The effects of visuospatial attention measured across visual cortex using source-imaged, steady-state EEG

Journal of Vision

Volumn 10, Issue 14, 2010, Pages 1-17

  Lauritzen, Thomas Z ^a,b,c   Ales, Justin M ^b   Wade, Alex R ^b,d  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b SMITH KETTLEWELL EYE RESEARCH INSTITUTE   (United States)

^c Second Sight Medical Products Inc   (United States)

^d UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

Attention; EEG; Parietal cortex; Source localization; Visual cortex

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AGED; ANIMAL; ARTICLE; ATTENTION; BIOLOGICAL MODEL; CONTRAST SENSITIVITY; ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY; FEMALE; HUMAN; MALE; METHODOLOGY; MIDDLE AGED; PARIETAL LOBE; PHYSIOLOGY; PRIMATE; PSYCHOPHYSICS; VISION; VISUAL CORTEX;

ADULT; AGED; ANIMALS; ATTENTION; CONTRAST SENSITIVITY; ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; MODELS, NEUROLOGICAL; PARIETAL LOBE; PRIMATES; PSYCHOPHYSICS; VISUAL CORTEX; VISUAL PERCEPTION; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 79251544261     PISSN: None     EISSN: 15347362     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1167/10.14.1     Document Type: Article

References (115)

1. Albrecht, D. G., & Hamilton, D. B. (1982). Striate cortex of monkey and cat: Contrast response function. Journal of Neurophysiology, 48, 217-237.
2. Ales, J. M., Yates, J. L., & Norcia, A. M. (2010). V1 is not uniquely identified by polarity reversals of responses to upper and lower visual field stimuli. Neuroimage, 52, 1401-1409.
3. Appelbaum, L. G., Wade, A. R., Pettet, M. W., Vildavski, V. Y., & Norcia, A. M. (2008). Figure-ground interaction in the human visual cortex. Journal of Vision, 8(9):8, 1-19, http://www.journalofvision.org/content/8/9/8, doi:10.1167/8.9.8.
4. Baillet, S., Mosher, J. C., & Leahy, R. M. (2001). Electromagnetic brain mapping. IEEE Signal Processing Magazine, 18, 14-30.
5. Biswal, B., Deyoe, E. A., & Hyde, J. S. (1996). Reduction of physiological fluctuations in fMRI using digital filters. Magnetic Resonance in Medical Sciences, 35, 107-113.
6. Bles, M., Schwarzbach, J., de Weerd, P., Goebel, R., & Jansma, B. M. (2006). Receptive field size-dependent attention effects in simultaneously presented stimulus displays. Neuroimage, 30, 506-511.
7. Boynton, G. M. (2009). A framework describing the effects of attention on visual responses. Vision Research, 49, 1129-1143.
8. Braun, J. (1998). Vision and attention, the role of training. Nature, 393, 424-425.
9. Brefczynski, J. A., & De Yoe, E. A. (1999). A physiological correlate of the 'spotlight' of visual attention. Nature Neuroscience, 2, 370-374.
10. Bressler, S. W., Tang, W., Sylvester, C. M., Shulman, G. L., & Corbetta, M. (2008). Top-down control of human visual cortex by frontal and parietal cortex in anticipatory visual spatial attention. Journal of Neuroscience, 28, 10056-10061.
11. Bruce, C., Desimone, R., & Gross, C. G. (1981). Visual properties of neurons in a polysensory area in superior temporal sulcus of the macaque. Journal of Neurophysiology, 46, 369-384.
12. Buffalo, E. A., Fries, P., Landman, R., Liang, H., & Desimone, R. (2010). A backward progression of attentional effects in the ventral stream. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 107, 361-365.
13. Buracas, G. T., & Boynton, G. M. (2007). The effect of spatial attention on contrast response functions in human visual cortex. Journal of Neuroscience, 27, 93-97.
14. Busse, L., Wade, A. R., & Carandini, M. (2009). Representation of concurrent stimuli in population activity in visual cortex. Neuron, 64, 931-942.
