The effect of crosslinker on mechanical and morphological properties of tropical wood material composites

Materials and Design

Volumn 32, Issue 4, 2011, Pages 2221-2227

  Islam, Md Saiful ^a   Hamdan, Sinin ^a   Rahman, Md Rezaur ^a   Jusoh, Ismail ^a   Ahmed, Abu Saleh ^a  

^a UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA SARAWAK   (Malaysia)

Author keywords

E. Mechanical; G. Scanning electron microscopy; G. X ray analysis

Indexed keywords

COMPOSITE MANUFACTURING; CROSSLINKED; CROSSLINKER; E. MECHANICAL; G. SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY; HEVEA BRASILIENSIS; HEXAMETHYLENE DIISOCYANATE; HIGH DENSITY; LOW LOADING; MECHANICAL STRENGTH; METHYL METHACRYLATES; MODULUS OF ELASTICITY; MODULUS OF RUPTURE; MONOMER MIXTURES; MORPHOLOGICAL PROPERTIES; POLYMER INTERACTIONS; SEM; TROPICAL WOOD; WOOD POLYMER COMPOSITES; XRD ANALYSIS;

ACRYLIC MONOMERS; COMPOSITE MATERIALS; CYCLOHEXANE; ESTERS; FOURIER TRANSFORMS; MECHANICAL PROPERTIES; MIXTURES; POLYMERS; RUBBER APPLICATIONS; SCANNING; SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY; TROPICS; X RAY ANALYSIS;

WOOD;

COMPOSITES; CYCLOHEXANE; ESTERS; MECHANICAL PROPERTIES; MIXTURES; MONOMERS; POLYMERS; SCANNING; SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY; TROPICS; WOOD; X RAY ANALYSIS;

EID: 79251649349     PISSN: 02641275     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2010.11.026     Document Type: Article

References (50)

