Modification by lateral mixing of the Warm Deep Water entering the Weddell Sea in the Maud Rise region

Ocean Dynamics

Volumn 61, Issue 1, 2011, Pages 51-68

  Leach, Harry ^a   Strass, Volker ^b   Cisewski, Boris ^b,c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF LIVERPOOL   (United Kingdom)

^b ALFRED WEGENER INSTITUTE FOR POLAR AND MARINE RESEARCH   (Germany)

^c UNIVERSITY OF BREMEN   (Germany)

Author keywords

Lazarev Sea; Maud Rise; Mixing; Warm Deep Water; Weddell Gyre

Indexed keywords

ANTARCTIC CIRCUMPOLAR CURRENTS; DEEP WATER; DIFFUSIVITIES; EDDY DIFFUSIVITIES; LATERAL MIXING; LAZAREV SEA; MAUD RISE; MIXING PROCESS; MULTIPLE REGRESSION TECHNIQUES; NORTH ATLANTIC; POTENTIAL TEMPERATURE; RELATIVE IMPORTANCE; SCALE ANALYSIS; WARM DEEP WATER; WATER MASS; WEDDELL GYRE; WEDDELL SEA;

DIFFUSION;

MIXING;

CIRCUMPOLAR CURRENT; DEEP WATER; GYRE; ISOPYCNAL LAYER; MIXING; REGRESSION ANALYSIS; SALINITY; WATER MASS;

AFRICA; LAZAREV SEA; MAUD RISE; SOUTHERN OCEAN; WEDDELL SEA;

EID: 79551513907     PISSN: 16167341     EISSN: 16167228     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10236-010-0342-y     Document Type: Article

References (59)

