Neuroimmune pharmacology of neurodegenerative and mental diseases

Journal of Neuroimmune Pharmacology

Volumn 6, Issue 1, 2011, Pages 28-40

  Shie, Feng Shiun ^a   Chen, Yun Hsiang ^a   Chen, Chia Hsiang ^a   Ho, Ing Kang ^a  

^a Institute of Population Health Sciences   (Taiwan)

Author keywords

Cytokine; Drugs of abuse; Glia; NeuroAIDS; Neurodegeneration; Psychiatric diseases

Indexed keywords

ALPHA INTERFERON; ANTIDEPRESSANT AGENT; ANTIINFECTIVE AGENT; CELECOXIB; CIGLITAZONE; CITALOPRAM; CLOMIPRAMINE; CLOZAPINE; CURCUMIN; CYCLOOXYGENASE 2 INHIBITOR; CYTOKINE; DONEPEZIL; DOXYCYCLINE; ETANERCEPT; FLUOXETINE; GALANTAMINE; IMIPRAMINE; INFLIXIMAB; INTERFERON; INTERLEUKIN 2; MEMANTINE; MINOCYCLINE; NONSTEROID ANTIINFLAMMATORY AGENT; PIOGLITAZONE; RISPERIDONE; RIVASTIGMINE; ROFECOXIB; ROSIGLITAZONE; TROGLITAZONE; UNINDEXED DRUG;

ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROME; ALZHEIMER DISEASE; BRAIN DYSFUNCTION; CELL INTERACTION; DEGENERATIVE DISEASE; DEPRESSION; DRUG ABUSE; DRUG MECHANISM; FLU LIKE SYNDROME; GLIA CELL; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; IMMUNE RESPONSE; IMMUNOMODULATION; MENTAL DISEASE; NEOPLASM; NERVE CELL; NEUROIMMUNOLOGY; NEUROPHARMACOLOGY; NEUROTRANSMISSION; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SCHIZOPHRENIA;

BRAIN; CYTOKINES; HUMANS; MENTAL DISORDERS; NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES; NEUROIMMUNOMODULATION;

EID: 79251626341     PISSN: 15571890     EISSN: 15571904     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s11481-010-9241-8     Document Type: Review

References (170)

1. J Aarum K Sandberg SL Haeberlein MA Persson 2003 Migration and differentiation of neural precursor cells can be directed by microglia Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 100 15983 15988 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXhtVCrug%3D%3D 14668448
2. AK Abbas KM Murphy A Sher 1996 Functional diversity of helper T lymphocytes Nature 383 787 793 1:CAS:528:DyaK28XmsF2qsLY%3D 8893001
3. S Akhondzadeh M Tabatabaee H Amini SA Ahmadi Abhari SH Abbasi B Behnam 2007 Celecoxib as adjunctive therapy in schizophrenia: a double-blind, randomized and placebo-controlled trial Schizophr Res 90 179 185 17208413 (Pubitemid 46177578)
4. S Akhondzadeh S Jafari F Raisi AA Nasehi A Ghoreishi B Salehi S Mohebbi-Rasa M Raznahan A Kamalipour 2009 Clinical trial of adjunctive celecoxib treatment in patients with major depression: a double blind and placebo controlled trial Depress Anxiety 26 607 611 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXpt1aqtb0%3D 19496103
5. K Akiyama 1999 Serum levels of soluble IL-2 receptor alpha, IL-6 and IL-1 receptor antagonist in schizophrenia before and during neuroleptic administration Schizophr Res 37 97 106 1:STN:280:DyaK1M3ktlKquw%3D%3D 10227112
6. MY Aksenov MV Aksenova A Nath PD Ray CF Mactutus RM Booze 2006 Cocaine-mediated enhancement of Tat toxicity in rat hippocampal cell cultures: the role of oxidative stress and D1 dopamine receptor Neurotoxicology 27 217 228 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28XhtlCksLk%3D 16386305
7. IC Anthony JE Bell 2008 The neuropathology of HIV/AIDS Int Rev Psychiatry 20 15 24 1:STN:280:DC%2BD1c%2Fot1CnsA%3D%3D 18240059
8. A Antinori G Arendt JT Becker BJ Brew DA Byrd M Cherner DB Clifford P Cinque LG Epstein K Goodkin M Gisslen I Grant RK Heaton J Joseph K Marder CM Marra JC McArthur M Nunn RW Price L Pulliam KR Robertson N Sacktor V Valcour VE Wojna 2007 Updated research nosology for HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders Neurology 69 1789 1799 1:STN:280:DC%2BD2snktFyqsQ%3D%3D 17914061
9. TM Aune KM McGrath T Sarr MP Bombara KA Kelley 1993 Expression of 5HT1a receptors on activated human T cells. Regulation of cyclic AMP levels and T cell proliferation by 5-hydroxytryptamine J Immunol 151 1175 1183 1:CAS:528:DyaK3sXlvFKgtbc%3D 8393041
10. N Bassil GT Grossberg 2009 Novel regimens and delivery systems in the pharmacological treatment of Alzheimer's disease CNS Drugs 23 293 307 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXmtlahsLw%3D 19374459
11. Ben Achour S, Pascual O (2010) Glia: the many ways to modulate synaptic plasticity. Neurochem Int (in press)
12. N Benbernou S Esnault HC Shin H Fekkar M Guenounou 1997 Differential regulation of IFN-gamma, IL-10 and inducible nitric oxide synthase in human T cells by cyclic AMP-dependent signal transduction pathway Immunology 91 361 368 1:CAS:528:DyaK2sXksFSrsb4%3D 9301524
13. JR Berger M Avison 2004 The blood brain barrier in HIV infection Front Biosci 9 2680 2685 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXls1entLc%3D 15358591
14. CC Berry JM de la Fuente M Mullin SW Chu AS Curtis 2007 Nuclear localization of HIV-1 tat functionalized gold nanoparticles IEEE Trans Nanobioscience 6 262 269 1:STN:280:DC%2BD1c%2FmsV2huw%3D%3D 18217618
15. SD Bilbo JM Schwarz 2009 Early-life programming of later-life brain and behavior: a critical role for the immune system Front Behav Neurosci 3 1 14
16. ML Block L Zecca JS Hong 2007 Microglia-mediated neurotoxicity: uncovering the molecular mechanisms Nat Rev Neurosci 8 57 69 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28XhtlemtL7M 17180163
