Analyzing Nutritional Impacts of Policies: An Empirical Study for Malawi

World Development

Volumn 39, Issue 3, 2011, Pages 412-428

  Ecker, Olivier ^a   Qaim, Matin ^b  

^a INTERNATIONAL FOOD POLICY RESEARCH INSTITUTE   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF GÖTTINGEN   (Germany)

Author keywords

Income and price elasticities; Micronutrient deficiency; Nutrient consumption; Quadratic almost ideal demand system; Sub Saharan Africa, Malawi

Indexed keywords

EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS; ESTIMATION METHOD; INCOME; NUTRITIONAL STATUS; PRICE DYNAMICS; SIMULATION; URBAN AREA; VITAMIN DEFICIENCY;

MALAWI;

ZEA MAYS;

EID: 79551490718     PISSN: 0305750X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2010.08.002     Document Type: Article

References (65)

1. Abdulai A., Aubert D. Nonparametric and parametric analysis of calorie consumption in Tanzania. Food Policy 2004, 29(2):113-129.
2. Abdulai A., Aubert D. A cross-section analysis of household demand for food and nutrients in Tanzania. Agricultural Economics 2004, 31(1):67-79.
3. Alfonzo L., Peterson H.H. Estimating food demand in Paraguay from household survey data. Agricultural Economics 2006, 34(3):243-257.
4. Anand S., Ravallion M. Human development in poor countries: On the role of private incomes and public services. Journal of Economic Perspective 1993, 7(1):133-150.
5. Asche F., Wessells C.R. On price indices in the almost ideal demand system. American Journal of Agricultural Economics 1997, 79(4):1182-1185.
6. Banks J., Blundell R., Lewbel A. Quadratic Engel curves and consumer demand. Review of Economics and Statistics 1997, 124(4):527-539.
7. Bates R.H. Markets and states in tropical Africa: The political basis of agricultural policies 1981, University of California Press, Berkley.
8. Behrman J.R., Deolalikar A.B. Will developing country nutrition improve with income? A case study for rural South India. Journal of Political Economy 1987, 95(3):492-507.
9. Behrman J.R., Wolfe B.L. More evidence on nutrition demand: Income seems overrated and women's schooling underemphasized. Journal of Development Economics 1984, 14(1):105-128.
10. Bliss C., Stern N. Productivity, wages and nutrition. Part I: The theory. Journal of Development Economics 1978, 5(4):331-362.
11. Bouis H.E. The effect of income on demand for food in poor countries: Are our food consumption databases giving us reliable estimates?. Journal of Development Economics 1994, 44(1):199-226.
12. Bouis H.E., Haddad L.J. Are estimates of calorie-income elasticities too high? A recalibration of the plausible range. Journal of Development Economics 1992, 39(2):333-364.
13. Bouis H., Haddad L., Kennedy E. Does it matter how we survey demand for food? Evidence from Kenya and the Philippines. Food Policy 1992, 17(5):349-360.
14. Brinkman H.-J., de Pee S., Sanogo I., Subran L., Bloem M.W. High food prices and the global financial crisis have reduced access to nutritious food and worsened nutritional status and health. Journal of Nutrition 2009, 140(1):153S-161S.
15. Deaton A. Quality, quantity, and spatial variation of price. American Economic Review 1988, 78(3):418-430.
16. Denning G., Kabambe P., Sanchez P., Malik A., Flor R., Harawa R., et al. Input subsidies to improve smallholder maize productivity in Malawi: Toward an African green revolution. PLoS Biology 2009, 7(1):e1000023. 10.1371/journal.pbio.1000023.
17. Edgerton D.L. Weak separability and the estimation of elasticities in multistage demand systems. American Journal of Agricultural Economics 1997, 79(1):62-79.
18. FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations) (2010). World food dietary assessment system, version 2.0. International network of food data systems of the food and agricultural organization of the United Nations. Accessed June 2010. http://www.fao.org/infoods/software_worldfood_en.stm.
19. FAO & WFP (World Food Programme) (2009). The state of food insecurity in the world: Economic crises - Impacts and lessons learned. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
20. FAO, WHO (World Health Organization), & UNU (United Nations University) (1985). Energy and protein requirements. Report of a joint FAO/WHO/UNU expert consultation. WHO technical report no. 724. Geneva: World Health Organization.
21. FAO, WHO, & UNU (2001). Human energy requirement. Report of a joint FAO/WHO/UNU expert consultation. FAO food and nutrition technical report no. 1. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
22. Gao X.M., Wailes E.J., Cramer G.L. A two-stage rural household demand analysis: Microdata evidence from Jiangsu province, China. American Journal of Agricultural Economics 1996, 78(3):604-613.
23. Gibson R.S. Principles of nutritional assessment 2005, Oxford University Press, New York. 2nd ed.
24. Haddad L., Kanbur R. How serious is the neglect of intra-household inequality?. Economic Journal 1990, 100(402):866-881.
25. Harrigan J. U-Turns and full circles: Two decades of agricultural reform in Malawi 1981-2000. World Development 2003, 31(5):847-863.
26. Harrigan J. Food insecurity, poverty and the Malawian starter pack: Fresh start or false start?. Food Policy 2008, 33(3):237-249.
27. Heckman J.J. Sample selection bias as a specification error. Econometrica 1979, 47(1):153-162.
28. Heien D., Wessells C.R. The demand for dairy products: Structure, prediction, and decomposition. American Journal of Agricultural Economics 1988, 70(2):219-228.
29. Heien D., Wessells C.R. Demand systems estimation with microdata: A censored regression approach. Journal of Business and Economic Statistics 1990, 8(3):365-371.
30. Horton S., Ross J. The economics of iron deficiency. Food Policy 2003, 28(1):51-75.
31. Huang K.S. Nutrient elasticities in a complete food demand system. American Journal of Agricultural Economics 1996, 78(1):21-29.
