Debris-flow impact, vulnerability, and response

Natural Hazards

Volumn 56, Issue 1, 2011, Pages 371-402

  Santi, P M ^a   Hewitt, K ^b   VanDine, D F ^c   Cruz, E Barillas ^d  

^a Department of Geology and Geological Engineering   (United States)

^b WILFRID LAURIER UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

^c VanDine Geological Engineering Limited   (Canada)

^d Servicios Geológicos Profesionales   (Guatemala)

Author keywords

Debris flow; Mitigation; Socio cultural; Vulnerability

Indexed keywords

DEBRIS FLOW; DEVELOPING WORLD; HAZARD ASSESSMENT; HAZARD MANAGEMENT; VULNERABILITY;

EID: 79251594037     PISSN: 0921030X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s11069-010-9576-8     Document Type: Article

References (108)

1. Adhikari DP, Koshimizu S (2005) Debris flow disaster at Larcha, upper Bhotekoski Valley, central Nepal. Island Arc 14: 410-423.
2. Badoux A, Graf C, Rhyner J, Kuntner R, McArdell BW (2009) A debris-flow alarm system for the Alpine Illgraben catchment: design and performance. Nat Hazards 49: 517-539.
3. Balducci V (2010) Rainfall thresholds for the initiation of landslides, Instituto di Ricerca per la Protezione Idrogeologica (IRPI). http://rainfallthresholds. irpi. cnr. it/. Accessed 25 Feb 2010.
4. Bankoff G, Frerks G, Hilhorst D (eds) (2004) Mapping vulnerability: disasters, development and people. Earthscan, London.
5. Batista F, Baas S (2004) The role of local institutions in reducing vulnerability to recurrent natural disasters and in sustainable livelihoods development: consolidated report. FAO Rural Institutions and Participation Service, Rome.
6. Bernard D (2007) Estimation of inundation areas of post-wildfire debris flows. MS thesis, Colorado School of Mines.
7. Berti M, Simoni A (2007) Prediction of debris flow inundated areas using empirical mobility relationships. Geomorphology 90: 144-161.
8. Beyers J (2004) Postfire seeding for erosion control: Effectiveness and impacts on native plant communities. USDA Forest Service. Conserv Biol 18: 947-956.
9. Bianco G, Franzi L (2000) Estimation of debris-flow volumes from storm events. In: Wieczorek GF, Naeser ND (eds) Debris-flow hazards mitigation: mechanics, prediction, and assessment. Balkema, Rotterdam, pp 441-448.
10. Boetzen WJW, van den Bergh JCJM (2009) Managing natural disaster risks in a changing climate. Environ Hazards Human Policy Dimens 8: 209-225.
11. Bohle HG (1993) Vulnerability, hunger and famines. GeoJournal 30: 2-20.
12. Brunsden D, Jones DKC (1984) The geomorphology of high magnitude-low frequency events in the Karakoram Mountains. In: Miller K (ed) International Karakoram Project. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 343-388.
13. Bustillo M (2003) Slide threat will persist, experts warn. Los Angeles Times, Dec 27, 2003.
14. Calcaterra D, Parise M, Palma B, Pelella L (2000) Multiple debris-flows in volcaniclastic materials mantling carbonate slopes. In: Wieczorek GF, Naeser ND (eds) Debris-flow hazards mitigation: mechanics, prediction, and assessment. Balkema, Rotterdam, pp 99-107.
15. California Geological Survey (2003) Hazards from "mudslides"...debris avalanches and debris flows in hillside and wildfire areas. CGS Note 33.
16. Cannon SH, Gartner JE, Rupert MG, Michael JA (2003) Emergency assessment of debris-flow hazards from basins burned by the Grand Prix and Old Fires of 2003, southern California. U. S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 03-475.
17. Cannon SH, Gartner JE, Michael JA (2007) Methods for the emergency assessment of debris-flow hazards from basins burned by the fires of 2007, southern California. U. S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 07-1384.
18. Cannon SH, Gartner JE, Wilson RC, Bowers JC, Laber JL (2008) Storm rainfall conditions for floods and debris flows from recently burned areas in southwestern Colorado and southern California. Geomorphology 96: 250-269.
