, K.H.2
  • 64
    • 0017637993 scopus 로고
    • Structural and functional heterogeneity of mammalian nephrons
    • Valtin H. Structural and functional heterogeneity of mammalian nephrons. Am J Physiol Renal Fluid Electrolyte Physiol 233: F491-F501, 1977.
    • (1977) Am J Physiol Renal Fluid Electrolyte Physiol , vol.233
    • Valtin, H.1
  • 66
  • 69
    • 0020080225 scopus 로고
    • Urea reabsorption in the medullary collecting duct of protein-depleted young rats before and after urea infusion
    • Wilson DR, Sonnenberg H. Urea reabsorption in the medullary collecting duct of protein-depleted young rats before and after urea infusion. Pflügers Arch 393: 302-309, 1982.
    • (1982) Pflügers Arch , vol.393 , pp. 302-309
    • Wilson, D.R.1    Sonnenberg, H.2
  • 70
    • 77951302792 scopus 로고
    • Lokalisation des Konzentrierungsprozesses in der Niere durch direkte Kryoskopie
    • Wirz H, Hargitay B, Kuhn W. Lokalisation des Konzentrierungsprozesses in der Niere durch direkte Kryoskopie. Helv Physiol Pharmacol Acta 9: 196-207, 1951.
    • (1951) Helv Physiol Pharmacol Acta , vol.9 , pp. 196-207
    • Wirz, H.1    Hargitay, B.2    Kuhn, W.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.