The spatial epidemiology and clinical features of reported cases of La Crosse Virus infection in West Virginia from 2003 to 2007

BMC Infectious Diseases

Volumn 11, Issue , 2011, Pages

  Haddow, Andrew D ^a,b   Bixler, Danae ^c   Odoi, Agricola ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TENNESSEE   (United States)

^b University of Texas Medical Branch School of Medicine   (United States)

^c West Virginia Bureau for Public Health   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGE DISTRIBUTION; ARTHRALGIA; ARTICLE; CALIFORNIA ENCEPHALITIS; CHILD; CLINICAL FEATURE; CLUSTER ANALYSIS; COMA; CONFUSION; CONTAINER; ENCEPHALITIS; ENVIRONMENTAL FACTOR; FEMALE; FEVER; GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION; HUMAN; INCIDENCE; INFANT; LA CROSSE VIRUS; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MENINGITIS; MORTALITY; MUSCULOSKELETAL STIFFNESS; MYALGIA; NAUSEA; PHOTOPHOBIA; PROTEIN CEREBROSPINAL FLUID LEVEL; RASH; SEIZURE; SUMMER; UNITED STATES; VOMITING; WEAKNESS; ENVIRONMENT; HOUSING; ISOLATION AND PURIFICATION; MIDDLE AGED; PHYSIOLOGY; PRESCHOOL CHILD; SEASON; VIROLOGY;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; CHILD; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; ENCEPHALITIS, CALIFORNIA; ENVIRONMENT; FEMALE; HOUSING; HUMANS; INCIDENCE; INFANT; LA CROSSE VIRUS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; SEASONS; WEST VIRGINIA; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 79251567972     PISSN: None     EISSN: 14712334     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-11-29     Document Type: Article

References (48)

