The impact of gestational diabetes and maternal obesity on the mother and her offspring

Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease

Volumn 1, Issue 4, 2010, Pages 208-215

  Catalano, P M ^a  

^a CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

gestational diabetes; obesity; pregnancy

Indexed keywords

EID: 79551564597     PISSN: 20401744     EISSN: 20401752     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S2040174410000115     Document Type: Review

References (58)

1. World Health Organization. Obesity: preventing and management of a global epidemic. World Health Organization Technical Report Ser. 2000; 894, 1–4.
2. Alberti, KG, Zimmet, PZ. Definition, diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus and its complications. Part 1: diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus: provisional report of a WHO consultation. Diabetes Med. 1998; 15, 539–553.
3. World Health Organization. Definition, Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus and its Complications: report of a WHO Consultation. Part 1: Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus. World Health Organization: Geneva, Switzerland. 1999. Retrieved December 12, 2003, from http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/1999/WHO_NCD-NCS_99.2.pdf.
4. Einhorn, D, Reaven, GDM, Cobin, RH, et-al. American College of Endocrinology position statement on the insulin resistance syndrome. Endocr Pract. 2003; 9, 237–252.
5. Metzger, BE, Coustan, DR. Summary and recommendations of the fourth international workshop-conference on gestational diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care. 1998; 21(Suppl 2), B161–B167.
6. American Diabetes Association. Diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care. 2010; 33(Suppl 1), 562–569.
7. Catalano, PM, Huston, L, Amini, SB, Kalhan, SC. Longitudinal changes in glucose metabolism during pregnancy in obese women with normal glucose tolerance and gestational diabetes mellitus. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1999; 180, 903–916.
8. Buchanan, TA. Pancreatic β-cell defects in gestational diabetes: Implications for the pathogenesis and prevention of type 2 diabetes. JCEM. 2001; 86, 989–993.
9. Catalano, PM, Buchanan, T. Metabolic changes during normal and diabetic pregnancies. In Diabetes Mellitus in Women (eds. Reece EA, Coustan D, Gabbe S), 2004; pp. 129–147. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins: Philadelphia.
10. Catalano, PM, Tyzbir, ED, Roman, NM, Amini, SE, Sims, EAH. Longitudinal changes in insulin release and insulin resistance in non-obese pregnant women. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1991; 165, 1667–1672.
11. Freinkel, N. Banting Lecture, 1980 of pregnancy and progeny. Diabetes. 1980; 29, 1003–1035.
12. Kirwan, JP, Hauguel-de Mouzon, S, Lepercq, J, et-al. TNFα is a predictor of insulin resistance in human pregnancy. Diabetes. 2002; 51, 2207–2213.
13. Xiang, AH, Peters, RK, Trigo, E, et-al. Multiple metabolic defects during late pregnancy in women at high risk for type 2 diabetes. Diabetes. 1991; 48, 848–854.
14. Ryan, EA, O'Sullivan, MJ, Skyler, JS. Insulin action during pregnancy: studies with the euglycemic clamp technique. Diabetes. 1985; 34, 80–89.
15. Joffe, GM, Esterlitz, J, Levine, RJ, etal.; for the Calcium for Preeclampsia Prevention (CPEP) Study Group. The relationship between abnormal glucose tolerance and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy in healthy nulliparous women. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1998; 179, 1032–1037.
16. Hyperglycemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcome (HAPO) Study Cooperative Research Group. Hyperglycemia and adverse pregnancy outcomes. N Engl J Med. 2008; 358, 1991–2002.
17. Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Diabetes Fact Sheet, 2007.
18. American Diabetes Discussion: Clinical Practice Recommendations – 2007. Diagnosis and classification of diabetes. Diabetes Care. 1997; 30(Suppl 1), 542–547.
19. Kim, C, Newton, KM, Knopp, RH. Gestational diabetes and the incidence of type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2002; 25, 1862–1868.
20. Athukorala, C, Crowther, CA, Willson, K. Women with gestational diabetes mellitus in the ACHOIS Trial: Risk factors for shoulder dystocia. Aust NZ J Obstet Gynaecol. 2007; 47, 37–41.
21. Alam, M, Raza, SJ, Sherali, AR, Akhtor, AS. Neonatal complications in infants born to diabetic mothers. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak. 2006; 16, 212–215.
22. Cordero, L, Trener, SH, Landon, MB, et-al. Management of infants of diabetic mothers. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 1998; 152, 249–254.
23. Catalano, PM, Thomas, A, Huston-Presley, L, Amini, SB. Increased fetal adiposity: a very sensitive marker of abnormal in-utero development. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2003; 189, 1698–1704.
24. The HAPO Study Cooperative Research Group. Hyperglycemia and adverse pregnancy outcome (HAPO) study. Associations with neonatal anthropometrics. Diabetes. 2009; 58, 453–459.
25. Radaelli, T, Varastehpour, A, Catalano, PM, Hauguel-de Mouzon, S. Gestational diabetes induces placental genes for chronic stress and inflammatory pathways. Diabetes. 2003; 52, 2951–2958.
26. Pettitt, DJ, Knowler, WC, Baird, HR, Bennett, PH. Gestational diabetes: infant and maternal complications of pregnancy in relation to third-trimester glucose tolerance in the Pima Indians. Diabetes Care. 1980; 3, 458–460.
27. Pettitt, DJ, Aleck, KA, Baird, HR, et-al. Congenital susceptibility to NIDDM: role of the intrauterine environment. Diabetes. 1988; 37, 622–628.
28. Dabelea, D, Hanson, RL, Lindsay, RS, et-al. Intrauterine exposure to obesity conveys risks for type 2 diabetes and obesity: a study of discordant sib ships. Diabetes. 2000; 49, 2208–2211.
29. Dabelea, D, Pettitt, DJ. Intrauterine diabetic environment confers risks for type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity in the offspring, in addition to genetic susceptibility. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab. 2001; 14, 1085–1091.
30. Pettitt, DJ, Baird, HR, Aleck, KA, et-al. Excessive obesity in offspring of Pima Indian women with diabetes during pregnancy. N Engl J Med. 1983; 308, 242–245.
31. Pettitt, DJ, Knowler, WDC, Bennett, PH, et-al. Obesity in offspring of diabetic Pima Indian women despite normal birth weight. Diabetes Care. 1987; 10, 76–80.
32. Boney, CM, Verner, A, Tucker, R, Vohr, BR. Metabolic syndrome in childhood: association with birth weight, maternal obesity and gestational diabetes mellitus. Pediatrics. 2005; 115, E290–E296.
33. Hillier, TA, Pedula, KC, Schmidt, MM, et-al. Childhood obesity and metabolic imprinting. Diabetes Care. 2007; 30, 2287–2292.
34. Clausen, TD, Mathiesen, ER, Hansen, T, et-al. Overweight and the metabolic syndrome in adult offspring of women with diet-treated gestational diabetes mellitus or type 1 diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2009; 94, 2464–2470.
35. Crowther, CA, Hillier, JE, Moss, JR, et-al. Effect of treatment of gestational diabetes mellitus on pregnancy outcomes. N Engl J Med. 2005; 352, 2477–2486.
36. Landon, MB, for the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development MFMU Network. A prospective multicenter treatment trial of mild gestational diabetes (GDM). Society for maternal fetal medicine abstract 2. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2008(Suppl) 52.
37. Rasmussin, KM, Yaktine, AL (eds.). Weight Gain During Pregnancy: Reexamining the Guidelines. Institute of Medicine, 2009. National Academy Press: Washington, DC.