19. Cannon SH, Gartner JE, Rupert MG, Michael JA, Staley DM, Worstell BB (2010) Emergency assessment of postfire debris-flow hazards for the 2009 Station fire, San Gabriel Mountains, southern California. U. S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1227.
20. Dahal RK, Hasegawa S (2008) Representative rainfall thresholds for landslides in the Nepal Himalaya. Geomorphology 100: 429-443.
21. Degg MR (1992) Some implications of the 1985 Mexican earthquake for hazard assessment. In: McCall GJH, Laming DJC, Scott SC (eds) 1992 geohazards: natural and man-made. Chapman and Hall, New York.
22. Dekens J (2007) Herders of Chitral. The lost messengers? Local knowledge and disaster preparedness in Chitral District, Pakistan. ICIMOD, Kathmandu.
23. deWolfe VG, Santi PM (2009) Debris-flow erosion control treatments after wildfire: an evaluation of erosion control effectiveness. VDM Verlag Dr. Muller, Saarbrucken.
24. deWolfe VG, Santi PM, Ey J, Gartner JE (2008) Effective debris flow mitigation at Lemon Dam, LaPlata County, Colorado. Geomorphology 96: 366-377.
25. Davies T (in press) Misconceptions about natural disasters. In: Bobrowsky P (ed) Encyclopedia of natural hazards. Springer, Heidelberg.
26. Dilley M, Chen RS, Deichmann U, Lerner-Lam AL, Arnold M (2005) Natural disaster hotspots, a global risk analysis, disaster risk management series no. 5. The World Bank Hazard Management Unit, Washington.
27. Douglas M, Wildavsky A (1982) Risk and culture: and essay on the selection of technical and environmental dangers. University of California Press, Berkeley.
28. Duffy JD, DeNatale JD (1996) Debris flow mitigation using flexible barriers. In: Proceedings of the 47th Annual Highway Geology Symposium.
29. Easton JL, Hallstrom CW, Senzaki K (1979) Debris dams and basins design manual: Los Angeles County Flood Control District. http://ladpw. org/des/Design_Manuals/. Accessed 12 Nov 2009.
30. EM-DAT (2010) The international database of OFDA/CRED, Universite Carolique de Louvain, Brussels, http://www. emdat. be/. Accessed 7 May 2010.
31. Enarson E, Morrow B (eds) (1998) The gendered terrain of disaster: through women's eyes. Greenwood/Praeger, Westport.
32. Etkin D (1999) Risk transference and related trends: driving forces towards more mega-disasters. Environ Hazards 1: 69-75.
33. Fannin RJ, Wise MP (2001) An empirical-statistical model for debris flow travel distance. Can Geotech J 38: 982-994.
34. Florey M (2004) personal communication. San Bernardino National Forest Ranger, retired.
35. Fuchs S, Kaitna R, Scheidl C, Hubl J (2008) The application of the risk concept to debris flow hazards, Geomechanik und Tunnelbau 1 (in English). Heft 2, pp 120-129.
36. Garcia-Martinez R, Lopez JL (2005) Debris flow of December 1999 in Venezuela. In: Jakob M, Hungr O (eds) Debris-flow hazards and related phenomena. Praxis-Springer, Berlin, pp 519-538.
37. Gartner JE, Cannon SH, Santi PM, deWolfe VG (2008) Empirical models to predict the volumes of debris flows generated by recently burned basins in the western U. S. Geomorphology 96: 339-354.
38. Geier-Hayes K (1997) The impact of post-fire seeded grasses on native vegetative communities in central Idaho. In: Greenlee JM (ed) Proceedings: first conference on fire effects on rare and endangered species and habitats. International Association of Wildland Fire, Fairfield.
39. Geotimes (2005) Landslides bury Guatemala. December 2005 issue. American Geological Institute, Alexandria.
40. Gerasimov IP, Zvonkova TV (1974) Natural hazards in the territory of the USSR: study, control and warning. In: White GW (ed) Natural hazards: local, regional, global. Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp 243-351.
41. Giraud RE (2005) Guidelines for the geologic evaluation of debris-flow hazards on alluvial fans in Utah. Utah Geological Survey Miscellaneous Publication 05-6.