17. E Bonfoco D Krainc M Ankarcrona P Nicotera SA Lipton 1995 Apoptosis and necrosis: two distinct events induced, respectively, by mild and intense insults with N-methyl-d-aspartate or nitric oxide/superoxide in cortical cell cultures Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 92 7162 7166 1:CAS:528:DyaK2MXntlKmsLY%3D 7638161
18. GA Cabral 2006 Drugs of abuse, immune modulation, and AIDS J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 1 280 295 18040805
19. GA Cabral A Staab 2005 Effects on the immune system Handb Exp Pharmacol 168 385 423 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXkvFeqsLg%3D 16596782
20. JR Calabrese RG Skwerer B Barna AD Gulledge R Valenzuela A Butkus S Subichin NE Krupp 1986 Depression, immunocompetence, and prostaglandins of the E series Psychiatry Res 17 41 47 1:STN:280:DyaL287itFeqtA%3D%3D 2935897
21. L Capuron A Ravaud R Dantzer 2001 Timing and specificity of the cognitive changes induced by interleukin-2 and interferon-alpha treatments in cancer patients Psychosom Med 63 376 386 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXkt1Crs7c%3D 11382265
22. L Capuron A Ravaud N Gualde E Bosmans R Dantzer M Maes PJ Neveu 2001 Association between immune activation and early depressive symptoms in cancer patients treated with interleukin-2-based therapy Psychoneuroendocrinology 26 797 808 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXntF2qt7g%3D 11585680
23. P Casassus N Caillat-Vigneron A Martin J Simon V Gallais P Beaudry V Eclache L Laroche P Lortholary M Raphael L Guillevin O Lortholary 2002 Treatment of adult systemic mastocytosis with interferon-alpha: results of a multicentre phase II trial on 20 patients Br J Haematol 119 1090 1097 1:CAS:528: DC%2BD3sXnt12lsQ%3D%3D 12472593
24. CL Cazzullo E Sacchetti A Galluzzo A Panariello A Adorni M Pegoraro S Bosis F Colombo D Trabattoni A Zagliani M Clerici 2002 Cytokine profiles in schizophrenic patients treated with risperidone: a 3-month follow-up study Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 26 33 39 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XlvVKjtw%3D%3D 11853116
25. + methamphetamine users Neurology 67 1486 1489 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28XhtVKrt7jM 17060582
26. E Collantes-Estevez C Fernandez-Perez 2003 Improved control of osteoarthritis pain and self-reported health status in non-responders to celecoxib switched to rofecoxib: results of PAVIA, an open-label post-marketing survey in Spain Curr Med Res Opin 19 402 410 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXnsVGitrc%3D 13678477
27. MA Cosenza ML Zhao Q Si SC Lee 2002 Human brain parenchymal microglia express CD14 and CD45 and are productively infected by HIV-1 in HIV-1 encephalitis Brain Pathol 12 442 455 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38Xot1Gns7g%3D 12408230
28. LA Cysique BJ Brew 2009 Neuropsychological functioning and antiretroviral treatment in HIV/AIDS: a review Neuropsychol Rev 19 169 185 19424802
29. NK Dhillon R Williams S Callen C Zien O Narayan S Buch 2008 Roles of MCP-1 in development of HIV-dementia Front Biosci 13 3913 3918 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXnsVKqtbc%3D 18508485
30. RM Donahoe SP O'Neil FA Marsteller FJ Novembre DC Anderson P Lankford-Turner HH McClure 2009 Probable deceleration of progression of Simian AIDS affected by opiate dependency: studies with a rhesus macaque/SIVsmm9 model J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 50 241 249 19194320
31. H Dou CB Grotepas JM McMillan CJ Destache M Chaubal J Werling J Kipp B Rabinow HE Gendelman 2009 Macrophage delivery of nanoformulated antiretroviral drug to the brain in a murine model of neuroAIDS J Immunol 183 661 669 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXnsVOqsbg%3D 19535632
32. L Drzyzga E Obuchowicz A Marcinowska ZS Herman 2006 Cytokines in schizophrenia and the effects of antipsychotic drugs Brain Behav Immun 20 532 545 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28XhtVyitrvO 16580814
33. R Dunfee ER Thomas PR Gorry J Wang P Ancuta D Gabuzda 2006 Mechanisms of HIV-1 neurotropism Curr HIV Res 4 267 278 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28XmvV2mtro%3D 16842080
34. VA Edgar L Sterin-Borda GA Cremaschi AM Genaro 1999 Role of protein kinase C and cAMP in fluoxetine effects on human T-cell proliferation Eur J Pharmacol 372 65 73 1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXjs1ehtbc%3D 10374716
35. A Eigler B Siegmund U Emmerich KH Baumann G Hartmann S Endres 1998 Anti-inflammatory activities of cAMP-elevating agents: enhancement of IL-10 synthesis and concurrent suppression of TNF production J Leukoc Biol 63 101 107 1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXktlyktg%3D%3D 9469479
36. M Eilers U Roy D Mondal 2008 MRP (ABCC) transporters-mediated efflux of anti-HIV drugs, saquinavir and zidovudine, from human endothelial cells Exp Biol Medicine (Maywood) 233 1149 1160 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXhtVyrs77M
37. A Familian P Eikelenboom R Veerhuis 2007 Minocycline does not affect amyloid beta phagocytosis by human microglial cells Neurosci Lett 416 87 91 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXjsVersrw%3D 17317005
