Chocolate consumption is inversely associated with calcified atherosclerotic plaque in the coronary arteries: The NHLBI Family Heart Study

Clinical Nutrition

Volumn 30, Issue 1, 2011, Pages 38-43

  Djoussé, Luc ^a,b   Hopkins, Paul N ^c   Arnett, Donna K ^d   Pankow, James S ^e   Borecki, Ingrid ^f   North, Kari E ^g   Curtis Ellison, R ^h  

^a BRIGHAM AND WOMEN S HOSPITAL   (United States)

^b VETERANS AFFAIRS MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF UTAH   (United States)

^d UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA AT BIRMINGHAM   (United States)

^e UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA   (United States)

^f WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^g IL   (United States)

^h BOSTON UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

Chocolate; Coronary calcium; Diet; Epidemiology; Subclinical disease

Indexed keywords

CHOLESTEROL; HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL;

ADULT; AGE; AGED; ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION; ARTICLE; CACAO; CALORIC INTAKE; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; CIGARETTE SMOKING; COMPUTER ASSISTED TOMOGRAPHY; CONTROLLED STUDY; CORONARY ARTERY ATHEROSCLEROSIS; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY; DIABETES MELLITUS; EDUCATIONAL STATUS; FEEDING BEHAVIOR; FEMALE; FOOD FREQUENCY QUESTIONNAIRE; FOOD INTAKE; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; RISK REDUCTION; SCORING SYSTEM; SEX DIFFERENCE; WAIST HIP RATIO;

ADULT; AGED; AGED, 80 AND OVER; CACAO; CALCINOSIS; CORONARY VESSELS; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDIES; DIET; FEMALE; HEART; HUMANS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS; NATIONAL HEART, LUNG, AND BLOOD INSTITUTE (U.S.); ODDS RATIO; PLAQUE, ATHEROSCLEROTIC; REGRESSION ANALYSIS; TOMOGRAPHY, X-RAY COMPUTED; UNITED STATES;

EID: 79451473124     PISSN: 02615614     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2010.06.011     Document Type: Article

References (32)