42. Griswold JP (2004) Mobility statistics and hazard mapping for non-volcanic debris flows and rock avalanches. MS thesis, Portland State University.
43. Guadagno FM, Revellino P (2005) Debris avalanches and debris flows of the Campania Region (southern Italy). In: Jakob M, Hungr O (eds) Debris-flow hazards and related phenomena. Praxis-Springer, Berlin, pp 489-494.
44. Haigh MJ (2001) Understanding landslide systems. Pak J Environ Sci 1: 59-69.
45. Hansen R (1997) Remembering hazards as "coping strategies": local perceptions of the disastrous snowfalls and rainfalls of September, 1992 in Astor valley, Northwestern Himalaya. In: Stellrecht I, Winiger M (eds) Ruedigger Koeppe. Verlag, Koeln, pp 361-377.
46. Hewitt K (1993) Torrential rains in the Central Karakoram, September 1992. Geomorphological impacts and implications for climatic change. Mt Res Develop 13: 117-141.
47. Hewitt K (1997) Regions of risk: a geographical approach to disasters. Addison Wesley Longman, London.
48. Hewitt K (2004) Geomorphic hazards in mountain environments. In: Owens P, Slaymaker O (eds) Mountain geomorphology. Hodder Scientific, London, pp 187-218.
49. Hewitt K (2007) Preventable disasters: addressing social vulnerability, institutional risk and civil ethics. Geographische Rundschau, International Edition, 3: 43-52.
50. Hubbert and Associates (2005) Treatment effectiveness monitoring for Southern California wildfires: 2003 to 2004, the Cedar, Grand Prix/Old, Piru, and Padua Fires. Unpublished consulting report.
51. Hungr O, Morgan GC, Kellerhals R (1984) Quantitative analysis of debris torrent hazards for design of remedial measures. Can Geotech J 21: 663-677.
52. Hungr O (1995) A model for the runout analysis of rapid flow slides, debris flows, and avalanches. Can Geotech J 32: 610-623.
53. ICIMOD (2009) Culture and risk: understanding the sociocultural settings that influence risk from natural hazards: synthesis report from a global e-conference. ICIMOD and The Mountain Forum, Kathmandu, Nepal (Prepared by K. Hewitt with the assistance of the ICIMOD E-Conference team) Kathmandu, Nepal
54. Itakura Y, Inaba H, Sawada T (2005) A debris-flow monitoring devices and methods bibliography. Nat Hazards Earth Syst Sci 5: 971-977.
55. Iverson RM, Schilling SP, Vallance JW (1998) Objective delineation of lahar-inundation zones. Geol Soc Am Bull 110: 972-984.
56. Jackson LE (1987) Debris flow hazard in the Canadian Rocky Mountains. Geological Survey of Canada Paper 86-11.
57. Jaeggi MNR, Pellandini S (1997) Torrent check dams as a control measure for debris flows. In: Armanini A, Michiue M (eds) Recent developments on debris flows. Springer, Berlin, pp 186-207.
58. Jakob M (2005) Debris-flow hazard analysis. In: Jakob M, Hungr O (eds) Debris-flow hazards and related phenomena. Praxis-Springer, Berlin, pp 411-443.
59. Jones DKC (1992) Landslides hazard assessment in the context of development. In: McCall GJH, Laming DJC, Scott SC (eds) 1992 geohazards: natural and man-made. Chapman and Hall, New York.
60. Jones DKC, Brunsden D, Goudie AS (1983) A preliminary geomorphological assessment of part of the Karakoram Highway. Q J Eng Geol 16: 331-355.
61. Li T (2004) Mountain hazards in China. In: Owens PN, Slaymaker O (eds) Mountain geomorphology. Arnold, London, pp 219-241.
62. Lo DOK (2000) Review of natural terrain landslide debris-resisting barrier design: GEO report no. 104, Geotechnical Engineering Office, Civil Engineering Department, The Government of Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. http://www. cedd. gov. hk/eng/publications/geo_reports/index. htm. Accessed 12 Nov 2009.
63. Los Angeles County (2009) Emergency home protection-sandbags. http://ladpw. org/wmd/HomeOwners/sandbags. cfm. Accessed 12 Nov 2009.