38. R Fan F Xu ML Previti J Davis AM Grande JK Robinson WE Van Nostrand 2007 Minocycline reduces microglial activation and improves behavioral deficits in a transgenic model of cerebral microvascular amyloid J Neurosci 27 3057 3063 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXktlKns7Y%3D 17376966
39. SR Feldman AB Gottlieb M Bala Y Wu D Eisenberg C Guzzo S Li LT Dooley A Menter 2008 Infliximab improves health-related quality of life in the presence of comorbidities among patients with moderate-to-severe psoriasis Br J Dermatol 159 704 710 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXhtF2hsrvN 18627375
40. I Ferjan F Erjavec 1996 Changes in histamine and serotonin secretion from rat peritoneal mast cells caused by antidepressants Inflamm Res 45 141 144 1:CAS:528:DyaK28XitlWis74%3D 8689394 (Pubitemid 26097459)
41. L Fetler S Amigorena 2005 Neuroscience. Brain under surveillance: the microglia patrol Science 309 392 393 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXmt1Kmu7c%3D 16020721
42. NB Finter 1996 The naming of cats-and alpha-interferons Lancet 348 348 349 1:STN:280:DyaK28zit1ahsA%3D%3D 8709727
43. H Friedman C Newton TW Klein 2003 Microbial infections, immunomodulation, and drugs of abuse Clin Microbiol Rev 16 209 219 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXjsF2gtrY%3D 12692094
44. H Friedman S Pross TW Klein 2006 Addictive drugs and their relationship with infectious diseases FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 47 330 342 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28Xot1Cqs7s%3D 16872369
45. S Fukui R Schwarcz SI Rapoport Y Takada QR Smith 1991 Blood-brain barrier transport of kynurenines: implications for brain synthesis and metabolism J Neurochem 56 2007 2017 1:CAS:528:DyaK3MXktVGltLY%3D 1827495
46. HM Gao B Liu W Zhang JS Hong 2003 Critical role of microglial NADPH oxidase-derived free radicals in the in vitro MPTP model of Parkinson's disease FASEB J 17 1954 1956 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXot1KitL8%3D 12897068
47. F Gaughran 2002 Immunity and schizophrenia: autoimmunity, cytokines, and immune responses Int Rev Neurobiol 52 275 302 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXhtVyht78%3D 12498108
48. RK Giri V Rajagopal VK Kalra 2004 Curcumin, the active constituent of turmeric, inhibits amyloid peptide-induced cytochemokine gene expression and CCR5-mediated chemotaxis of THP-1 monocytes by modulating early growth response-1 transcription factor J Neurochem 91 1199 1210 1:CAS:528: DC%2BD2cXhtFSitr7E 15569263
49. CK Glass K Saijo B Winner MC Marchetto FH Gage 2010 Mechanisms underlying inflammation in neurodegeneration Cell 140 918 934 1:CAS:528: DC%2BC3cXlsVSgu7Y%3D 20303880
50. TE Golde 2006 Disease modifying therapy for AD? J Neurochem 99 689 707 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28Xht1eju7%2FL 17076654
51. I Grant 2008 Neurocognitive disturbances in HIV Int Rev Psychiatry 20 33 47 18240061
52. MM Halassa PG Haydon 2010 Integrated brain circuits: astrocytic networks modulate neuronal activity and behavior Annu Rev Physiol 72 335 355 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXktFKkt7Y%3D 20148679
53. MT Heneka M Sastre L Dumitrescu-Ozimek A Hanke I Dewachter C Kuiperi K O'Banion T Klockgether F Van Leuven GE Landreth 2005 Acute treatment with the PPARgamma agonist pioglitazone and ibuprofen reduces glial inflammation and Abeta1-42 levels in APPV717I transgenic mice Brain 128 1442 1453 15817521
54. L Hertz 2006 Glutamate, a neurotransmitter-and so much more. A synopsis of Wierzba III Neurochem Int 48 416 425 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28XjtFCrsLs%3D 16500003
55. T Hori T Nakashima S Take Y Kaizuka T Mori T Katafuchi 1991 Immune cytokines and regulation of body temperature, food intake and cellular immunity Brain Res Bull 27 309 313 1:CAS:528:DyaK38XjvFajsA%3D%3D 1959024
56. JT Huang JS Welch M Ricote CJ Binder TM Willson C Kelly JL Witztum CD Funk D Conrad CK Glass 1999 Interleukin-4-dependent production of PPAR-gamma ligands in macrophages by 12/15-lipoxygenase Nature 400 378 382 1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXkvFOmsr0%3D 10432118
57. BA int' Veld A Ruitenberg A Hofman LJ Launer CM van Duijn T Stijnen MM Breteler BH Stricker 2001 Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs and the risk of Alzheimer's disease N Engl J Med 345 1515 1521
58. M Islam RF Frye TJ Richards I Sbeitan SS Donnelly P Glue SS Agarwala JM Kirkwood 2002 Differential effect of IFNalpha-2b on the cytochrome P450 enzyme system: a potential basis of IFN toxicity and its modulation by other drugs Clin Cancer Res 8 2480 2487 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XmvVaiurY%3D 12171873
59. PT Jantzen KE Connor G DiCarlo GL Wenk JL Wallace AM Rojiani D Coppola D Morgan MN Gordon 2002 Microglial activation and beta-amyloid deposit reduction caused by a nitric oxide-releasing nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug in amyloid precursor protein plus presenilin-1 transgenic mice J Neurosci 22 2246 2254 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XisVGisbo%3D 11896164
60. J Jiang W Wang YJ Sun M Hu F Li DY Zhu 2007 Neuroprotective effect of curcumin on focal cerebral ischemic rats by preventing blood-brain barrier damage Eur J Pharmacol 561 54 62 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXjsVWgtb4%3D 17303117