15. Carandini, M. (2004), Amplification of trial-to-trial response variability by neurons in visual cortex. PLoS Biology, 2, e264.
16. Carrasco, M. (2006). Covert attention increases contrast sensitivity: Psychophysical, neurophysiological and neuroimaging studies. Progress in Brain Research, 154, 33-70.
17. Cavanagh, P., & Alvarez, G. A. (2005). Tracking multiple targets with multifocal attention. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 9, 349-354.
18. Chen, Y., Martinez-Condes, S., Macknik, S. L., Bereshpolova, Y., Swadlow, H. A., & Alonso, J.-M. (2008). Task difficulty modulates the activity of specific neuronal populations in primary visual cortex. Nature Neuroscience, 11, 974-982.
19. Clark, V. P., & Hillyard, S. A. (1996). Spatial selective attention affects extrastriate but not striate components of the visually evoked potential. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 8, 387-402.
20. Colby, C. L., & Goldberg, M. E. (1999). Space and attention in parietal cortex. Annual Review of Neuroscience, 22, 319-349.
21. Corbetta, M., & Shulman, G. L. (2002). Control of goaldirected and stimulus-driven attention in the brain. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 3, 201-215.
22. Desimone, R., Albright, T. D., Gross, C. G., & Bruce, C. (1984). Stimulus-selective properties of inferior temporal neurons in the macaque. Journal of Neuroscience, 4, 2051-2062.
23. Desimone, R., & Duncan, J. (1995). Neural mechanisms of selective visual attention. Annual Review of Neuroscience, 18, 193-222.
24. Devor, A., Hillman, E. M. C., Tian, P., Waeber, C., Teng, I. C., Ruvinskaya, L., et al. (2008). Stimulus-induced changes in blood flow and 2-deoxyglucose uptake dissociate in ipsilateral somatosensory cortex. Journal of Neuroscience, 28, 14347-14357.
25. Devor, A., Tian, P., Nishimura, N., Teng, I. C., Hillman, E. M. C., Narayanan, S. N., et al. (2007). Suppressed neuronal activity and concurrent arteriolar vasoconstriction may explain negative blood oxygenation level-dependent signal. Journal of Neuroscience, 27, 4452-4459.
26. Ding, J., Sperling, G., & Srinivasan, R. (2006). Attentional modulation of SSVEP power depends on the network tagged by the flicker frequency. Cerebral Cortex, 16, 1016-1029.
27. Di Russo, F., Martinez, A., & Hillyard, S. A. (2003). Source analysis of event-related cortical activity during visuo-spatial attention. Cerebral Cortex, 13, 486-499.
28. Di Russo, F., Spinelli, D., & Morrone, M. C. (2001). Automatic gain control contrast mechanisms are modulated by attention in humans: Evidence from visual evoked potentials. Vision Research, 41, 2435-2447.
29. Donner, T. H., Siegel, M., Oostenveld, R., Fries, P., Bauer, M., & Engel, A. K. (2007). Population activity in the human dorsal pathway predicts the accuracy of visual motion detection. Journal of Neurophysiology, 98, 345-359.
30. Dumoulin, S. O., & Wandell, B. A. (2008). Population receptive field estimates in human visual cortex. NeuroImage, 39, 647-660.
31. Efron, B., & Tibshirani, R. J. (1993). An introduction to the bootstrap. New York: Chapman and Hall.
32. Engel, S. A., Glover, G. H., & Wandell, B. A. (1997). Retinotopic organization in human visual cortex and the spatial precision of functional MRI. Cerebral Cortex, 7, 181-192.
33. Fries, P., Reynolds, J. H., Rorie, A. E., & Desimone, R. (2001). Modulation of oscillatory neuronal synchronization by selective visual attention. Science, 291, 1560-1563.
34. Gandhi, S. P., Heeger, D. J., & Boynton, G. M. (1999). Spatial attention affects activity in human primary visual cortex. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 96, 3314-3319.
35. Genovese, C. R., Lazar, N. A., & Nichols, T. (2002). Thresholding of statistical maps in functional neuroimaging using the false discovery rate. NeuroImage, 15, 870-878.