64. Malibu Surfside News (2008) Malibu holds its own during triple-storm offensive, Jan 10, 2008.
65. Marchi L, D'Agostino V (2004) Estimation of debris-flow magnitude in the eastern Italian Alps. Earth Surf Proc Land 29: 207-220.
66. Martin DC, Piteau DR, Pearce RA, Hawley PM (1984) Remedial measures for debris flows at the Agassiz Mountain Institution, British Columbia. Can Geotech J 21: 505-517.
67. Maskrey A (1989) Disaster mitigation: a community-based approach. Oxfam, Oxford.
68. McCarthy G (2004) A Christmas to forget, San Bernardino Sun, June 27, 2004.
69. Munich Re (2009) Geo natural catastrophes 2008: topics, analyses, assessments, positions. Munich Re Group, Munich.
70. Nakagawa H, Takahashi T, Satofuka Y (2000) A debris-flow disaster on the fan of the Harihara River, Japan. In: Wieczorek GF, Naeser ND (eds) Debris-flow hazards mitigation: mechanics, prediction, and assessment. Balkema, Rotterdam, pp 193-201.
71. Nakano T (1974) Natural hazards: report from Japan. In: White GW (ed) Natural hazards: local, regional, global. Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp 231-243.
72. Nasmith HW, Mercer AG (1979) Design of dykes to protect against debris flows at Port Alice, British Columbia. Can Geotech J 16: 748-757.
73. Nasseri I, Klippel S, Willardson B, Soriano L, Moyer J, Gaplandzhyan M (2006) Sedimentation manual, 2nd edn. Los Angeles County Department of Public Works-Water Resources Division. http://ladpw. org/wrd/Publication/index. cfm. Accessed 12 Nov 2009.
74. National Research Council (2004) Partnerships for reducing landslide risk-assessment of the national landslide hazards mitigation strategy. National Academies Press, Washington.
75. NOAA-USGS Debris Flow Task Force (2005) NOAA-USGS debris-flow warning system-final report. U. S. Geological Survey Circular 1283.
76. Okubo S, Ikeya H, Ishikawa Y, Yamada T (1997) Development of new methods for countermeasures against debris flows. In: Armanini A, Michiue M (eds) Recent developments on debris flows. Springer, Berlin, pp 166-185.
77. Oliver-Smith AS, Hoffman SM (eds) (2003) The angry earth; disaster in anthropological perspective. Routledge, New York.
78. Ozerdem A, Jacoby T (2006) Disaster management and civil society: earthquake relief in Japan, Turkey, and India. I. B. Tuaris, London.
79. Pelling M (2003) The vulnerability of cities: natural disasters and social resilience. Earthscan, London.
80. Prochaska AB, Santi PM, Higgins JD, Cannon SH (2008a) Debris flow runout predictions based on the average channel slope. Eng Geol 98: 29-40.
81. Prochaska AB, Santi PM, Higgins JD (2008b) Debris basin and deflection berm design for fire-related debris-flow mitigation. Environ Eng Geosci 14: 297-313.
82. Prochaska AB, Santi PM, Higgins JD, Cannon SH (2008c) A study of methods to estimate debris flow velocity. Landslides 5: 431-444.
83. Rickenmann D (2005) Runout prediction methods. In: Jakob M, Hungr O (eds) Debris-flow hazards and related phenomena. Praxis-Springer, Berlin, pp 305-324.
84. Roussel V (2003) New moralities of risk and political responsibility, chap. 5. In: Ericson RV, Doyle A (eds) Risk and morality. University of Toronto Press, Toronto, pp 117-144.
85. Rorem E (2005) Performance of flexible debris flow barriers in fire burned areas, State Route 18, San Bernardino County, CA, USA. In: Proceedings of the 56th annual highway geology symposium, pp 379-392. http://www. highwaygeologysymposium. org/past_proceedings. asp. Accessed 15 June 2010.
86. Said M (1994) Natural hazards in Shigar Valley, Northern Pakistan. In: Stellrecht I, Winiger M (eds) Karakoruam-Hindukush-Himalaya: dynamics of change, vol 4, pp 251-268.
87. San Bernardino County Flood Control District (2004) Debris and erosion control. County of San Bernardino Economic Development and Public Services Group.