1. Akimoto K (2006) Thermobaric deep convection, baroclinic instability, and their roles in vertical heat transport around Maud Rise in the Weddell Sea. J Geophys Res 111:C09027, 10 pp. doi: 10.1029/2005JC003284
2. NV Bagriantsev AL Gordon BA Huber 1989 Weddell Gyre: temperature maximum stratum J Geophys Res 94 8331 8334 10.1029/JC094iC06p08331
3. A Beckmann HH Hellmer R Timmermann 1999 A numerical model of the Weddell Sea: large-scale circulation and water mass distribution J Geophys Res 104 23375 23391 10.1029/1999JC900194
4. A Beckmann R Timmermann AF Pereira C Mohn 2001 The effect of flow at Maud Rise on the sea-ice cover-numerical experiments Ocean Dyn 52 11 25 10.1007/s10236-001-8173-5
5. M Bersch GA Becker H Frey KP Koltermann 1992 Topographic effects of the Maud Rise on the stratification and circulation of the Weddell Gyre Deep-Sea Res 39 303 331 10.1016/0198-0149(92)90111-6
6. W Brennecke 1921 Die ozeanographischen Arbeiten der Deutschen Antarktischen expedition 1911-1912 Aus Arch Dtsch Seewetterwarte 39 216
7. EC Carmack 1974 A quantitative characterisation of water masses in the Weddell Sea during summer Deep-Sea Res 21 431 443
8. B Cisewski VH Strass H Prandke 2005 Upper-ocean vertical mixing in the Antarctic polar front zone Deep Sea Res II 52 1087 1108 10.1016/j.dsr2.2005.01. 010 10.1016/j.dsr2.2005.01.010
9. B Cisewski VH Strass M Losch H Prandke 2008 Mixed layer analysis of a mesoscale eddy in the Antarctic Polar Front Zone J Geophys Res 113 C05017 10.1029/2007JC004372 10.1029/2007JC004372
10. JC Comiso AL Gordon 1987 Recurring polynyas over the Cosmonaut Sea and the Maud Rise J Geophys Res 92 2819 2833 10.1029/JC092iC03p02819
11. SA Cunningham TWN Haine 1995 Labrador Sea Water in the Eastern North Atlantic. Part II: mixing dynamics and the advective-diffusive balance J Phys Oceanogr 25 666 678 10.1175/1520-0485(1995)025<0666:LSWITE>2.0.CO;2
12. EA D'Asaro MD Morehead 1991 Internal waves and velocity fine structure in the Arctic Ocean J Geophys Res 96 12725 12738 10.1029/91JC01071
13. EA D'Asaro JH Morison 1992 Internal waves and mixing in the Arctic Ocean Deep-Sea Res 39 Suppl 2 S459 S484 10.1016/S0198-0149(06)80016-6
14. GER Deacon 1933 A general account of the hydrology of the South Atlantic Ocean Discov Rep VII 171 238
15. GER Deacon 1979 The Weddell Gyre Deep-Sea Res 26A 981 995 10.1016/0198-0149(79)90044-X
16. L de Steur DM Holland RD Muench MG McPhee 2007 The warm-water 'Halo' around Maud Rise: properties, dynamics and impact Deep Sea Res I 54 871 896 10.1016/j.dsr.2007.03.009 10.1016/j.dsr.2007.03.009
17. E Fahrbach G Rohardt M Schröder V Strass 1994 Transport and structure of the Weddell Gyre Ann Geophysicae 12 840 855 10.1007/s00585-994- 0840-7
18. E Fahrbach M Hoppema G Rohardt M Schröder A Wisotzki 2004 Decadal-scale variations of water mass properties in the deep Weddell Sea Ocean Dyn 54 77 91 10.1007/s10236-003-0082-3 10.1007/s10236-003-0082-3
19. E Fahrbach M Hoppema G Rohardt M Schröder A Wisotzki 2006 Causes of deep-water variation: comment on the paper by L.H. Smedsrud 'Warming of the deep water in the Weddell Sea along the Greenwich Meridian: 1977-2001' Deep Sea Res I 53 574 577 10.1016/j.dsr.2005.12.003 10.1016/j.dsr.2005.12.003
20. AE Gill 1973 Circulation and bottom water formation in the Weddell Sea Deep-Sea Res 20 111 140
21. AL Gordon 1978 Deep Antarctic convection west of Maud Rise J Phys Oceanogr 8 600 612 10.1175/1520-0485(1978)008<0600:DACWOM>2.0.CO;2
22. AL Gordon E Molinelli T Baker 1978 Large-scale relative dynamic topography of the Southern Ocean J Geophys Res 83 3023 3032 10.1029/ JC083iC06p03023
23. VV Gouretski AI Danilov 1993 Weddell Gyre: structure of the eastern boundary Deep Sea Res I 40 561 582 10.1016/0967-0637(93)90146-T
24. JSA Green 1970 Transfer properties of the large-scale eddies and the general circulation of the atmosphere Q J R Meteorol Soc 96 157 185 10.1002/qj.49709640802
25. A Hibbert H Leach V Strass B Cisewski 2009 Mixing in cyclonic eddies in the Antarctic circumpolar current J Mar Res 67 1 23 10.1357/002224009788597935 10.1357/002224009788597935
26. DM Holland 2001 Explaining the Weddell Polynya-a large ocean eddy shed at Maud Rise Science 292 1697 1700 10.1126/science.1059322
27. D Iudicone S Speich G Madec B Blanke 2008 The global conveyor belt from a Southern Ocean perspective J Phys Oceanogr 38 1401 1425 10.1175/2007JPO3525.1
28. PD Killworth 1997 On the parameterization of eddy transfer. Part I: theory J Mar Res 55 1171 1197 10.1357/0022240973224102
29. PD Killworth 1998 On the parameterization of eddy transfer. Part II: tests with a channel model J Mar Res 56 349 374 10.1357/002224098321822348
30. PD Killworth JM Smith 1984 A one-and-a-half dimensional model of the Arctic halocline Deep-Sea Res 31 271 293 10.1016/0198-0149(84)90105-5
31. O Klatt E Fahrbach M Hoppema G Rohardt 2005 The transport of the Weddell Gyre across the prime meridian Deep Sea Res II 52 513 528 10.1016/j.dsr2.2004. 12.015 10.1016/j.dsr2.2004.12.015