61. G Kang PJ Kong YJ Yuh SY Lim SV Yim W Chun SS Kim 2004 Curcumin suppresses lipopolysaccharide-induced cyclooxygenase-2 expression by inhibiting activator protein 1 and nuclear factor kappab bindings in BV2 microglial cells J Pharmacol Sci 94 325 328 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXislCnu7o%3D 15037818
62. G Kenis M Maes 2002 Effects of antidepressants on the production of cytokines Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 5 401 412 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38Xpt12hs7o%3D 12466038
63. RA Khairova R Machado-Vieira J Du HK Manji 2009 A potential role for pro-inflammatory cytokines in regulating synaptic plasticity in major depressive disorder Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 12 561 578 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXkslKlsLY%3D 19224657
64. YK Kim L Kim MS Lee 2000 Relationships between interleukins, neurotransmitters and psychopathology in drug-free male schizophrenics Schizophr Res 44 165 175 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3cvotVGktw%3D%3D 10962218
65. DJ Kim W Kim SJ Yoon HJ Go BM Choi TY Jun YK Kim 2001 Effect of risperidone on serum cytokines Int J Neurosci 111 11 19 1:STN:280: DC%2BD387nvFyisw%3D%3D 11913333
66. SD Kim SI Yang HC Kim CY Shin KH Ko 2007 Inhibition of GSK-3beta mediates expression of MMP-9 through ERK1/2 activation and translocation of NF-kappaB in rat primary astrocyte Brain Res 1186 12 20 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXhsVSmu77F 17996850
67. J Kim HJ Lee KW Lee 2010 Naturally occurring phytochemicals for the prevention of Alzheimer's disease J Neurochem 112 1415 1430 1:CAS:528: DC%2BC3cXjsFaku74%3D 20050972
68. SD Kraft-Terry SJ Buch HS Fox HE Gendelman 2009 A coat of many colors: neuroimmune crosstalk in human immunodeficiency virus infection Neuron 64 133 145 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXhsFajsbbI 19840555
69. R Krishnan D Cella C Leonardi K Papp AB Gottlieb M Dunn CF Chiou V Patel A Jahreis 2007 Effects of etanercept therapy on fatigue and symptoms of depression in subjects treated for moderate to severe plaque psoriasis for up to 96 weeks Br J Dermatol 157 1275 1277 1:STN:280:DC%2BD2snotl2rsQ%3D%3D 17916204
70. Z Kronfol DG Remick 2000 Cytokines and the brain: implications for clinical psychiatry Am J Psychiatry 157 683 694 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3c3ks12itw%3D%3D 10784457
71. M Kubera G Kenis E Bosmans S Scharpe M Maes 2000 Effects of serotonin and serotonergic agonists and antagonists on the production of interferon-gamma and interleukin-10 Neuropsychopharmacology 23 89 98 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXktlKksb0%3D 10869889
72. T Kukar MP Murphy JL Eriksen SA Sagi S Weggen TE Smith T Ladd MA Khan R Kache J Beard M Dodson S Merit VV Ozols PZ Anastasiadis P Das A Fauq EH Koo TE Golde 2005 Diverse compounds mimic Alzheimer disease-causing mutations by augmenting Abeta42 production Nat Med 11 545 550 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXjvVOls78%3D 15834426
73. R Kumar S Orsoni L Norman AS Verma G Tirado LD Giavedoni S Staprans GM Miller SJ Buch A Kumar 2006 Chronic morphine exposure causes pronounced virus replication in cerebral compartment and accelerated onset of AIDS in SIV/SHIV-infected Indian rhesus macaques Virology 354 192 206 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28XhtVWqtLrE 16876224
74. SL Letendre SP Woods RJ Ellis JH Atkinson E Masliah G van den Brande J Durelle I Grant I Everall 2006 Lithium improves HIV-associated neurocognitive impairment AIDS 20 1885 1888 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28XptVOrtrg%3D 16954730
75. S Letendre J Marquie-Beck E Capparelli B Best D Clifford AC Collier BB Gelman JC McArthur JA McCutchan S Morgello D Simpson I Grant RJ Ellis 2008 Validation of the CNS penetration-effectiveness rank for quantifying antiretroviral penetration into the central nervous system Arch Neurol 65 65 70 18195140
76. CS Lim DQ Jin H Mok SJ Oh JU Lee JK Hwang I Ha JS Han 2005 Antioxidant and antiinflammatory activities of xanthorrhizol in hippocampal neurons and primary cultured microglia J Neurosci Res 82 831 838 1:CAS:528: DC%2BD2MXhtleksbbI 16273545
77. M Linnoila AR Whorton DR Rubinow RW Cowdry PT Ninan RN Waters 1983 CSF prostaglandin levels in depressed and schizophrenic patients Arch Gen Psychiatry 40 405 406 1:CAS:528:DyaL3sXitFelurw%3D 6838321
78. SA Lipton 2004 Paradigm shift in NMDA receptor antagonist drug development: molecular mechanism of uncompetitive inhibition by memantine in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and other neurologic disorders J Alzheimers Dis 6 Suppl S61 S74 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXisVOksL0%3D 15665416
79. JM Loftis P Hauser 2004 The phenomenology and treatment of interferon-induced depression J Affect Disord 82 175 190 1:CAS:528: DC%2BD2cXos1ens7g%3D 15488246
80. LF Lue R Rydel EF Brigham LB Yang H Hampel GM Murphy Jr L Brachova SD Yan DG Walker Y Shen J Rogers 2001 Inflammatory repertoire of Alzheimer's disease and nondemented elderly microglia in vitro Glia 35 72 79 1:STN:280: DC%2BD3Mzmt1aluw%3D%3D 11424194