1. Thompson WH, Kalfayan B, Anslow RO. Isolation of California encephalitis group virus from a fatal human illness. Am J Epidemiol 1965, 81:245-253.
2. Calisher CH. Medically important arboviruses of the United States and Canada. Clin Microbiol Rev 1994, 7(1):89-116. 358307, 8118792.
3. Tsai TF. Arboviral infections in the United States. Infect Dis Clin North Am 1991, 5:73-102.
4. Grimstad P. California group virus disease. In: The arboviruses: epidemiology and ecology 1988, II:99-136. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, Monath TP.
5. Kappus KD, Monath TP, Kaminski RM, Calisher CH. Reported encephalitis associated with California serogroup virus infections in the United States, 1963-1981. Prog Clin Biol Res 1983, 123:31-41.
6. McJunkin JE, Khan RR, Tsai TF. California-La Crosse encephalitis. Infect Dis Clin North Am 1998, 12(1):83-93. 10.1016/S0891-5520(05)70410-4, 9494831.
7. Rust RS, Thompson WH, Matthews CG, Beaty BJ, Chun RW. La Crosse and other forms of California encephalitis. J Child Neurol 1999, 14(1):1-14. 10.1177/088307389901400101, 10025535.
8. Haddow AD, Odoi A. The incidence risk, clustering, and clinical presentation of La Crosse virus infections in the eastern United States, 2003-2007. PLoS One 2009, 4(7):e6145. 10.1371/journal.pone.0006145, 2702082, 19582158.
9. Jones TF, Craig AS, Nasci RS, Patterson LE, Erwin PC, Gerhardt RR, Ussery XT, Schaffner W. Newly recognized focus of La Crosse encephalitis in Tennessee. Clin Infect Dis 1999, 28(1):93-97. 10.1086/515087, 10028077.
10. Watts DM, Morris CD, Wright RE, DeFoliart GR, Hanson RP. Transmission of La Crosse virus (California encephalitis group) by the mosquito Aedes triseriatus. J Med Entomol 1972, 9(2):125-127.
11. Gerhardt RR, Gottfried KL, Apperson CS, Davis BS, Erwin PC, Smith AB, Panella NA, Powell EE, Nasci RS. First isolation of La Crosse virus from naturally infected Aedes albopictus. Emerg Infect Dis 2001, 7(5):807-811. 10.3201/eid0705.010506, 2631884, 11747692.
12. Lambert AJ, Blair CD, D'Anton M, Ewing W, Harborth M, Seiferth R, Xiang J, Lanciotti RS. La Crosse virus in Aedes albopictus mosquitoes, Texas, USA. Emerg Infect Dis 2009, 16(5):856-858.
13. Sardelis MR, Turell MJ, Andre RG. Laboratory transmission of La Crosse virus by Ochlerotatus j. japonicus (Diptera: Culicidae). J Med Entomol 2002, 39(4):635-639. 10.1603/0022-2585-39.4.635, 12144295.
14. Haddow AD, Gerhardt RR, Jones CJ, Odoi A. The mosquitoes of eastern Tennessee: studies on abundance, habitat preferences, and host-seeking behaviors. J Vector Ecol 2009, 34:70-80.
15. Molaei G, Farajollahi A, Scott JJ, Gaugler R, Andreadis TG. Human bloodfeeding by the recently introduced mosquito, Aedes japonicus japonicus, and public health implications. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 2009, 25(2):210-214. 10.2987/09-0012.1, 19653507.
16. Niebylski ML, Savage HM, Nasci RS, Craig GB. Blood hosts of Aedes albopictus in the United States. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 1994, 10(3):447-450.
17. Watts DM, Pantuwatana S, DeFoliart GR, Yuill TM, Thompson WH. Transovarial transmission of La Crosse virus (California encephalitis group) in the mosquito, Aedes triseriatus. Science 1973, 182(117):1140-1141. 10.1126/science.182.4117.1140, 4750609.
18. Watts DM, Grimstad PR, DeFoliart GR, Yuill TM, Hanson RP. Laboratory transmission of La Crosse encephalitis virus by several species of mosquitoes. J Med Entomol 1973, 10:583-586.
19. Watts DM, Thompson WH, Yuill TM, DeFoliart GR, Hanson RP. Overwintering of La Crosse virus in Aedes triseriatus. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1974, 23(4):694-700.
20. Moulton DW, Thompson WH. California group virus infections in small, forest-dwelling mammals of Wisconsin. Some ecological considerations. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1971, 20(3):474-482.
21. Ksiazek TG, Yuill TM. Viremia and antibody response to La Crosse virus in sentinel gray squirrels (Sciuris carolinensis) and chipmunks (Tamias striatus). Am J Trop Med Hyg 1977, 26(4):815-821.
22. Thompson WH, Evans AS. California encephalitis virus studies in Wisconsin. Am J Epidemiol 1965, 81:230-244.
23. Kitron U, Michael J, Swanson J, Haramis L. Spatial analysis of the distribution of La Crosse encephalitis in Illinois, using a geographic information system and local and global spatial statistics. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1997, 57(4):469-475.