38. Sewell, MF, Huston-Presley, L, Amini, S, Catalano, PM. Body mass index, a true indicator of body fat in obese gravidas. J Reprod Med. 2007; 52, 907–911.
39. Kirwan, JP, Varastehpour, A, Jing, M, et-al. Reversal of insulin resistance postpartum is linked to enhanced skeletal muscle insulin signaling. J Clin Endocrinal Metab. 2004; 89, 4678–4684.
40. Friedman, JE, Kirwan, JP, Jing, M, Presley, L, Catalano, PM. Increased skeletal muscle tumor necrosis factor-alpha and impaired insulin signaling persist in obese women with gestational diabetes mellitus 1 year postpartum. Diabetes. 2008; 57, 606–613.
41. Lashen, H, Fear, K, Sturdee, DW. Obesity is associated with increased first trimester miscarriage: Matched case-control study. Human Reprod. 2004; 19, 1644–1646.
42. Strothard, KJ, Tennant, BWG, Bill, R, Ramin, J. Maternal overweight and obesity and the risk of congenital anomalies: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA. 2009; 301, 636–650.
43. Catalano, PM. Management of obesity in pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol. 2007; 109, 419–433.
44. Buhimschi, CS, Buhimschi, IA, Malinow, AM, Weiner, CP. Intrauterine pressure during the second stage of labor in obese women. Obstet Gynecol. 2004; 103, 225–230.
45. Surkan, PJ, Hsieh, CC, Johansson, AL, Diceman, PW, Cnattingius, S. Reasons for increasing trends in large for gestational age births. Obstet Gynecol. 2004; 104, 720–726.
46. Ananth, CV, Wen, SW. Trends in fetal growth among singleton gestations in the United States and Canada. Semin Perinatol. 2002; 26(4), 260–267.
47. Sewell, MF, Huston-Presley, L, Super, DM, Catalano, PM. Increased neonatal fat mass, not lean body mass, is associated with maternal obesity. AJOG. 2006; 195, 1100–1103.
48. Nohr, EA, Vaeth, M, Baker, JL, et-al. Combined associations of prepregnancy body mass index and gestational weight gain with the outcome of pregnancy. Am J Clin Nutr. 2008; 87, 1750–1759.
49. Chu, SY, Callaghan, WM, Bisch, CC, D’Angelo, D. Gestational weight gain by body mass index among US women delivering live births, 2004–2005: fueling future obesity. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2009; 200, 271–277.
50. Gottlieb, AG, Galan, HL. Shoulder dystocia: an update. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am. 2007; 34, 501–531.
51. Catalano, P, Presley, L, Minium, J, Hauguel-de Mouzon, S. Fetuses of obese mothers develop insulin resistance in utero. Diabetes Care. 2009; 32, 1076–1080.
52. Whitaker, RC. Predicting preschooler obesity at birth: the role of maternal obesity in early pregnancy. Pediatrics. 2004; 114, e29–e36.
53. Mingrone, G, Manco, M, Mora, MEU, et-al. Influence of maternal obesity on insulin sensitivity and secretion of the offspring. Diabetes Care. 2008; 31, 1872–1876.
54. Oken, E, Taveras, EM, Kleinman, KP, Rich-Edwards, JW, Gillman, MW. Gestational weight gain and child adiposity at age 3 years. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2007; 196, 322e1–322e8.
55. Catalano, PM, Farrell, K, Thomas, A, et-al. Perinatal risk factors for childhood obesity and metabolic dysregulation. Am J Clin Nutr. 2009; 90, 1303–1313.
56. Holemans, K, Caluwaerts, S, Poston, L, Van Assche, FA. Diet-induced obesity in the rat: a model for gestational diabetes mellitus. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2004; 190, 858–865.
57. Samuelsson, A-M, Matthews, PA, Argenton, M, et-al. Diet-induced obesity in female mice leads to offspring hyperphagia, adiposity, hypertension, and insulin resistance: a novel murine model of developmental programming. Hypertension. 2008; 51, 383–392.
58. Plagemann, A. Perinatal programming and functional teratogenesis: impact on body weight regulation and obesity. Physiol Behav. 2005; 86, 661–668.