81. R Luna-Medina M Cortes-Canteli M Alonso A Santos A Martínez A Perez-Castillo 2005 Regulation of inflammatory response in neural cells in vitro by thiadiazolidinones derivatives through peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma activation J Biol Chem 280 21453 21462 1:CAS:528: DC%2BD2MXks1eltrw%3D 15817469
82. M Maes 1995 Evidence for an immune response in major depression: a review and hypothesis Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 19 11 38 1:STN:280:DyaK2M3isVansg%3D%3D 7708925
83. M Maes HY Meltzer E Bosmans 1994 Immune-inflammatory markers in schizophrenia: comparison to normal controls and effects of clozapine Acta Psychiatr Scand 89 346 351 1:STN:280:DyaK2czks1aqug%3D%3D 8067274
84. M Maes E Bosmans G Kenis R De Jong RS Smith HY Meltzer 1997 In vivo immunomodulatory effects of clozapine in schizophrenia Schizophr Res 26 221 225 1:STN:280:DyaK2svmsVKnsg%3D%3D 9323354
85. M Maes L Bocchio Chiavetto S Bignotti GJ Battisa Tura R Pioli F Boin G Kenis E Bosmans R de Jongh CA Altamura 2002 Increased serum interleukin-8 and interleukin-10 in schizophrenic patients resistant to treatment with neuroleptics and the stimulatory effects of clozapine on serum leukemia inhibitory factor receptor Schizophr Res 54 281 291 11950553
86. P Malek-Ahmadi 2001 Mood disorders associated with interferon treatment: theoretical and practical considerations Ann Pharmacother 35 489 495 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXjtVOru7s%3D 11302414
87. A Martinez M Alonso A Castro C Pérez FJ Moreno 2002 First non-ATP competitive glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK-3beta) inhibitors: thiadiazolidinones (TDZD) as potential drugs for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease J Med Chem 45 1292 1299 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XhtFCgu70%3D 11881998
88. K Masek J Slansky P Petrovicky JW Hadden 2003 Neuroendocrine immune interactions in health and disease Int Immunopharmacol 3 1235 1246 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXlt1alu74%3D 12860179
89. JC McArthur 1987 Neurologic manifestations of AIDS Medicine (Baltimore) 66 407 437 1:STN:280:DyaL1c%2FmsFSgtA%3D%3D
90. JC McArthur DR Hoover H Bacellar EN Miller BA Cohen JT Becker NM Graham JH McArthur OA Selnes LP Jacobson, et al. 1993 Dementia in AIDS patients: incidence and risk factors. Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study Neurology 43 2245 2252 1:STN:280:DyaK2c%2FltVKisw%3D%3D 8232937
91. PL McGeer EG McGeer 1998 Glial cell reactions in neurodegenerative diseases: pathophysiology and therapeutic interventions Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord Suppl 2 S1 S6
92. PL McGeer EG McGeer 2007 NSAIDs and Alzheimer disease: epidemiological, animal model and clinical studies Neurobiol Aging 28 639 647 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXislSrt74%3D 16697488
93. PL McGeer M Schulzer EG McGeer 1996 Arthritis and anti-inflammatory agents as possible protective factors for Alzheimer's disease: a review of 17 epidemiologic studies Neurology 47 425 432 1:CAS:528:DyaK28Xls1Gltrw%3D 8757015
94. F Meisner C Scheller S Kneitz S Sopper E Neuen-Jacob P Riederer V ter Meulen E Koutsilieri 2008 Memantine upregulates BDNF and prevents dopamine deficits in SIV-infected macaques: a novel pharmacological action of memantine Neuropsychopharmacology 33 2228 2236 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXosVOhtrs%3D 17971830
95. AH Miller 2009 Norman Cousins Lecture. Mechanisms of cytokine-induced behavioral changes: psychoneuroimmunology at the translational interface Brain Behav Immun 23 149 158 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXhtFSnt70%3D 18793712
96. DS Miller B Bauer AM Hartz 2008 Modulation of P-glycoprotein at the blood-brain barrier: opportunities to improve central nervous system pharmacotherapy Pharmacol Rev 60 196 209 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXitlWlsrs%3D 18560012
97. BB Mittleman FX Castellanos LK Jacobsen JL Rapoport SE Swedo GM Shearer 1997 Cerebrospinal fluid cytokines in pediatric neuropsychiatric disease J Immunol 159 2994 2999 1:CAS:528:DyaK2sXlvFyns7c%3D 9300724
98. S Miyamoto GE Duncan CE Marx JA Lieberman 2005 Treatments for schizophrenia: a critical review of pharmacology and mechanisms of action of antipsychotic drugs Mol Psychiatry 10 79 104 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXhtFeisL3M 15289815
99. M Mogi JM Li K Tsukuda J Iwanami LJ Min A Sakata T Fujita M Iwai M Horiuchi 2008 Telmisartan prevented cognitive decline partly due to PPAR-gamma activation Biochem Biophys Res Commun 375 446 449 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXhtFaqs7fO 18715543
100. P Monteleone M Fabrazzo A Tortorella M Maj 1997 Plasma levels of interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha in chronic schizophrenia: effects of clozapine treatment Psychiatry Res 71 11 17 1:CAS:528:DyaK2sXltlWrt7o%3D 9247977
101. RJ Moots Z Al-Saffar D Hutchinson SP Golding SP Young PA Bacon PJ McLaughlin 1999 Old drug, new tricks: haloperidol inhibits secretion of proinflammatory cytokines Ann Rheum Dis 58 585 587 1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXmsVaitbc%3D 10460194