36. Hämäläinen, M. S., & Ilmoniemi, R. J. (1994). Interpreting magnetic fields of the brain, minimum norm estimates. Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing, 32, 35-42.
37. Heeger, D. J. (1992). Normalisation of cell responses in cat striate cortex. Visual Neuroscience, 9, 181-197.
38. Herrero, J. L., Robers, M. J., Delicato, L. S., Gieselmann, M. A., Dyan, P., & Thiele, A. (2008). Acetylcholine contributes through muscarinic receptors to attentional modulation in V1. Nature, 454, 1110-1114.
39. Huk, A. C., Dougherty, R. F., & Heeger, D. J. (2002). Retinotopy and functional subdivision of human areas MT and MST. Journal of Neuroscience, 22, 7195-7205.
40. Im, C.-H., Gururajan, A., Zhang, N., Chen, W., & He, B. (2007). Spatial resolution of EEG cortical source imaging revealed by localization of retinotopic organization in human primary visual cortex. Journal of Neuroscience Methods, 161, 142-154.
41. Ito, M., & Gilbert, C., D. (1999). Attention modulates contextual influences in the primary visual cortex of alert monkeys. Neuron, 22, 593-604.
42. Itti, L., Koch, C., & Braun, J. (2000). Revisiting spatial vision, toward a unifying model. Journal of the Optical Society of America A, 17, 1899-1917.
43. Jeffreys, D. A., & Axford, J. G. (1972). Source locations of pattern-specific components of human visual evoked potentials: I. Component of striate cortical origin. Experimental Brain Research, 16, 1-21.
44. Kastner, S., De Weerd, P., Desimone, R., & Ungerleider, L. G. (1998). Mechanisms of directed attention in the human extrastriate cortex as revealed by functional MRI. Science, 282, 108-111.
45. Kastner, S., de Weerd, P., Pinsk, M. A., Elizondo, M. I., Desimone, R., & Ungerleider, L. G. (2001). Modulation of sensory suppression, Implications for receptive field sizes in the human visual cortex. Journal of Neurophysiology, 86, 1398-1411.
46. Kastner, S., Pinsk, M. A., De Weerd, P., Desimone, R., & Ungerleider, L. G. (1999). Increased activity in human visual cortex during directed attention in the absence of visual stimulation. Neuron, 22, 751-761.
47. Kelly, S. P., Gomez-Ramirez, M., & Foxe, J. J. (2008). Spatial attention modulates initial afferent activity in human primary visual cortex. Cerebral Cortex, 18, 2629-2636.
48. Khayat, P. S., Sekreijse, H., & Roelfsema, P. R. (2006). Attention lights up new object representations before the old ones fade away. Journal of Neuroscience, 26, 138-142.
49. Kim, Y. J., Grabowecky, M., Paller, K. A., Muthu, K., & Suzuki, S. (2007). Attention induces synchronizationbased response gain in steady-state visual evoked potentials. Nature Neuroscience, 10, 117-125.
50. Kleinschmidt, A., & Müller, N. G. (2010). The blind, the lame, and the poor signals of brain functionVA comment on Sirotin and Das (2009). NeuroImage, 50, 622-625.
51. Lakatos, P., Karmos, G., Mehta, A. D., Ulbert, I., & Schroeder, C. E. (2008). Entrainment of neuronal oscillations as a mechanism of attentional selection. Science, 320, 110-113.
52. Lauritzen, T. Z., D'Esposito, M., Heeger, D. J., & Silver, M. A. (2009). Top-down flow of visual spatial attention signals from parietal to occipital cortex. Journal of Vision, 9(13):18, 1-14, http://www.journalofvision.org/content/9/13/18, doi:10.1167/9.13.18.
53. Lee, J., & Maunsell, J. H. R. (2009). A Normalization model of attentional modulation of single unit responses. PLoS One, 4, e4651.
54. Li, X., Lu, Z., Tjan, B. S., Dosher, B. A., & Chu, W. (2008). Blood oxygenation level-dependent contrast response functions identify mechanisms of covert attention in early visual areas. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 105, 6202-6207.
