Conversion of almond shell to activated carbons: Methodical study of the chemical activation based on an experimental design and relationship with their characteristics

Biomass and Bioenergy

Volumn 35, Issue 3, 2011, Pages 1235-1244

  Izquierdo, M Teresa ^a   Martínez de Yuso, Alicia ^b   Rubio, Begoña ^a   Pino, M Rosa ^b  

^a INSTITUTO DE CARBOQUÍMICA   (Spain)

^b UNIVERSIDAD SAN JORGE   (Spain)

Author keywords

Activated carbon; Agricultural waste; Chemical activation; Functional groups; Porosity; Response surface

Indexed keywords

ACTIVATION TEMPERATURES; ACTIVATION TIME; ALMOND SHELLS; CONTINUOUS PARAMETERS; EXPERIMENTAL CONDITIONS; EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN; IMPREGNATION RATIOS; PREPARATION CONDITIONS; PRODUCTION PARAMETERS; RESPONSE SURFACE; RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY;

ACTIVATED CARBON; AGRICULTURAL WASTES; CARBONIZATION; DESIGN OF EXPERIMENTS; FUNCTIONAL GROUPS; IMPREGNATION; OPTIMIZATION; PHOSPHORIC ACID; STATISTICS; SURFACE PROPERTIES;

CHEMICAL ACTIVATION;

ACTIVATED CARBON; BIOMASS POWER; CROP RESIDUE; EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN; INORGANIC ACID; OPTIMIZATION; PHOSPHORUS; POROSITY; TRANSFORMATION;

PRUNUS DULCIS;

EID: 79451469488     PISSN: 09619534     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2010.12.016     Document Type: Article

References (45)