102. N Muller M Riedel R Gruber M Ackenheil MJ Schwarz 2000 The immune system and schizophrenia. An integrative view Ann NY Acad Sci 917 456 467 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXovFymsb0%3D 11268373
103. N Muller M Riedel C Scheppach B Brandstatter S Sokullu K Krampe M Ulmschneider RR Engel HJ Moller MJ Schwarz 2002 Beneficial antipsychotic effects of celecoxib add-on therapy compared to risperidone alone in schizophrenia Am J Psychiatry 159 1029 1034 12042193
104. N Muller M Strassnig MJ Schwarz M Ulmschneider M Riedel 2004 COX-2 inhibitors as adjunctive therapy in schizophrenia Expert Opin Investig Drugs 13 1033 1044 15268640
105. N Muller MJ Schwarz S Dehning A Douhe A Cerovecki B Goldstein-Muller I Spellmann G Hetzel K Maino N Kleindienst HJ Moller V Arolt M Riedel 2006 The cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor celecoxib has therapeutic effects in major depression: results of a double-blind, randomized, placebo controlled, add-on pilot study to reboxetine Mol Psychiatry 11 680 684 1:STN:280: DC%2BD28zosFGnsA%3D%3D 16491133
106. L Nagy P Tontonoz JG Alvarez H Chen RM Evans 1998 Oxidized LDL regulates macrophage gene expression through ligand activation of PPARgamma Cell 93 229 240 1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXivVygt74%3D 9568715
107. MP Nair ZM Saiyed N Nair NH Gandhi JW Rodriguez N Boukli E Provencio-Vasquez RM Malow MJ Miguez-Burbano 2009 Methamphetamine enhances HIV-1 infectivity in monocyte derived dendritic cells J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 4 129 139 18958626
108. A Nath NJ Haughey M Jones C Anderson JE Bell JD Geiger 2000 Synergistic neurotoxicity by human immunodeficiency virus proteins Tat and gp120: protection by memantine Ann Neurol 47 186 194 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXhtV2mtrg%3D 10665489
109. A Nath N Schiess A Venkatesan J Rumbaugh N Sacktor J McArthur 2008 Evolution of HIV dementia with HIV infection Int Rev Psychiatry 20 25 31 18240060
110. A Nimmerjahn F Kirchhoff F Helmchen 2005 Resting microglial cells are highly dynamic surveillants of brain parenchyma in vivo Science 308 1314 1318 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXks1Ciuro%3D 15831717 (Pubitemid 40746128)
111. JG Norris EN Benveniste 1993 Interleukin-6 production by astrocytes: induction by the neurotransmitter norepinephrine J Neuroimmunol 45 137 145 1:CAS:528:DyaK3sXmtFOqurw%3D 8392517
112. A Nowacek HE Gendelman 2009 NanoART, neuroAIDS and CNS drug delivery Nanomedicine (Lond) 4 557 574 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXotleitbY%3D
113. SM O'Brien LV Scott TG Dinan 2004 Cytokines: abnormalities in major depression and implications for pharmacological treatment Hum Psychopharmacol 19 397 403 15303243
114. SM O'Brien P Scully TG Dinan 2008 Increased tumor necrosis factor-alpha concentrations with interleukin-4 concentrations in exacerbations of schizophrenia Psychiatry Res 160 256 262 18722671
115. K Ohishi R Ueno S Nishino T Sakai O Hayaishi 1988 Increased level of salivary prostaglandins in patients with major depression Biol Psychiatry 23 326 334 1:CAS:528:DyaL1cXhtFShu7g%3D 3422573
116. MR Opp 2005 Cytokines and sleep Sleep Med Rev 9 355 364 16102986
117. CU Pae CH Yoon TS Kim JJ Kim SH Park CU Lee SJ Lee C Lee IH Paik 2006 Antipsychotic treatment may alter T-helper (TH) 2 arm cytokines Int Immunopharmacol 6 666 671 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28XhslyrsL0%3D 16504930
118. S Park TJ Geddes JA Javitch DM Kuhn 2003 Dopamine prevents nitration of tyrosine hydroxylase by peroxynitrite and nitrogen dioxide: is nitrotyrosine formation an early step in dopamine neuronal damage? J Biol Chem 278 28736 28742 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXlsl2nurc%3D 12771134
119. N Petrovsky 2001 Towards a unified model of neuroendocrine-immune interaction Immunol Cell Biol 79 350 357 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXmsVOns7w%3D 11488982
120. T Pollmacher D Hinze-Selch J Mullington 1996 Effects of clozapine on plasma cytokine and soluble cytokine receptor levels J Clin Psychopharmacol 16 403 409 1:CAS:528:DyaK2sXntVartrc%3D 8889915
121. T Pollmacher D Hinze-Selch T Fenzel T Kraus A Schuld J Mullington 1997 Plasma levels of cytokines and soluble cytokine receptors during treatment with haloperidol Am J Psychiatry 154 1763 1765 1:STN:280:DyaK1c%2FlvFSqtg%3D%3D 9396961
122. S Potvin E Stip AA Sepehry A Gendron R Bah E Kouassi 2008 Inflammatory cytokine alterations in schizophrenia: a systematic quantitative review Biol Psychiatry 63 801 808 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXktVKgurs%3D 18005941
123. I Rahman J Marwick P Kirkham 2004 Redox modulation of chromatin remodeling: impact on histone acetylation and deacetylation, NF-kappaB and pro-inflammatory gene expression Biochem Pharmacol 68 1255 1267 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXmslOnsLo%3D 15313424
124. SR Rainey-Smith DA Andersson RJ Williams M Rattray 2010 Tumour necrosis factor alpha induces rapid reduction in AMPA receptor-mediated calcium entry in motor neurones by increasing cell surface expression of the GluR2 subunit: relevance to neurodegeneration J Neurochem 113 692 703 1:CAS:528: DC%2BC3cXls1amtb0%3D 20132465
125. R Ramchand J Wei CN Ramchand GP Hemmings 1994 Increased serum IgE in schizophrenic patients who responded poorly to neuroleptic treatment Life Sci 54 1579 1584 1:CAS:528:DyaK2cXis1Orsr0%3D 7910931