55. Liu, J., & Wandell, B. A. (2005). Specializations for chromatic and temporal signals in human visual cortex. Journal of Neuroscience, 25, 3459-3468.
56. Logothetis, N. K. (2008). What we can do and what we cannot do with fMRI. Nature, 453, 869-878.
57. Lu, Z. L., & Dosher, B. A. (2008). Characterizing observers using external noise and observer models, assessing internal representations with external noise. Psychological Review, 115, 44-82.
58. Liu, A. K., Dale, A. M., & Belliveau, J. W. (2002). Monte Carlo simulation studies of EEG and MEG localization accuracy. Human Brain Mapping, 16, 47-62.
59. Luck, S. J., Chelazzi, L., Hillyard, S. A., & Desimone, R. (1997). Neural mechanisms of spatial selective attention in areas V1, V2, and V4 of macaque visual cortex. Journal of Neurophysiology, 77, 24-42.
60. Luck, S. J., Hillyard, S. A., Mouloua, M., Woldorff, M. G., Clark, V. P., & Hawkins, H. L. (1994). Effects of spatial cuing on luminance detectability, psychophysical and electrophysiological evidence for early selection. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 20, 887-904.
61. Maier, A., Wilke, M., Aura, C., Zhu, C., Ye, F. Q., & Leopold, D. A. (2008). Divergence of fMRI and neural signals in V1 during perceptual suppression in the awake monkey. Nature Neuroscience, 11, 1193-1200.
62. Mangun, G. R., Hillyard, S. A., & Luck, S. J. (1993). Electrocortical substrates of visual selective attention. In D. Meyer & S. Kornblum (Eds.), Attention and performance XIV (pp. 219-243). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
63. Marcus, D. S., & van Essen, D. C. (2002). Scene segmentation and attention in primate cortical areas V1 and V2. Journal of Neurophysiology, 88, 2648-2658.
64. Martinez, A., Anllo-Vento, L., Sereno, M. I., Frank, L. R., Buxton, R. B., Dubowitz, D. J., et al. (1999). Involvement of striate and extrastriate visual cortical areas in spatial attention. Nature Neuroscience, 2, 364-369.
65. Martínez-Trujillo, J. C., & Treue, S. (2002). Attentional modulation strength in cortical area MT depends on stimulus contrast. Neuron, 35, 365-370.
66. Maunsell, J. H. R., & Cook, E. P. (2002). The role of attention in visual processing. Philosophical Transaction of the Royal Society of London B, 357, 1063-1072.
67. McAdams, C. J., & Maunsell, J. H. R. (1999). Effects of attention on orientation-tuning functions of single neurons in macaque cortical area V4. Journal of Neuroscience, 19, 431-441.
68. McAdams, C. J., & Maunsell, J. H. R. (2000). Attention to both space and feature modulates neuronal responses in macaque area V4. Journal of Neurophysiology, 83, 1751-1755.
69. McAdams, C. J., & Reid, R. C. (2005). Attention modulates the responses of simple cells in monkey primary visual cortex. Journal of Neuroscience, 25, 11023-11033.
70. Mehta, A. D., Ulbert, I., & Schroeder, C. E. (2000). Intermodal selective attention in monkeys: I. Distribution and timing of effects across visual areas. Cerebral Cortex, 10, 343-358.
71. Mesulam, M.-M. (1999). Spatial attention and neglect, parietal, frontal and cingulate contributions to the mental representation and attentional targeting of salient extrapersonal events. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences, 354, 1325-1346.
72. Mitchell, J. F., Sundberg, K. A., & Reynolds, J. H. (2007). Differential attention-dependent response modulation across cell classes in macaque visual area V4. Neuron, 55, 131-141.
73. Mitchell, J. F., Sundberg, K. A., & Reynolds, J. H. (2009). Spatial attention decorrelates intrinsic activity fluctuations in macaque area V4. Neuron, 63, 879-888.