1. 2 and NO removal from exhaust gas. Fuel 2003, 82:147-151.
2. Jibril B.Y., Al-Maamari R.S., Hegde G., Al-Mandhary N., Houache O. Effects of feedstock pre-drying on carbonization of KOH-mixed bituminous coal in preparation of activated carbon. J Anal Appl Pyrol 2007, 80:277-282.
3. Liu L.S., Liu Z.Y., Huang Z.G., Liu Z.H., Liu P.G. Preparation of activated carbon honeycomb monolith directly from coal. Carbon 2006, 44:1598-1601.
4. Lozano-Castello D., Lillo-Rodenas M.A., Cazorla-Amorós D., Linares-Solano A. Preparation of activated carbons from Spanish anthracite: I. Activation by KOH. Carbon 2001, 39:741-749.
5. Carrott P.J.M., Carrott M.M.L.R., Mourao P.A.M., Lima R.P. Preparation of activated carbons from cork by physical activation in carbon dioxide. Adsorp Sci Technol 2003, 21:669-681.
6. Gómez-Serrano V., Cuerda-Correa E.M., Fernandez-Gonzalez M.C., Alexandre-Franco M.F., Macias-Garcia A. Preparation of activated carbons from chestnut wood by phosphoric acid-chemical activation. Study of microporosity and fractal dimension. Mater Letts 2005, 59:846-853.
7. 4. J Adv Mater 2007, 39:28-32.
8. Tancredi N., Cordero T., Rodríguez-Mirasol J., Rodríguez J.J. Activated carbons from Uruguayan eucalyptus wood. Fuel 1996, 75:1701-1706.
9. 2 activation. Micropor Mesopor Mater 2009, 122:189-194.
10. Basta A.H., Fierro V., Ei-Saied H., Celzard A. 2-Steps KOH activation of rice straw: an efficient method for preparing high-performance activated carbons. Biores Technol 2009, 100:3941-3947.
11. 4 and KOH impregnation. Micropor Mesopor Mater 1999, 32:111-117.
12. 2 and steam gasification of a grapefruit skin char. Fuel 2002, 81:423-429.
13. Petrov N., Budinova T., Razvigorova M., Parra J., Galiatsatou P. Conversion of olive wastes to volatiles and carbon adsorbents. Biomass and Bioenergy 2008, 32:1303-1310.
14. Suarez-Garcia F., Martínez-Alonso A., Tascon J.M.D. Porous texture of activated carbons prepared by phosphoric acid activation of apple pulp. Carbon 2001, 39:1103-1116.
15. Toles C.A., Marshall W.E., Wartelle L.H., McAloon A. Steam or carbon dioxide-activated carbons from almond shells: physical, chemical and adsorptive properties and estimated cost of production. Biores Technol 2000, 75:197-2003.
16. Arenillas A., Rubiera F., Parra J.B., Ania C.O., Pis J.J. Surface modification of low cost carbons for their application in the environmental protection. Appl Surf Sci 2005, 252:619-624.
17. Lu G.Q., Low J.C.F., Liu C.Y., Lua A.C. Surface area development of sewage sludge during pyrolysis. Fuel 1995, 74:344-348.
18. Bagreev A., Bandosz T.J., Locke D.C. Pore structure and surface chemistry of adsorbents obtained by pyrolysis of sewage sludge-derived fertilizer. Carbon 2001, 39:1971-1979.
19. Calvo L.F., Otero M., Moran A., Garcia A.I. Upgrading sewage sludges for adsorbent preparation by different treatments. Biores Technol 2001, 80:143-148.
20. Murillo R., Navarro M.V., García T., Lopez J.M., Callen M.S., Aylon E., et al. Production and application of activated carbons made from waste tire. Ind Eng Chem Res 2005, 44:7228-7233.
21. Torné-Fernández V., Mateo-Sanz J.M., Montan D., Fierro V. Statistical optimization of the synthesis of highly microporous carbons by chemical activation of Kraft Lignin with NaOH. J Chem Eng Data 2009, 54:2216-2221.
22. Ros A., Lillo-Rodenas M.A., Fuente E., Montes-Moran M.A., Martin M.J., Linares-Solano A. High surface area materials prepared from sewage sludge-based precursors. Chemosphere 2006, 65:132-140.
23. Rubio B., Izquierdo M.T., Mayoral M.C., Bona M.T., Martinez-Tarazona R.M. Preparation and characterization of carbon-enriched coal fly ash. J Environ Manag 2008, 88:1562-1570.
24. Derbyshire F., Jagtoyen M., Thwaites M. Activated carbons production and applications. Porosity in carbons 1995, Halsted Press, UK, [Chapter 9]. J.W. Patrick (Ed.).
25. Rodríguez-Reinoso F. Introduction to carbon technologies. In: Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Aplicante, Spain. 1997. [Chapter 2].
26. Marsh H., Rodriguez-Reinoso F. Activated carbon 2006, Elsevier, UK, [Chapter 8].
27. Bandosz T. Activated carbon surfaces in environmental remediation. Interface Science and Tecnology 2006, vol. 7. Elsevier, UK, [Chapters 6-11]. A. Hubbard (Ed.).
28. Bansal R.C., Donnet J.B., Stoeckli F. Active carbon 1988, Marcel Dekker, NY.
29. Dias J.M., Alvim-Ferraz M.C.M., Almeida M.F., Rivera-Utrilla J., Sanchez-Polo M. Waste materials for activated carbon preparation and its use in aqueous-phase treatment: a review. J Environ Manag 2007, 85:833-846.
30. Stavropoulos G.G., Zabaniotou A.A. Minimizing activated carbons production cost. Fuel Proc Technol 2009, 90:952-957.
31. Molina-Sabio M., Rodriguez-Reinoso F. Role of chemical activation in the development of carbon porosity. Colloids Suf 2004, 241:15-25.
32. Ioannidou O., Zabaniotou A. Agricultural residues as precursors for activated carbon production-a review. Renew Sustainable Energy Rew 2007, 11:1966-2005.
33. Benaddi H., Legras D., Rouzaud J.N., Beguin F. Influence of the atmosphere in the chemical activation of wood by phosphoric acid. Carbon 1998, 16:306-309.
34. Fierro V., Torne-Fernandez V., Celzard A. Title: methodical study of the chemical activation of Kraft lignin with KOH and NaOH. Microp Mesop Mater 2007, 101:419-431.
35. Blesa MJ. Briquetado de lignitos con aditivos. Seguimiento fisico-quimico del proceso. University of Zaragoza. Ph.D. thesis. 2002. p. 83-107.
36. Brunauer S., Emmet P.H., Teller E. Adsorption of gases in multimolecular mayers. J Am Chem Soc 1938, 60:309-319.
37. Barret E.P., Joyner L.G., Halenda P.P. The determination of pore volume and area distributions in porous substances. I. Computations from nitrogen isotherms. J Am Chem Soc 1951, 73:373-380.
38. Antal M.J. Biomass pyrolysis: a review of the literature. Part 1. Carbohydrate pyrolysis. Advances in solar energy 1983, 61-111. American Solar Energy Society, Boulder, CO. K.W. Boer, J.A. Duffie (Eds.).
39. 2. J Anal Appl Pyrol 1997, 43:59-69.
40. Fierro V., Torne-Fernandez V., Montané D., Celzard A. Study of the decomposition of kraft lignin impregnated with orthophosphoric acid. Thermochimica Acta 2005, 433:142-148.
41. Daifullah A.M.M., Girgis B.S. Impact of surface characteristics of activated carbon on adsorption of BTEX. Colloids and Surf A: Physicochem Eng Aspects 2003, 214:181-193.
42. Lai Y.Z. Wood and cellulosic Chemistry 1991, vol. 10:455-522. Marcel Dekker, NY. D.N.S. Ho, N. Shirashi (Eds.).
43. Dubinin M.M. Fundamentals of the theory of adsorption in micropores of carbon adsorbents - Characteristics of their adsorption properties and microporous structures. Carbon 1989, 27:457-467.
44. Lillo-Rodenas M.A., Cazorla-Amoros D., Linares-Solano A. Behaviour of activated carbons with different pore size distributions and surface oxygen groups for benzene and toluene adsorption at low concentrations. Carbon 2005, 43:1758-1767.
45. Bansode R.R., Losso J.N., Marshall W.E., Rao R.M., Portier R.J. Adsorption of volatile organic compounds by pecan shell- and almond shell-based granular activated carbons. Biores Technol 2003, 90:175-184.