126. RE Randall S Goodbourn 2008 Interferons and viruses: an interplay between induction, signalling, antiviral responses and virus countermeasures J Gen Virol 89 1 47 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXns1Wiug%3D%3D 18089727
127. M Riedel I Spellmann MJ Schwarz M Strassnig C Sikorski HJ Moller N Muller 2007 Decreased T cellular immune response in schizophrenic patients J Psychiatr Res 41 3 7 16434055
128. JD Rippeth RK Heaton CL Carey TD Marcotte DJ Moore R Gonzalez T Wolfson I Grant 2004 Methamphetamine dependence increases risk of neuropsychological impairment in HIV infected persons J Int Neuropsychol Soc 10 1 14 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXmvVGltQ%3D%3D 14751002
129. M Rothermundt V Arolt TA Bayer 2001 Review of immunological and immunopathological findings in schizophrenia Brain Behav Immun 15 319 339 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38Xit1ymsA%3D%3D 11782102
130. S Roy J Wang J Kelschenbach L Koodie J Martin 2006 Modulation of immune function by morphine: implications for susceptibility to infection J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 1 77 89 18040793
131. S Sacre M Medghalchi B Gregory F Brennan R Williams 2010 Fluoxetine and citalopram exhibit potent antiinflammatory activity in human and murine models of rheumatoid arthritis and inhibit Toll-like receptors Arthritis Rheum 62 683 693 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXhtFaltLrM 20131240
132. CB Saper CD Breder 1994 The neurologic basis of fever N Engl J Med 330 1880 1886 1:STN:280:DyaK2c3lsV2ktg%3D%3D 7832832
133. M Sawada A Suzumura T Marunouchi 1995 Cytokine network in the central nervous system and its roles in growth and differentiation of glial and neuronal cells Int J Dev Neurosci 13 253 264 1:CAS:528:DyaK2MXnt1eqtb4%3D 7572279
134. JU Scher MH Pillinger 2009 The anti-inflammatory effects of prostaglandins J Investig Med 57 703 708 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXhtVOmsbnP 19240648
135. G Schifitto DR Peterson J Zhong H Ni K Cruttenden M Gaugh HE Gendelman M Boska H Gelbard 2006 Valproic acid adjunctive therapy for HIV-associated cognitive impairment: a first report Neurology 66 919 921 1:CAS:528: DC%2BD28XitFOiurk%3D 16510768
136. G Schifitto BA Navia CT Yiannoutsos CM Marra L Chang T Ernst JG Jarvik EN Miller EJ Singer RJ Ellis DL Kolson D Simpson A Nath J Berger SL Shriver LL Millar D Colquhoun R Lenkinski RG Gonzalez SA Lipton 2007 Memantine and HIV-associated cognitive impairment: a neuropsychological and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study AIDS 21 1877 1886 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXpsFahsL4%3D 17721095
137. A Schousboe 2003 Role of astrocytes in the maintenance and modulation of glutamatergic and GABAergic neurotransmission Neurochem Res 28 347 352 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXhtVemsLY%3D 12608708
138. A Schousboe A Sarup LK Bak HS Waagepetersen OM Larsson 2004 Role of astrocytic transport processes in glutamatergic and GABAergic neurotransmission Neurochem Int 45 521 527 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXks12quro%3D 15186918
139. A Schuld T Kraus M Haack D Hinze-Selch M Kuhn T Pollmacher 2000 Plasma levels of cytokines and soluble cytokine receptors during treatment with olanzapine Schizophr Res 43 164 166 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3cvjt1yhsA%3D%3D 11001592
140. R Schwarcz WO Whetsell Jr RM Mangano 1983 Quinolinic acid: an endogenous metabolite that produces axon-sparing lesions in rat brain Science 219 316 318 1:CAS:528:DyaL3sXmvF2gsQ%3D%3D 6849138
141. DJ Selkoe 2001 Alzheimer's disease: genes, proteins, and therapy Physiol Rev 81 741 766 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXislCrsLc%3D 11274343
142. Y Shen TJ Connor Y Nolan JP Kelly BE Leonard 1999 Differential effect of chronic antidepressant treatments on lipopolysaccharide-induced depressive-like behavioural symptoms in the rat Life Sci 65 1773 1786 1:CAS:528: DyaK1MXmtlajurk%3D 10576557
143. FS Shie RL Woltjer 2007 Manipulation of microglial activation as a therapeutic strategy in Alzheimer's disease Curr Med Chem 14 2865 2871 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXhtlSrsr8%3D 18045132
144. S Sleijfer M Bannink AR Van Gool WH Kruit G Stoter 2005 Side effects of interferon-alpha therapy Pharm World Sci 27 423 431 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXhtlSjurzM 16341948
145. C Song A Lin S Bonaccorso C Heide R Verkerk G Kenis E Bosmans S Scharpe A Whelan P Cosyns R de Jongh M Maes 1998 The inflammatory response system and the availability of plasma tryptophan in patients with primary sleep disorders and major depression J Affect Disord 49 211 219 1:STN:280:DyaK1c3ptF2jsQ%3D%3D 9629951
146. +-independent transporter of neutral amino acids in astrocytes J Neurosci 9 2066 2072 1:CAS:528:DyaL1MXksFClsLc%3D 2723766
147. M Stolina S Sharma Y Lin M Dohadwala B Gardner J Luo L Zhu M Kronenberg PW Miller J Portanova JC Lee SM Dubinett 2000 Specific inhibition of cyclooxygenase 2 restores antitumor reactivity by altering the balance of IL-10 and IL-12 synthesis J Immunol 164 361 370 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXisFSr 10605031
