Overview of smallholder irrigation schemes in south Africa: Relationship between farmer crop management practices and performance

African Journal of Agricultural Research

Volumn 5, Issue 25, 2010, Pages 3514-3523

  Fanadzo, M ^a   Chiduza, C ^a   Mnkeni, P N S ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF FORT HARE   (South Africa)

Author keywords

Cropping systems; Farmer management practices; Performance; Revitalisation; Smallholder irrigation schemes

Indexed keywords

EID: 79251581883     PISSN: None     EISSN: 1991637X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (53)

1. Anonymous (2009). High yielding varieties versus traditional cultivars. [Online]. Available at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-yielding_varieties. [Date of access: 22/05/2009].
2. Backeberg GR (2006). Reform of user charges, market pricing and management of water: problem or opportunity for irrigated agriculture. Irrigation and Drainage 55 (1), 1-12.
3. Beinart W (2001). Twentieth century South Africa. Oxford University Press, New York, USA.
4. Belsitio AM (2004). Open pollinated corn cultivar trials and a discussion of the practical implications for open pollinated corn in small-scale whiskey Production. MSc thesis, Cornell University, p. 44.
5. Bembridge TJ (2000). Guidelines for rehabilitation of small-scale farmer irrigation schemes in South Africa. WRC Report 891/1/00. Water Research Commission, Pretoria, South Africa.
6. Bigman D, Srinivasan PV (2002). Geographical targeting of poverty alleviation programs: Methodology and applications in rural India. J. Policy Modelling 24: 237-255.
7. Bontkes TS, van Keulen H (2003). Modelling the dynamics of agricultural development at farm and regional level. Agric. Syst., 76: 379-396.
8. Bouwman AF (1997). Long-term scenarios of livestock cropland use interactions for the assessment of environmental indicators in developing countries. In: Land and Water Bulletin No. 5. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy.
9. Botha CAJ, Treurnicht S (1997). Converting South African state extension services: a sustainable development framework. South Afri. J. Agric. Exten., 26: 31-52.
10. Catling D, Saaiman B (1996). Small-scale farmers and growers in the Western Cape: the challenge of providing appropriate extension services. In: L. Lipton, M. de Klerk, M. Lipton (Eds.). Land, labour and livelihoods in rural South Africa, Volume 1 (pp 159-176). Durban: Indicator Press, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.
11. Chivinge OA (1990). Weed science technological needs of the communal areas of Zimbabwe. Zambezia xv (ii), pp.133-143.
12. Crosby CT, De Lange M, Stimie, CM, Van der Stoep I (2000). A review of planning and design procedures applicable to small-scale farmer irrigation projects. WRC Report 578/2/00. Water Research Commission, Pretoria, South Africa.
13. De Lange M, Adendorff J, Crosby CT (2000). Developing sustainable small-scale farmer irrigation in poor rural communities: guidelines and checklists for trainers and development facilitators. WRC Report 774/1/00. Water Research Commission, Pretoria, South Africa.
14. Denison J, Manona S (2007a). Principles, approaches and guidelines for the participatory revitalisation of smallholder irrigation schemes. Volume 1 - A rough guide for irrigation development practitioners. WRC Report TT 308/07. Water Research Commission, Pretoria, South Africa.
15. Denison J, Manona S (2007b). Principles, approaches and guidelines for the participatory revitalisation of smallholder irrigation scheme. Volume 2 - concepts and cases. WRC Report TT 308/07. Water Research Commission Pretoria, South Africa.
16. Du Plessis FJ, Van der Stoep I, Van Averbeke W (2002). Micro-irrigation for smallholders: guidelines for funders, planners, designers and support staff in South Africa. WRC Report TT 164/01. Water Research Commission Pretoria, South Africa.
17. Eicher CK (1990). Africa's food battles. In: C.K. Eicher, J.M. Staatz (Eds.). Agricultural development in the third world. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, pp. 503-530.
18. Ellis F (1998). Household strategies and rural livelihood diversification. J. Develop. Studies 35 (1): 1-38.
19. Fanadzo M (2010). Improving productivity of maize-based smallholder irrigated cropping systems, a case study of Zanyokwe irrigation scheme, Eastern Cape, South Africa. PhD Thesis, University of Fort Hare, South Africa, pp. 385
20. Fanadzo M, Chiduza C, Mnkeni PNS (2009). Investigation of agronomic factors constraining productivity of grain maize (Zea mays L.) at Zanyokwe irrigation scheme, Eastern Cope, South Afri. J. Appl. Biosci., 17: 948-958
21. Fanadzo M, Chiduza C, Mnkeni PNS, Van der Stoep I, Stevens J (2010). Crop production management practices as a cause for low water productivity at Zanyokwe irrigation scheme. Water SA 36(1): 27-36.
22. FAO (1995). Sustainable dryland cropping in relation to soil productivity - FAO soils bulletin 72. Food and Agricultural Organisation of the United Nations, Rome, Italy.
23. FAO (1996). Agro-ecological zoning guidelines. FAO Soils Bulletin 73. Food and Agricultural Organisation of the United Nations, Rome, Italy.
24. FAO (2000). South Africa: Affordable irrigation technologies for smallholders: Opportunities for technology adaptation and capacity building. Programme formulation Report No. 6 - December (2000). IPTRID Secretariat. Food and Agricultural Organisation of the United Nations, Rome, Italy.
25. FAO (2001). Smallholder irrigation technology: prospects for sub-Saharan Africa. International program for technology and research in irrigation and drainage knowledge synthesis report No. 3. IPTRID Secretariat, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy.