32. JR Ledwell AJ Watson CS Law 1998 Mixing of a tracer in the pycnocline J Geophys Res 103 21499 21529 10.1029/98JC01738
33. JR Ledwell ET Montgomery KL Polzin LC St Laurent RW Schmitt JM Toole 2000 Evidence for enhanced mixing over rough topography in the abyssal ocean Nature 403 179 182 10.1038/35003164
34. YD Lenn PJ Wiles S Torres-Valdes EP Abrahamsen TP Rippeth JH Simpson S Bacon SW Laxon I Polyakov V Ivanov S Kirillov 2009 Vertical mixing at intermediate depths in the Arctic boundary current Geophys Res Lett 36 L05601 10.1029/2008GL036792 10.1029/2008GL036792
35. RJ Lynn JL Reid 1968 Characteristics and circulation of deep and abyssal waters Deep-Sea Res 15 577 598
36. JC Marshall 1981 On the parameterization of geostrophic eddies in the ocean J Phys Oceanogr 11 257 271 10.1175/1520-0485(1981)011<0257:OTPOGE>2. 0.CO;2
37. MG McPhee SF Ackley P Guest BA Huber DG Martinson JH Morison RD Muench L Padman TP Stanton 1996 The Antarctic zone flux experiment Bull Am Meteorol Soc 77 1221 1232 10.1175/1520-0477(1996)077<1221:TAZFE>2.0.CO;2
38. MG McPhee 2000 Marginal thermobaric stability in the ice-covered upper ocean over Maud Rise J Phys Oceanogr 30 2710 2722 10.1175/1520-0485(2000) 030<2710:MTSITI>2.0.CO;2
39. MG McPhee C Kottmeier JH Morison 1999 Ocean heat flux in the Central Weddell Sea during winter J Phys Oceanogr 29 1166 1179 10.1175/1520-0485(1999) 029<1166:OHFITC>2.0.CO;2
40. JC McWilliams 1985 Submesoscale, coherent vortices in the ocean Rev Geophys 23 165 182 10.1029/RG023i002p00165
41. Mosby H (1934) The waters of the Atlantic Antarctic Ocean. Scientific results of the Norwegian Antarctic expeditions 1927-1928, instituted and financed by Consul Lars Christensen 1(11) Det Norske Videnskaps-Akademi i Oslo, p 131
42. RD Muench JH Morison L Padman D Martinson P Schlosser B Huber R Hohmann 2001 Maud Rise revisited J Geophys Res 106 2424 2440 10.1029/2000JC000531
43. Naveira Garabato AC, Oliver KIC, Watson AJ and Messias M-J (2004a) Turbulent diapycnal mixing in the Nordic Seas. J Geophys Res 109:C12010, 9 pp. doi: 10.1029/2004JC002411
44. AC Naveira Garabato KL Polzin BA King KJ Heywood M Visbeck 2004 Widespread intense turbulent mixing in the Southern Ocean Science 303 210 213 10.1126/science.1090929 10.1126/science.1090929
45. AC Naveira Garabato DP Stevens AJ Watson W Roether 2007 Short-circuiting of the overturning circulation in the Antarctic circumpolar current Nature 447 194 197 10.1038/nature05832 10.1038/nature05832
46. A Okubo 1971 Oceanic diffusion diagrams Deep-Sea Res 18 789 802
47. AH Orsi WD Nowlin Jr T Whitworth III 1993 On the circulation and stratification of the Weddell Gyre Deep Sea Res I 40 169 203 10.1016/0967-0637(93)90060-G
48. L Padman HA Fricker R Coleman S Howard L Erofeeva 2002 A new tide model for the Antarctic ice shelves and seas Ann Glaciol 34 247 254 10.3189/172756402781817752
49. KL Polzin JM Toole JR Ledwell RW Schmitt 1997 Spatial variability of turbulent mixing in the Abyssal Ocean Science 276 93 96 10.1126/science.276. 5309.93
50. L Rainville P Winsor 2008 Mixing across the Arctic Ocean: microstructure observations during the Beringia 2005 expedition Geophys Res Lett 35 L08606 10.1029/2008GL033532 10.1029/2008GL033532
51. M Schröder E Fahrbach 1999 On the structure and transport of the eastern Weddell Gyre Deep Sea Res II 46 501 527 10.1016/S0967-0645(98)00112-X
52. JM Seabrooke GL Hufford RB Elder 1971 Formation of Antarctic Bottom Water in the Weddell Sea J Geophys Res 76 2164 2178 10.1029/JC076i009p02164
53. LH Smedsrud 2005 Warming of the deep water in the Weddell Sea along the Greenwich Meridian: 1977-2001 Deep Sea Res I 52 241 258 10.1016/j.dsr.2004.10. 004 10.1016/j.dsr.2004.10.004
54. LH Smedsrud 2006 Causes of deep-water variations: reply to comment by E. Fahrbach, M. Hoppema, G. Rohardt, M. Schröder and A. Wisotzki Deep Sea Res I 53 578 580 10.1016.j.dsr.2005.12.010 10.1016/j.dsr.2005.12.010
55. KS Smith 2007 The geography of linear baroclinic instability in Earth's oceans J Mar Res 65 655 683 10.1357/002224007783649484
56. KS Smith JC Marshall 2009 Evidence for enhanced eddy mixing at middepth in the Southern Ocean J Phys Oceanogr 39 50 69 10.1175/2008JPO3880.1
57. Strass V (ed) (2007) The expedition ANTARKTIS-XXIII/2 of the research vessel "Polarstern" in 2005/2006. Berichte zur Polar-und Meeresforschung/Reports on Polar and Marine Research 568, p 138
58. M Visbeck J Marshall T Haine M Spall 1997 Specification of eddy transfer coefficients in coarse-resolution ocean circulation models J Phys Oceanogr 27 381 402 1520-1997) 027/1520-0485(1997)027<0381:SOETCI>2.0.CO;2 10.1175/1520-0485(1997)027<0381:SOETCI>2.0.CO;2
59. DWR Wallace RM Moore EP Jones 1987 Ventilation of the Arctic Ocean cold halocline: rates of diapycnal and isopycnal transport, oxygen utilisation, and primary production inferred using chlorofluoromethane distributions Deep-Sea Res 34 1957 1979 10.1016/0198-0149(87)90093-8