148. LA Struzyńska 2009 Glutamatergic component of lead toxicity in adult brain: the role of astrocytic glutamate transporters Neurochem Int 55 151 156 19428820
149. G Szabo 1997 Alcohol's contribution to compromised immunity Alcohol Health Res World 21 30 41 1:STN:280:DC%2BD2M%2FnslOkuw%3D%3D 15706761
150. J Szelenyi 2001 Cytokines and the central nervous system Brain Res Bull 54 329 338 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXisF2qt7k%3D 11306183
151. M Taler I Gil-Ad L Lomnitski I Korov E Baharav M Bar A Zolokov A Weizman 2007 Immunomodulatory effect of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) on human T lymphocyte function and gene expression Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 17 774 780 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXhtF2qt7bL 17499975
152. M Taler M Bar I Korob L Lomnitski E Baharav N Grunbaum-Novak A Weizman I Gil-Ad 2008 Evidence for an inhibitory immunomodulatory effect of selected antidepressants on rat splenocytes: possible relevance to depression and hyperactive-immune disorders Int Immunopharmacol 8 526 533 1:CAS:528: DC%2BD1cXivFyksLk%3D 18328443
153. DL Taylor F Jones ES Kubota JM Pocock 2005 Stimulation of microglial metabotropic glutamate receptor mGlu2 triggers tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced neurotoxicity in concert with microglial-derived Fas ligand J Neurosci 25 2952 2964 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXis1ylu70%3D 15772355
154. PV Thadani C Sharp 1994 Drugs of abuse and dysfunction of neuroendocrine and immune systems: the importance of animal research J Addict Dis 13 1 8 1:STN:280:DyaK2c3msVSlsw%3D%3D 8204671
155. AV Turnbull C Rivier 1995 Regulation of the HPA axis by cytokines Brain Behav Immun 9 253 275 1:CAS:528:DyaK28Xps1yrsQ%3D%3D 8903845
156. S Tyring A Gottlieb K Papp K Gordon C Leonardi A Wang D Lalla M Woolley A Jahreis R Zitnik D Cella R Krishnan 2006 Etanercept and clinical outcomes, fatigue, and depression in psoriasis: double-blind placebo-controlled randomised phase III trial Lancet 367 29 35 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28XhsFamuw%3D%3D 16399150
157. AV Tzingounis JI Wadiche 2007 Glutamate transporters: confining runaway excitation by shaping synaptic transmission Nat Rev Neurosci 8 935 947 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXhtlalt7vO 17987031
158. A Urbina K Jones 2004 Crystal methamphetamine, its analogues, and HIV infection: medical and psychiatric aspects of a new epidemic Clin Infect Dis 38 890 894 14999636
159. L Varatharajan SA Thomas 2009 The transport of anti-HIV drugs across blood-CNS interfaces: summary of current knowledge and recommendations for further research Antiviral Res 82 A99 A109 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXlt1Oqt70%3D 19176219
160. L Vitkovic J Bockaert C Jacque 2000 "Inflammatory"cytokines: neuromodulators in normal brain? J Neurochem 74 457 471 1:CAS:528: DC%2BD3cXntFOrsA%3D%3D 10646496
161. MC Wichers M Maes 2004 The role of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) in the pathophysiology of interferon-alpha-induced depression J Psychiatry Neurosci 29 11 17 14719046
162. DR Wilson L Warise 2008 Cytokines and their role in depression Perspect Psychiatr Care 44 285 289 18826467
163. M Wojtera B Sikorska T Sobow PP Liberski 2005 Microglial cells in neurodegenerative disorders Folia Neuropathol 43 311 321 1:CAS:528: DC%2BD28XhsFGjtrs%3D 16416395
164. Z Xia JW DePierre L Nassberger 1996 Tricyclic antidepressants inhibit IL-6, IL-1 beta and TNF-alpha release in human blood monocytes and IL-2 and interferon-gamma in T cells Immunopharmacology 34 27 37 1:CAS:528: DyaK28XkslGhtb4%3D 8880223
165. A Yadav RG Collman 2009 CNS inflammation and macrophage/microglial biology associated with HIV-1 infection J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 4 430 447 19768553
166. F Yang GP Lim AN Begum OJ Ubeda MR Simmons SS Ambegaokar PP Chen R Kayed CG Glabe SA Frautschy GM Cole 2005 Curcumin inhibits formation of amyloid beta oligomers and fibrils, binds plaques, and reduces amyloid in vivo J Biol Chem 280 5892 5901 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXhtlClt7w%3D 15590663
167. L Zhang D Looney D Taub SL Chang D Way MH Witte MC Graves M Fiala 1998 Cocaine opens the blood-brain barrier to HIV-1 invasion J Neurovirol 4 619 626 1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXht1Cgt7o%3D 10065903
168. XY Zhang DF Zhou LY Cao PY Zhang GY Wu YC Shen 2004 Changes in serum interleukin-2, -6, and -8 levels before and during treatment with risperidone and haloperidol: relationship to outcome in schizophrenia J Clin Psychiatry 65 940 947 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXns1Ggt7g%3D 15291683
169. J Zheng HE Gendelman 1997 The HIV-1 associated dementia complex: a metabolic encephalopathy fueled by viral replication in mononuclear phagocytes Curr Opin Neurol 10 319 325 1:STN:280:DyaK2svhtFWlsQ%3D%3D 9266156
170. MC Zink J Uhrlaub J DeWitt T Voelker B Bullock J Mankowski P Tarwater J Clements S Barber 2005 Neuroprotective and anti-human immunodeficiency virus activity of minocycline JAMA 293 2003 2011 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXjsleit7o%3D 15855434