1. Hill C.A.S. Modifying the properties of wood. Wood modification. Chemical, thermal and other processes 2006, 175-190. John Wiley & Sons Ltd. C.A.S. Hill (Ed.).
2. Kamdem D.P., Pizzi A., Jermannaud A. Durability of heat-treated wood. Holz als Roh-Werkstoff 2002, 60:1-6.
3. Feist W.C., Rowell R.M., Ellis W.D. Moisture sorption and accelerated weathering of acetylated and methacrylated aspen. Wood Fiber Sci 1991, 23:128-136.
4. Kyzioł L. Modified wood (lignomer) - a promising material for shipbuilding. Pol Marit Res 1999, 2:6-10.
5. Boding J., Goodman I.R. Prediction of elastic parameters for wood. Wood Sci 1973, 5(4):378-385.
6. Mathias L.L., Lee S., Wright J.R., Warren S.C. Improvement of wood properties by impregnation with multifunctional monomers. J Appl Polym Sci 1991, 42:55-67.
7. Ellis W.D., O' Dell J.L. Wood-polymer composites made with acrylic monomers, isocyanate, and maleic anhydride. J Appl Polym Sci 1999, 73:2493-2505.
8. Hamdan S., Sedik Y., Jusoh I., Hasan M., Talib Z.A. Dynamic Young's modulus and glass transition temperature of selected tropical wood species. Mater Sci Technol 2009, 25(6):805-808.
9. Hamdan S., Talib Z.A., Rahman M.R., Ahmed A.S., Islam M.S. Dynamic Young's modulus measurement of treated and post-treated tropical wood polymer composites (WPC). Bioresour Com 2010, 5(1):324-342.
10. Yap M.G.S., Chia LH L., Teoh S.H. Wood polymer composites from some tropical hardwood. J Wood Chem Technol 1990, 10(1):1-19.
11. Islam M.S., Hamdan S., Rahman M.R., Jusoh I., Ibrahim N.F. Dynamic Young's modulus and dimensional stability of Batai tropical wood impregnated with polyvinyl alcohol. J Sci Res 2010, 2(2):227-236.
12. Holyle RJ, Woeste FE. Wood technology in the design of structure, 5th ed. USA: Iowa State University Press; 1989.
13. Rowell RM. Chemical modification of wood. In: Rowell RM, editor. Handbook of wood chemistry and wood composite. Taylor and Francis, CRC; 2005. p. 381-420.
14. Elvy S.B., Dennis G.R., Loo-teck N.G. Effect of coupling agent on the physical properties of wood-polymer composites. J Mater Process Technol 1995, 48:365-372.
15. Frihart CR. Wood adhesion and adhesives. In: Rowell RM, editor. Handbook of wood chemistry and wood composite. Taylor and Francis, CRC Press; 2005. p. 215-78.
16. Frazier CE. Isocyante wood binders. In: Pizzi A, Mittal KL, editors. Hand books of adhesive technology, 2nd ed. New York: Marcel Dekker; 2003 (chapter 33).
17. Rowell RM, Ellis WD. Bonding of isocyanates to wood. In: Edwards KN, ed. American chemical society symposium series 172. Washington, DC; 1981. p. 263-84 (chapter 19).
18. Collier J.R., Fahrurrozi M., Collier B.J. Cellulosic reinforcement in reactive composite system. J Appl Polym Sci 1996, 61:1423-1430.
19. Quillin D.T., Caulfield D.F., Koutsky J.A. Crystallinity in the polypropylene/cellulose system. I. Nucleation and crystallinity morphology. J Appl Polym Sci 1993, 50:1187-1194.
20. Pandey K.K. Study of effect of photo-irradiation on surface chemistry of wood. Polym Degrad Stabil 2005, 90:9-20.
21. Rowell R.M. Chemical modification of wood: a short review. Wood Mater Sci Eng 2006, 1:29-33.
22. Pandey K.K., Jayashree, Nagaveni H.C. Study of dimensional stability, decay resistance, and light stability of phenylisothiocyanate modified rubberwood. Bioresour Com 2009, 4(1):257-267.
23. Birkinshaw C., Buggy M., Carew A. Thermo-mechanical behaviour of wood and wood products. J Mater Sci 1989, 24:359-362.
24. Matsunaga M., Sugiyama M., Minato K., Norimoto M. Physical and mechanical properties required for violin bow materials. Holzforschung 1996, 50(6):511-517.
25. Schneider M.H. Wood polymer composites. Wood Fiber Sci 1994, 26(1):142-151.
26. Bowyer JL, Shmulsky R, Haygreen JG. Composition and structure of wood cell: In forest product and wood science: an introduction. Blackwell Publishing Ltd.; 2007. p. 47-80.
27. Bowyer JL, Shmulsky R, Haygreen JG. Hardwood structure: In forest product and wood science an introduction. Blackwell Publishing Ltd; 2007. p. 81-164.
28. Kumer S. Chemical modification of wood. Wood Fiber Sci 1994, 26(2):270-280.
29. Galpperin A.S., Kuleshov G.G., Tarashkevich V.I., Smtov G.M. Manufacturing and properties of modified wood: a review of 25 years work. Holzforschung 1995, 49:45-50.
30. Hartley I.D., Schxeider M.H. Water vapour diffusion and absorption characteristics of sugar maple (Acer saccharum, Marsh.), wood polymer composites. Wood Sci Technol 1993, 27:421-427.
31. Rowell R.M. Chemical modification of wood. Forest Prod Abs 1983, 6(12):363-382.
32. Bowyer JL, Shmulsky R, Haygreen JG. Forest products and wood science - an introduction, 4th ed. Ames: Iowa State University Press, 2003.
33. ASTM D-143. Standard method of testing small clear specimens of timber. USA: American Society for Testing and Materials; 1996.
34. ASTM Standard D 570-99. Standard test methods for water absorption of plastices, annual book of ASTM Standard; 2002.
35. Ismail H., Edyhan M., Wirjosentono B. Bamboo fiber filled natural rubber composites; the effects of filler loading and bonding agent. Polym Test 2002, 21(2):139-144.
36. Owen N.L., Banks W.B., West H. FTIR studies of the " wood" -isocyanate reaction. J Mol Struct 1988, 175:389-394.
37. Zafeiropoulos N.E., Williams D.R., Baillie C.A., Matthews F.L. Engineering and characterisation of the interface in flax fibre/polypropylene. Compos Part A 2002, 33(8):1083-1093.
38. Sreekala M.S., Kumaran M.G., Thomas S. Stress relaxation behaviour in oil palm fibres. Mater Lett 2001, 50(4):263-273.
39. Rowell R.M., Simonson R., Hess S., Plackett D.V., Cronshaw D., Dunningham E. Acetyl distribution in acetylated whole wood and reactivity of isolated wood cell wall components to acetic anhydride. Wood Fiber Sci 1994, 26(1):11-18.
40. Elesini U.S., Cuden A.P., Richards A.F. Study of the green cotton fibres. Acta Chim Solv 2002, 49:815.
41. Shiraishi N., Matsunaga T., Yokota T., Hayashi Y. Preparation of higher aliphatic acid esters of wood in an N2O4-DMF cellulose solvent medium. J Appl Polym Sci 1979, 24:2347.
42. Khan M.A., Ali K.M.I., Wang W. Electrical properties and X-ray diffraction of wood and wood plastic composite (WPC). Radiat Phys Chem 1991, 38(3):303-306.
43. Rowell R.M., Moisuk R., Meyer J.A. Wood-polymer composites: cell wall grafting with alkylene oxides and lumen treatments with methyl methacrylate. Wood Sci 1982, 15:90-96.
44. Yildiz U.C., Yildiz S., Gezer E.D. Mechanical properties and decay resistance of wood polymer composites prepared from fast growing species in Turkey. Bioresource Technol 2005, 96:1003-1011.
45. Rashmi R., Devi A., Ali I., Maji T.K. Chemical modification of rubber wood with styrene in combination with a crosslinker: effect on dimensional stability and strength property. Bioresource Technol 2003, 88:185-188.
46. Deka M., Saikia C.N. Chemical modification of wood with thermosetting resin: effect on dimensional stability and strength property. Bioresource Technol 2000, 73:179-181.
47. Cai X., Riedl B., YZhang S., Wan H. Effect of nanofillers on water resistance and dimensional stability of solid wood modified by melamine urea-formaldehyde resin. Wood Fiber Sci 2007, 39(2):307-318.
48. Rozman H.D., Kumar R.N., Khalil H.P.S., Abusamah A., Abu R. Fibre activation with glycidyl methacrylate and subsequent copolymerization with diallyl phthalate. Eur Polym J 1997, 33(8):1213-1218.
49. Rozman H.D., Kumar R.N., Abusamah A., Saad M.J. Rubberwood-polymer composites based on glycidyl methacrylate and diallyl phthalate. Appl Polym Sci 1998, 67:1221-1226.
50. Williams F.C., Hale M.D. The resistance of wood chemically modified with isocyanates: the role of moisture content in decay suppression. Int Biodeter Biodegr 2003, 52:215-221.