1. Sangiorgi G., Rumberger J.A., Severson A., Edwards W.D., Gregoire J., Fitzpatrick L.A., et al. Arterial calcification and not lumen stenosis is highly correlated with atherosclerotic plaque burden in humans: a histologic study of 723 coronary artery segments using nondecalcifying methodology. J Am Coll Cardiol 1998, 31:126-133.
2. Rumberger J.A., Simons D.B., Fitzpatrick L.A., Sheedy P.F., Schwartz R.S. Coronary artery calcium area by electron-beam computed tomography and coronary atherosclerotic plaque area. A histopathologic correlative study. Circulation 1995, 92:2157-2162.
3. Haberl R., Becker A., Leber A., Knez A., Becker C., Lang C., et al. Correlation of coronary calcification and angiographically documented stenoses in patients with suspected coronary artery disease: results of 1764 patients. J Am Coll Cardiol 2001, 37:451-457.
4. Greenland P., LaBree L., Azen S.P., Doherty T.M., Detrano R.C. Coronary artery calcium score combined with Framingham score for risk prediction in asymptomatic individuals. JAMA 2004, 291:210-215.
5. Park R., Detrano R., Xiang M., Fu P., Ibrahim Y., LaBree L., et al. Combined use of computed tomography coronary calcium scores and C-reactive protein levels in predicting cardiovascular events in nondiabetic individuals. Circulation 2002, 106:2073-2077.
6. Raggi P., Shaw L.J., Berman D.S., Callister T.Q. Gender-based differences in the prognostic value of coronary calcification. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2004, 13:273-283.
7. Shaw L.J., Raggi P., Schisterman E., Berman D.S., Callister T.Q. Prognostic value of cardiac risk factors and coronary artery calcium screening for all-cause mortality. Radiology 2003, 228:826-833.
8. Hertog M.G., Kromhout D., Aravanis C., Blackburn H., Buzina R., Fidanza F., et al. Flavonoid intake and long-term risk of coronary heart disease and cancer in the seven countries study. Arch Intern Med 1995, 155:381-386. [published erratum appears in Arch Intern Med 1995 Jun 12;155(11):1184].
9. Keli S.O., Hertog M.G., Feskens E.J., Kromhout D. Dietary flavonoids, antioxidant vitamins, and incidence of stroke: the Zutphen study. Arch Intern Med 1996, 156:637-642.
10. Taubert D., Berkels R., Roesen R., Klaus W. Chocolate and blood pressure in elderly individuals with isolated systolic hypertension. JAMA 2003, 290:1029-1030.
11. Rein D., Paglieroni T.G., Wun T., Pearson D.A., Schmitz H.H., Gosselin R., et al. Cocoa inhibits platelet activation and function. Am J Clin Nutr 2000, 72:30-35.
12. Grassi D., Desideri G., Croce G., Tiberti S., Aggio A., Ferri C. Flavonoids, vascular function and cardiovascular protection. Curr Pharm Des 2009, 15:1072-1084.
13. Grassi D., Lippi C., Necozione S., Desideri G., Ferri C. Short-term administration of dark chocolate is followed by a significant increase in insulin sensitivity and a decrease in blood pressure in healthy persons. Am J Clin Nutr 2005, 81:611-614.
14. Higgins M., Province M., Heiss G., Eckfeldt J., Ellison R.C., Folsom A.R., et al. NHLBI Family Heart Study: objectives and design. Am J Epidemiol 1996, 143:1219-1228.
15. Djousse L., Arnett D.K., Carr J.J., Eckfeldt J.H., Hopkins P.N., Province M.A., et al. Dietary linolenic acid is inversely associated with calcified atherosclerotic plaque in the coronary arteries: the NHLBI Family Heart Study. Circulation 2005, 111:2921-2926.
16. Hunt S.C., Williams R.R., Barlow G.K. A comparison of positive family history definitions for defining risk of future disease. J Chronic Dis 1986, 39:809-821.
17. Willett W.C., Sampson L., Stampfer M.J., Rosner B., Bain C., Witschi J., et al. Reproducibility and validity of a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. Am J Epidemiol 1985, 122:51-65.
18. Rimm E.B., Giovannucci E.L., Stampfer M.J., Colditz G.A., Litin L.B., Willett W.C. Reproducibility and validity of an expanded self-administered semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire among male health professionals. Am J Epidemiol 1992, 135:1114-1126.
19. Stein A.D., Shea S., Basch C.E., Contento I.R., Zybert P. Consistency of the Willett semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire and 24-hour dietary recalls in estimating nutrient intakes of preschool children. Am J Epidemiol 1992, 135:667-677.
20. Carr J.J., Nelson J.C., Wong N.D., McNitt-Gray M., Arad Y., Jacobs D.R., et al. Calcified coronary artery plaque measurement with cardiac CT in population-based studies: standardized protocol of Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) and Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study. Radiology 2005, 234:35-43.
21. Hoffmann U., Brady T.J., Muller J. Cardiology patient page. Use of new imaging techniques to screen for coronary artery disease. Circulation 2003, 108:e50-e53.
22. Friedewald W.T., Levy R.I., Fredrickson D.S. Estimation of the concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma, without use of the preparative ultracentrifuge. Clin Chem 1972, 18:499-502.
23. Steinberg F.M., Bearden M.M., Keen C.L. Cocoa and chocolate flavonoids: implications for cardiovascular health. J Am Diet Assoc 2003, 103:215-223.
24. Arts I.C., Jacobs D.R., Harnack L.J., Gross M., Folsom A.R. Dietary catechins in relation to coronary heart disease death among postmenopausal women. Epidemiology 2001, 12:668-675.
25. Grassi D., Desideri G., Necozione S., Lippi C., Casale R., Properzi G., et al. Blood pressure is reduced and insulin sensitivity increased in glucose-intolerant, hypertensive subjects after 15 days of consuming high-polyphenol dark chocolate. J Nutr 2008, 138:1671-1676.
26. Heiss C., Dejam A., Kleinbongard P., Schewe T., Sies H., Kelm M. Vascular effects of cocoa rich in flavan-3-ols. JAMA 2003, 290:1030-1031.
27. Engler M.B., Engler M.M., Chen C.Y., Malloy M.J., Browne A., Chiu E.Y., et al. Flavonoid-rich dark chocolate improves endothelial function and increases plasma epicatechin concentrations in healthy adults. J Am Coll Nutr 2004, 23:197-204.
28. Fisher N.D., Hughes M., Gerhard-Herman M., Hollenberg N.K. Flavanol-rich cocoa induces nitric-oxide-dependent vasodilation in healthy humans. J Hypertens 2003, 21:2281-2286.
29. Balzer J., Rassaf T., Heiss C., Kleinbongard P., Lauer T., Merx M., et al. Sustained benefits in vascular function through flavanol-containing cocoa in medicated diabetic patients a double-masked, randomized, controlled trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 2008, 51:2141-2149.
30. Buijsse B., Weikert C., Drogan D., Bergmann M., Boeing H. Chocolate consumption in relation to blood pressure and risk of cardiovascular disease in German adults. Eur Heart J 2010, [Epub ahead of print].
31. Wexler L., Brundage B., Crouse J., Detrano R., Fuster V., Maddahi J., et al. Coronary artery calcification: pathophysiology, epidemiology, imaging methods, and clinical implications. A statement for health professionals from the American Heart Association. Circulation 1996, 94:1175-1192. Writing Group.
32. Rallidis L.S., Paschos G., Liakos G.K., Velissaridou A.H., Anastasiadis G., Zampelas A. Dietary alpha-linolenic acid decreases C-reactive protein, serum amyloid A and interleukin-6 in dyslipidaemic patients. Atherosclerosis 2003, 167:237-242.