32. IZiNCG (International Zinc Nutrition Consultative Group) (2004). Assessment of the risk of zinc deficiency in populations and options for its control. Technical document no. 1. In C. Hotz, & K.H. Brown (Eds.), Food and Nutrition Bulletin, 25(1, s2), S91-S203.
33. Jiang B., Davis J. Household food demand in rural China. Applied Economics 2007, 39(3):373-380.
34. Kennedy E.T., Alderman H.H. Comparative analyses of nutritional effectiveness of food subsidies and other food-related interventions 1987, International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, DC.
35. Lancaster K.J. Consumer theory: A new approach 1971, Columbia University Press, New York.
36. Leibenstein H. The theory of underemployment in backward economies. Journal of Political Economy 1957, 65(2):91-103.
37. Leser C.E.V. Forms of Engel functions. Econometrica 1963, 31(4):694-703.
38. Lipton M. Why poor people stay poor: A study of urban bias in world development 1977, Temple Smith, London.
39. Mason J., Rivers J., Helwig C. Recent trends in malnutrition in developing regions: Vitamin A deficiency, anemia, iodine deficiency, and child underweight. Food and Nutrition Bulletin 2005, 26(1):57-162.
40. Micronutrient Initiative, Flour Fortification Initiative, USAID (United States Agency for International Development), GAIN (Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition), WHO, World Bank, & UNICEF (United Nations' Children's Fund) (2009). Investing in the future: A united call for action on vitamin and mineral deficiencies. Ottawa: Micronutrient Initiative.
41. NSO (National Statistical Office) (2005). Malawi second integrated household survey (IHS-2) 2004-2005: Basic information document. Zomba: National Statistical Office.
42. NSO & ORC Macro (2005). Malawi demographic and health survey 2004. Zomba, Calverton, Maryland: National Statistical Office, ORC Macro.
43. Pelletier D.L., Low J.W., Msukwa L.A.H. Malawi maternal and child nutrition study: Study design and anthropometric characteristics of children and adults. American Journal of Human Biology 1991, 3(4):347-361.
44. Pitt M.M. Food preferences and nutrition in rural Bangladesh. Review of Economics and Statistics 1983, 65(1):105-114.
45. Pollak R.A., Wales T.J. Demographic variables in demand analysis. Econometrica 1981, 49(6):1533-1551.
46. Qaim M., Stein A.J., Meenakshi J.V. Economics of biofortification. Agricultural Economics 2007, 37(s1):119-133.
47. Ramakrishnan U. Prevalence of micronutrient malnutrition worldwide. Nutrition Reviews 2002, 60(5):46-52.
48. Ruel, M. T., Minot, N., & Smith, L. (2005). Patterns and determinants of fruit and vegetable consumption in sub-Saharan Africa: A multicountry comparison. Background paper for the joint FAO/WHO workshop on fruit and vegetables for health, 1-3 September 2004, Kobe, Japan. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute.
49. Sadoulet E., de Janvry A. Quantitative development policy analysis 1995, Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, London.
50. Sahn D.E. The effect of price and income changes on food-energy intake in Sri Lanka. Economic Development and Cultural Change 1988, 36(2):315-340.
51. Sanghvi T., van Ameringen M., Baker M., Fiedler J. Vitamin and mineral deficiencies technical situation analysis: A report for the ten year strategy for the reduction of vitamin and mineral deficiencies. Food and Nutrition Bulletin 2007, 28(1s):S157-S219.
52. Shonkwiler J.S., Yen S.T. Two-step estimation of a censored system of equations. American Journal of Agricultural Economics 1999, 81(4):972-982.
53. Skoufias E., Di Maro V., Gonzalez-Cassio T., Rodriguez Ramirez S. Nutrient consumption and household income in rural Mexico. Agricultural Economics 2009, 40(6):657-675.
54. Smith, L., Alderman, H., & Aduayom, D. (2006). Food insecurity in sub-Saharan Africa: New estimates from household expenditure surveys. IFPRI research report no. 146. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute.
55. Strauss J. Joint determination of food consumption and production in rural Sierra Leone: Estimates of a household-firm model. Journal of Development Economics 1984, 44(1):77-103.
56. Strauss J., Thomas D. Health, nutrition, and economic development. Journal of Economic Literature 1998, 36(2):766-817.
57. Svedberg P. Poverty and undernutrition: Theory, measurement, and policy 2000, Oxford University Press, Oxford.
58. von Braun, J., de Haen, H., & Blanken, J. (1991). Commercialization of agriculture under population pressure: Effects on production, consumption, and nutrition in Rwanda. IFPRI research report no. 85. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute.
59. WHO & FAO (2003). Diet, nutrition and the prevention of chronic diseases. Report of a joint WHO/FAO expert consultation. WHO technical report no. 916. Geneva: World Health Organization.
60. WHO & FAO (2006). In L. Allen, B. de Benoist, O. Dary, & R. Hurrel, (Eds.), Guidelines on food fortification with micronutrients. Geneva, Rome: World Health Organization, Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations.
61. WHO, FAO Vitamin and mineral requirements 2004, World Health Organization, Geneva. 2nd ed.
62. Working H. Statistical laws of family expenditure. Journal of the American Statistical Association 1943, 38(221):43-56.
63. World Bank Repositioning nutrition as central to development: A strategy for large-scale action. Directions in development 2006, World Bank, Washington, DC.
64. World Bank Malawi poverty and vulnerability assessment: Investing in our future. Full report 2007, World Bank, Washington, DC.
65. Yen S.T., Kan K., Su S.-J. Household demand for fats and oils: Two-step estimation of a censored demand system. Applied Economics 2002, 34(14):1799-1806.