74. Monto, S., Palva, S., Voipio, J., & Palva, J. M. (2008). Very slow EEG fluctuations predict the dynamics of stimulus detection and oscillation amplitudes in humans. Journal of Neuroscience, 28, 8268-8272.
75. Moran, J., & Desimone, R. (1985). Selective attention gates the visual processing in extrastriate cortex. Science, 229, 782-784.
76. Morgan, S. T., Hansen, J. C., & Hillyard, S. A. (1996). Selective attention to stimulus location modulates the steady-state visual evoked potential. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 93, 4770-4774.
77. Morrone,M.C.,Denti,V.,&Spinelli, D. (2004). Different attentional resources modulate the gain mechanisms for color and luminance contrast. Vision Research, 44, 1389-1401.
78. Motter, B. C. (1993). Focal attention produces spatially selective processing in visual cortical areas V1, V2, and V4 in the presence of competing stimuli. Journal of Neurophysiology, 70, 909-919.
79. Müller, M. M., Malinowski, P., & Hillyard, S. A. (2003). Sustained division of the attentional spotlight. Nature, 424, 309-312.
80. Müller, M. M., Teder-Sälejärvi, W., & Hillyard, S. A. (1998). The time course of cortical facilitation during cued shifts of spatial attention. Nature Neuroscience, 7, 631-634.
81. Murray, S. O. (2008). The effects of spatial attention in early human visual cortex are stimulus independent. Journal of Vision, 8(10):2, 1-11, http://www.journalofvision.org/content/8/10/2, doi:10.1167/8.10.2.
82. Nelder, J. A., & Mead, R. (1965). A simplex method for functional minimization. Computer Journal, 7, 308-313.
83. Noesselt, T., Hillyard, S. A., Woldorff, M. G., Schoenfeld, A., Hagner, T., Jancke, L., et al. (2002). Delayed striate cortical activation during spatial attention. Neuron, 35, 575-587.
84. Olshausen, B. A., & Field, D. F. (2005). How close are we to understanding V1? Neural Computation, 17, 1665-1699.
85. Pestelli, F., Ling, S., & Carrasco, M. (2009). A population-coding model of attention's influence on contrast response: Estimating neural effects from psychophysics data. Vision Research, 49, 1144-1153.
86. Poghosyan, V., & Ioannides, A. A. (2008). Attention modulates earliest responses in the primary auditory and visual cortices. Neuron, 58, 802-813.
87. Regan, D. (1989). Human brain electrophysiology: Evoked potentials and evoked magnetic fields in science and medicine. New York: Elsevier.
88. Ress, D., Backus, B. T., & Heeger, D. J. (2000). Activity in primary visual cortex predicts performance in a visual detection task. Nature Neuroscience, 3, 940-945.
89. Ress, D., & Heeger, D. J. (2003). Neuronal correlates of perception in early visual cortex. Nature Neuroscience, 6, 414-420.
90. Reynolds, J. H., & Chelazzi, L. (2004). Attentional modulation of visual processing. Annual Review of Neuroscience, 27, 611-647.
91. Reynolds, J. H., & Heeger, D. J. (2009). The normalization model of attention. Neuron, 61, 168-182.
92. Reynolds, J. H., Pasternak, T., & Desimone, R. (2000). Attention increases sensitivity in V4 neurons. Neuron, 26, 703-714.
93. Roelfsema, P. R., Lamme, V. A. F., & Spekreijse, H. (1998). Object-based attention in the primary visual cortex of the macaque monkey. Nature, 395, 376-381.
94. Sapir, A., d'Avossa, G., McAvoy, M., Shulman, G. L., & Corbetta, M. (2005). Brain signals for spatial attention predict performance in a motion discrimination task. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 102, 17810-17815.
95. Schroeder, C. E., & Lakatos, P. (2008). Low-frequency neuronal oscillation as instruments of sensory selection. Trends in Neurosciences, 32, 9-18.
96. Seidemann, E., & Newsome, W. T. (1999). Effect of spatial attention on the responses of area MT neurons. Journal of Neurophysiology, 81, 1783-1794.
