The scale of imprisonment in the United States: Twentieth century patterns and twenty-first century prospects

Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology

Volumn 100, Issue 3, 2010, Pages 1225-1246

  Zimring, Franklin E ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 79251612904     PISSN: 00914169     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (28)

1. The Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology search was conducted by Journal staff while the Harvard search was conducted on January 22, 2010, by Ellen Gilmore, a reference librarian at the University of California, Berkeley Law Library.
2. FRANKLIN E. ZIMRING & GORDON HAWKINS, THE SCALE OF IMPRISONMENT xi (1991).
3. Edwin H. Sutherland, The Decreasing Prison Population of England, 24 J. CRIM. L. & Criminology 880 (1934).
4. Alfred Blumstein & Jacqueline Cohen, A Theory of the Stability of Punishment, 64 J. CRIM. L. & CRIMINOLOGY 198 (1973).
5. Id. at 201.
6. Alfred Blumstein, Jacqueline Cohen & Daniel Nagin, The Dynamics of a Homeostatic Punishment Process, 67 J. CRIM. L. & CRIMINOLOGY 317 (1977)
7. Alfred Blumstein & Soumyo Moitra, An Analysis of the Time Series of the Imprisonment Rate in the States of the United States: A Further Test of the Stability of Punishment Hypothesis, 70 J. CRIM. L. & CRIMINOLOGY 376 (1979).
8. ZIMRING & HAWKINS, supra note 2, at 150 tbl.6.6
9. FRANKLING E. ZIMRING & GORDON HAWKINS, CRIME IS NOT THE PROBLEM 31 tbl.2.2 (1997).
10. ZIMRING & HAWKINS, supra note 2, at 152.
11. RESEARCH ON SENTENCING: THE SEARCH FOR REFORM 206 (Alfred Blumstein et al. eds., 1983).
12. FRANKLIN E. ZIMRING, THE GREAT AMERICAN CRIME DECLINE 3-24 (2007).
13. ZIMRING & HAWKINS, supra note 2, at 137.
14. Id. at 137-38.z
15. J.P. Royston, A Simple Method for Evaluating the Shapiro-Francia W' Test of Non-Normality, 32 STATISTICIAN 297 (1983)
16. Patrick Royston, Estimating Departure from Normality, 10 STAT. MED. 1283 (1991)
17. S.S. Shapiro & M.B. Wilk, An Analysis of Variance Test for Normality (Complete Samples), 52 BIOMETRIKA 591 (1965)
18. S.S. Shapiro & R.S. Francia, An Approximate Analysis of Variance Test for Normality, 67 J. AM. STAT. ASS'N 215 (1972).
19. Bureau of Justice Statistics, Key Facts, http://bjs.ojp.usdoj.gov/index.cfm?ty=tp&tid=13#key_facts
20. Nat'l Criminal Justice Reference Serv., http://www.ncjrs.gov/App/Topics/ Topic.aspx?TopicID=1.
21. ZIMRING, supra note 12, at 50 fig.3.5. The Great American Crime Decline(2007)
22. Franklin E. Zimring, Penal Policy and Penal Legislation in Recent American Experience, STAN. L. REV. 323, 329-34 (2005).
23. FRANKLIN E. ZIMRING & BERNARD E. HARCOURT, CRIMINAL LAW AND THE REGULATION OF VICE 219 fig.3 (2007).
24. FRANKLIN E. ZIMRING & GORDON HAWKINS, PRISON POPULATION AND CRIMINAL JUSTICE POLICY IN CALIFORNIA 14 (1992).
25. John F. Pfaff, The Empirics of Prison Growth: A Critical Review and Path Forward, 98 J. CRIM. L. & CRIMINOLOGY 547 (2008).
26. ZIMRING & HAWKINS, supra note 9, at 67-71.
27. Rosemary Gartner, Anthony Doob & Franklin Zimring, The Past Is Prologue? Decarceration in California: Then and Now, CRIMINOLOGY & PUB. POL'Y (forthcoming 2011).
28. FRANKLIN E. ZIMRING, THE CITY THAT BECAME SAFE!, NEW YORK AND THE FUTURE OF CRIME CONTROL ch. 8 (forthcoming 2011).