26. Farmer Support Services Working Group (1997). Discussion groups' notes from plenary session of the workshop held on 8-9 July 1997, Pretoria, South Africa.
27. FSSA (2007). Fertilizer Handbook, Sixth Revised Edition. The Fertilizer Society of South Africa. Hennopsmere, South Africa.
28. Hoare J (1992). Sustainable dryland cropping in Southern Australia: A Review. Agriculture, Ecosyst. Environ., 38: 193-204.
29. IRRI (1978). Annual Report for 1978. International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Philippines.
30. Lahiff E (2000). An apartheid oasis? Agricultural and rural livelihoods in Venda. Frank Cass Publishers, London, UK.
31. Lahiff E, Cousins B (2005). Smallholder agriculture and land reform in South Africa. IDS Bulletin Volume 36 No. 2, June 2005. Institute of Development Studies, South Africa.
32. Laker MC (2004). Development of a general strategy for optimising the efficient use of primary water resources for effective alleviation of rural poverty. WRC Report KV149/04. Water Research Commission, Pretoria, South Africa.
33. Lipton M (1996). Rural reforms and rural livelihoods: The context of international experience. In: M. Lipton, M. de Klerk, M. Lipton (Eds.). Land, labour and livelihoods in rural South Africa. One: Western Cape. Indicator Press, Durban, South Africa.
34. Machethe CL, Mollel NM, Ayisi K, Mashatola MB, Anim FDK, Vanasche F (2004). Smallholder irrigation and agricultural development in the Olifants river basin of Limpopo province: management, transfer, productivity, profitability and food security issues. WRC Report 1050/1/04. Water Research Commission, Pretoria, South Africa.
35. Mandiringana OT, Mnkeni PNS, Mkile Z, Van Averbeke W, Ranst EV, Verplanke H (2005). Mineralogy and fertility status of selected soils of the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. Commun. Soil Plant Anal. 36: 2431-2446.
36. Marais JN (1992). FSR-E Newsletter No. 4, November 1992. Southern African association for farming systems research-extension, Development Bank of Southern Africa, Halfway House, South Africa.
37. Monde N, Mtshali S, Mnkeni PNS, Chiduza C, Modi AT, Brutsch MO, Dladla R, Mthembu BE (2005). A situation analysis report on the Zanyokwe and Tugela Ferry irrigation schemes. Water Research Commission Project K5/1477 Deliverable 2 report. Pretoria, South Africa.
38. Mphahlele RE, Malakalaka TM, Hedden-Dunkhorst B (2000). Characteristics of smallholder irrigation farming in South Africa: A Case Study of the Arabie-Olifants River irrigation scheme. South Africa working paper number 3. University of the North and International Water Management Institute, South Africa.
39. Mukhela E, Groenewald DC (1998). Experiences and perceptions of black small-scale irrigation farmers in the Free State. South Afr. J. Agric. Exten., 27: 1-18.
40. Murphy SD, Yakubu Y, Weise SF, Swanton CJ (1996). Effect of planting patterns and inter-row cultivation on competition between corn (Zea mays) and late emerging weeds. Weed Sci. 44: 856-870.
41. Noordwijk M (2002). Scaling trade-offs between crop productivity, carbon stocks and biodiversity in shifting cultivation landscape mosaics: the Fallow Model. Ecol. Modeling 149, 113-126.
42. Perret S (2002). Water policies and smallholding irrigation schemes in South Africa: A history and new institutional changes. Water Pol. 4(3): 283-300.
43. Perret S, Lavigne M, Stirer N, Yokwe S, Dikgale S (2003). The Thabina irrigation scheme in a context of rehabilitation and management transfer: prospective analysis and local empowerment. Final Report: DWAF, CIRAD-IWMI-UP, Pretoria, South Africa.
44. Sangoi L (2000). Understanding plant density effects on maize growth and development: an important issue to maximise grain yield. Cencia Rural 31(1):159-168.
45. Sarker RA, Talukdar S, Haque AFMA (1997). Determination of optimum crop mix for crop cultivation in Bangladesh. Appl. Math. Modeling 21: 621-623.
46. Singh DK, Jaiswal CS, Reddy KS, Singh RM, Bhandarkar DM (2001). Optimal cropping pattern in a canal command area. Agric.l Water Manage. 50: 1-8.
47. Steyn GJ (1988). A farming systems study of two rural areas in Peddie district of Ciskei. PhD thesis, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa.
48. Underhill HW (1984). The Role of governmental and non-governmental organizations and international agencies in smallholder irrigation development. In: M.J. Blackie (ed.). Proceedings of the African Regional Symposium on smallholder Irrigation, Harare, Zimbabwe, 5 September 1984.
49. USDA (2003). Irrigated corn increases in South Africa. Production estimates and crop assessment division, foreign agricultural service, May 27, 2003. [Online]. Available at http://www.fas.usda.gov/pecad2/highlights/2003/05/southafrica/index.htm. [Date of access: 3/10/2006].
50. Van Averbeke W (2008). Best management practices for small-scale subsistence farming on selected irrigation schemes and surrounding areas through participatory adaptive research in Limpopo Province. WRC report TT 344/08. Water Research Commission, Pretoria, South Africa.
51. Van Averbeke W, M'marete CK, Igodan CO, Belete A (1998). An investigation into food plot production at irrigation schemes in central Eastern Cape. WRC report 719/1/98. Water Research Commission, Pretoria, South Africa.
52. Van Zyl J, Vink N, Van Rooyen CJ (1991). Proposals for an agricultural operation system in South Africa: uitdangings and adjustments for lanbouvoor ligting in response to the realities of the nineties. Paper presented at the annual conference of the South African Society for Agricultural Extension
53. Zimdahl RL (2007). Fundamentals of weed science. Third Edition. Academic Press, San Diego, California, USA.