97. Shulman, G. L., McAvoy, M. P., Cowan, M. C., Astafiev, S. V., Tansy, A. P., d'Avossa, G., et al. (2003). Quantitative analysis of attention and detection signals during visual search. Journal of Neurophysiology, 90, 3384-3397.
98. Silver, M. A., Ress, D., & Heeger, D. J. (2005). Topographic maps of visual spatial attention in human parietal cortex. Journal of Neurophysiology, 94, 1358-1371.
99. Silver, M. A., Ress, D., & Heeger, D. J. (2007). Neural correlates of sustained spatial attention in human early visual cortex. Journal of Neurophysiology, 97, 229-237.
100. Sirotin, Y. B., & Das, A. (2009). Anticipatory haemodynamic signals in sensory cortex not predicted by local neuronal activity. Nature, 457, 475-479.
101. Smith, A. T., Singh, K. D., Williams, A. L., & Greenlee, M. W. (2001). Estimating receptive field size from fMRI data in human striate and extrastriate visual cortex. Cerebral Cortex, 11, 1182-1190.
102. Somers, D. C., Dale, A. M., Seiffert, A. E., & Tootell, R. B. H. (1999). Functional fMRI reveals spatially specific attentional modulation in human primary visual cortex. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 96, 1663-1668.
103. Sperling, G., & Melchner, M. J. (1978). The attention operating characteristic, examples from visual search. Science, 202, 315-318.
104. Thiele, A. Pooresmaeili, A., Delicato, L. S., Herrero, J. L., & Roelfsema, P. R. (2009). Additive effects of attention and stimulus contrast in primary visual cortex. Cerebral Cortex, 19, 2970-2981.
105. Tootell, R. B. H., & Hadjikhani, N. (2001). Where is 'dorsal V4' in human visual cortex? Retinotopic, topographic and functional evidence. Cerebral Cortex, 11, 298-311.
106. Tootell, R. B. H., Hadjikhani, N., Hall, E. K., Marrett, S., Vanduffel, W., Vaughan, J. T., et al. (1998). The retinotopy of visual spatial attention. Neuron, 21, 1409-1422.
107. Tootell, R. B. H., Reppas, J. B., Kwong, K. K., Malach, R., Born, R. T., Brady, T. J., et al. (1995). Functional analysis of human MT and related visual cortical areas using magnetic resonance imaging. Journal of Neuroscience, 15, 3215-3230.
108. Treue, S., & Martínez-Trujillo, J. C. (1999). Feature-based attention influences motion processing gain in macaque visual cortex. Nature, 399, 575-579.
109. Verghese, P. (2001). Visual search and attention: A signal detection theory approach. Neuron, 31, 523-535.
110. Wade, A. R., Augath, M., Logothetis, N. K., & Wandell, B. A. (2008). fMRI measurements of color in human and macaque. Journal of Vision, 8(10):6, 1-19, http://www.journalofvision.org/content/8/10/6, doi:10.1167/8.10.6.
111. Wade, A. R., Brewer, A. A., Rieger, J. W., & Wandell, B. A. (2002). Functional measurements of human ventral occipital cortex: Retinotopy and colour. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences, 357, 963-973.
112. Wade, A. R., & Rowland, J. (2010). Early suppressive mechanisms and the negative blood oxygenation level-dependent response in human visual cortex. Journal of Neuroscience, 30, 5008-5019.
113. Williford, T., & Maunsell, J. H. R. (2006). Effects of spatial attention on contrast response functions in macaque area V4. Journal of Neurophysiology, 96, 40-54.
114. Womelsdorf, T., Anton-Erxleben, K., Pieper, F., & Treue, S. (2006). Dynamic shifts of visual receptive fields in cortical area MT by spatial attention. Nature Neuroscience, 9, 1156-1160.
115. Yoshor, D., Ghose, G. M., Bosking, W. H., Sun, P., & Maunsell, J. H. R. (2007). Spatial attention does not strongly modulate neuronal responses in early human visual cortex. Journal of Neuroscience, 27, 13205-13209.