24. Erwin PC, Jones TF, Gerhardt RR, Halford SK, Smith AB, Patterson LE, Gottfried KL, Burkhalter KL, Nasci RS, Schaffner W. La Crosse encephalitis in Eastern Tennessee: clinical, environmental, and entomological characteristics from a blinded cohort study. Am J Epidemiol 2002, 155(11):1060-1065. 10.1093/aje/155.11.1060, 12034585.
25. McJunkin JE, de los Reyes EC, Irazuzta JE, Caceres MJ, Khan RR, Minnich LL, Fu KD, Lovett GD, Tsai T, Thompson A. La Crosse encephalitis in children. N Engl J Med 2001, 344(11):801-807. 10.1056/NEJM200103153441103, 11248155.
26. Nasci RS, Moore CG, Biggerstaff BJ, Panella NA, Liu HQ, Karabatsos N, Davis BS, Brannon ES. La Crosse encephalitis virus habitat associations in Nicholas County, West Virginia. J Med Entomol 2000, 37(4):559-570. 10.1603/0022-2585-37.4.559, 10916297.
27. La Crosse encephalitis in West Virginia. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 1988, 37(5):79-82.
28. Woodruff BA, Baron RC, Tsai TF. Symptomatic La Crosse virus infections of the central nervous system: a study of risk factors in an endemic area. Am J Epidemiol 1992, 136(3):320-327.
29. CDC Neuroinvasive and non-neuroinvasive domestic arboviral diseases: 2004 case definition. National Center for Public Health Informatics (NCPHI) 2004, Atlanta, Georgia: Centers for Disease Control, NNDSS, 2004, CDC.
30. US Census Bureau Cartographic Boundary File Web Site. 2008, Accessed August 3 2009, US Census Bureau., http://www.census.gov/geo/www/tiger/index.html
31. STATA Intercooled STATA Version 10.0 for Macintosh. 2007, College Station, Texas, USA: STATA Corporation, STATA.
32. Clayton D, Bernardinelli L. Bayesian methods for mapping disease risk. 1997, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
33. Odoi A, Martin SW, Michel P, Holt J, Middleton D, Wilson J. Geographical and temporal distribution of human giardiasis in Ontario, Canada. Int J Health Geogr 2003, 2(1):5. 10.1186/1476-072X-2-5, 194172, 12946275.
34. Bernardinelli L, Montomoli C. Empirical Bayes versus fully Bayesian analysis of geographical variation in disease risk. Stat Med 1992, 11:983-1007. 10.1002/sim.4780110802, 1496200.
35. Bithell JF. A classification of disease mapping methods. Stat Med 2000, 19:2203-2215. 10.1002/1097-0258(20000915/30)19:17/18<2203::AID-SIM564>3.0.CO;2-U, 10960848.
36. Haddow AD, Jones CJ, Odoi A. Assessing risk in focal arboviral infections: Are we missing the big or little Picture?. PLoS One 2009, 4(9):e6954. 10.1371/journal.pone.0006954, 2734166, 19742311.
37. Anselin L. GeoDa Version 0.95i. 2003, Spatial Analysis Lab, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA.
38. Kulldorff M. A spatial scan statistic. Commun Stat Theory Methods 1997, 26:1481-1496.
39. Kulldorff M. SaTScan Version 9.0.1. Software for the spatial and space-time scan statistics 2010, Information Management Services, Boston, MA, USA.
40. ESRI ArcView GIS Version 9.2. 2006, Environmental Systems Research Institute, Inc., Redlands, CA, USA, ESRI.
41. Winters AM, Eisen RJ, Delorey MJ, Fischer M, Nasci RS, Zielinski-Gutierrez E, Moore CG, Pape WJ, Eisen L. Spatial risk assessments based on vector-borne disease epidemiologic data: importance of scale for West Nile virus disease in Colorado. Am J Trop Med Hyg 82(5):945-953.
42. Sokol DK, Kleiman MB, Garg BP. La Crosse viral encephalitis mimics herpes simplex viral encephalitis. Pediatr Neurol 2001, 25(5):413-415. 10.1016/S0887-8994(01)00337-X, 11744319.
43. Huang C, Thompson WH, Karabatsos N, Grady L, Campbell WP. Evidence that fatal human infections with La Crosse virus may be associated with a narrow range of genotypes. Virus Res 1997, 48(2):143-148. 10.1016/S0168-1702(97)01437-8, 9175252.
44. Reese SM, Blitvich BJ, Blair CD, Geske D, Beaty BJ, Black W. Potential for La Crosse virus segment reassortment in nature. Virol J 2008, 5:164. 10.1186/1743-422X-5-164, 2640380, 19114023.
45. Joy JE, Sullivan SN. Occurrence of tire inhabiting mosquito larvae in different geographic regions of West Virginia. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 2005, 21(4):380-386. 10.2987/8756-971X(2006)21[380:OOTIML]2.0.CO;2, 16506562.
46. Joy JE. Larval mosquitoes in abandoned tire pile sites from West Virginia. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 2004, 20(1):12-17.
47. Joy JE, Hanna AA, Kennedy BA. Spatial and temporal variation in the mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) inhabiting waste tires in Nicholas County, West Virginia. J Med Entomol 2003, 40(1):73-77. 10.1603/0022-2585-40.1.73, 12597656.
48. Parry JE. Control of Aedes triseriatus in La Crosse, Wisconsin. Prog Clin Biol Res 1983, 123:355-363.