88. Santi PM, Higgins JD, Cannon SH, DeGraff JV (2006) Evaluation of post-wildfire debris flow mitigation methods and development of decision-support tools. Joint Fire Science Program, JFSP Contract 03-1-4-14, 50 p. http://www. firescience. gov/. Accessed 13 Nov 2009.
89. Santi PM, deWolfe VG, Higgins JD, Cannon SH, Gartner JE (2007) Effectiveness of debris flow mitigation methods in burned areas. First north American landslide conference, AEG Special Publication No. 23.
90. Schuster RL, Salcedo DA, Valenzuela L (2002) Overview of catastrophic landslides of South America in the twentieth century. In: Evans SG, DeGraff JV (eds) Catastrophic landslides: effects, occurrence, and mechanisms. Reviews in engineering geology. Geological Society of America, Boulder, pp 1-34.
91. Sen A (1981) Poverty and famines: an essay on entitlement and deprivation. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
92. Scott KM (2000) Precipitation-triggered debris-flow at Casita Volcano, Nicaragua: implications for mitigation strategies in volcanic and tectonically active steeplands. In: Wieczorek GF, Naeser ND (eds) Debris-flow hazards mitigation: mechanics, prediction, and assessment. Balkema, Rotterdam, pp 3-13.
93. Selby M (1993) Hillslope materials and processes, 2nd edn. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
94. Sheridan MF, Connor C, Connor L, Stinton A, Galacia OR, Barrios G (2007) October 2005 Debris flows at Panabaj, Guatemala: hazard assessment. American Geophysical Union Spring Meeting 2007.
95. Strunk H (1992) Reconstructing debris flow frequency in the Southern Alps back to AD 1500 using dendrogeomorphological analysis: erosion, debris flows and environment in mountain regions. In: Proceedings of the Chengdu symposium, IAHS Publ. no. 209, pp 299-306.
96. Thommen RA, Duffy JD (1997) Testing and application of flexible wire rope netting barriers to retain mud and debris flow, Geobrugg Technical Bulletin #10.
97. UNDP (2004) A global report: reducing disaster risk; a challenge for development. United Nations Development Programme, Bureau of Crisis Prevention and Management, New York.
98. United Nations (2005) Report of the world conference on disaster reduction, Kobe, Hyogo Japan January 2005. United Nations, Geneva.
99. U. S. Army Corps of Engineers (2000) Debris method-Los Angeles District method for prediction of debris yield. U. S. Army Corps of Engineers, Los Angeles District.
100. U. S. Geological Survey (2001) Natural hazards on alluvial fans: the Venezuela debris flow and flash flood disaster. USGS Fact Sheet FS 103 01.
101. U. S. Geological Survey (2005) A NOAA-USGS demonstration flash-flood and debris-flow early-warning system. USGS Fact Sheet FS 2005-3104.
102. VanDine DF (1985) Debris flows and debris torrents in the southern Canadian Cordillera. Can Geotech J 22: 44-68.
103. VanDine DF (1996) Debris flow control structures for forest engineering: British Columbia Ministry of Forests Research Program, Victoria, B. C., Working Paper 08/1996. www. for. gov. bc. ca/hfd/pubs/Docs/Wp/Wp22. htm. Accessed 12 Nov 2009.
104. Wagenbrenner J, Macdonald L, Rough D (2006) Effectiveness of three post-fire rehabilitation treatments in the Colorado Front Range. Hydrol Process 20: 2989-3006.
105. White S, Garcia-Ruiz J, Marti C, Valero B, Errea M, Gomex-Villar A (1998) The 1996 Biescas campsite disaster in the Central Spanish Pyrenees, and its temporal and spatial context. Hydrol Process 11: 1797-1812.
106. Wilford D, Sakals ME, Innes J, Bergerud WA (2004) Recognition of debris flow, debris flow and flood hazard through watershed morphometrics. Landslides 1: 61-66.
107. Williams SR, Lowe M (1990) Process-based debris-flow prediction method. In: French RH (ed) Proceedings-hydraulics/hydrology of arid lands. American Society of Civil Engineers, San Diego, pp 66-71.
108. Zimmerman M, Mani P, Romang H (1997) Magnitude-frequency aspects of Alpine debris Flows. Eclogae Geologicae Helvetiae 90: 415-420.