Diamagnetic levitation enhances growth of liquid bacterial cultures by increasing oxygen availability

Journal of the Royal Society Interface

Volumn 8, Issue 56, 2011, Pages 334-344

  Dijkstra, Camelia E ^a   Larkin, Oliver J ^a   Anthony, Paul ^a   Davey, Michael R ^a   Eaves, Laurence ^a   Rees, Catherine E D ^a   Hill, Richard J A ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NOTTINGHAM   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Bacterial growth; Convection; Diamagnetic levitation; Sedimentation; Simulated microgravity; Weightlessness

Indexed keywords

BACTERIOLOGY; CELL CULTURE; LIQUIDS; MAGNETIC FIELDS; MAGNETIC LEVITATION; MICROGRAVITY PROCESSING; PARAMAGNETISM; POPULATION STATISTICS; SUPERCONDUCTING MAGNETS; WEIGHTLESSNESS;

AEROBIC PHASIS; BACTERIAL CULTURES; BACTERIAL GROWTH; CONVECTION; DIAMAGNETIC LEVITATION; EARTH ORBITS; LIQUID CULTURE; LIVING ORGANISMS; MICROARRAY GENES; PHYSICAL PHENOMENA; POPULATION GROWTH; SEDIMENTATION RATES; SIMULATED MICROGRAVITY; STRONG MAGNETIC FIELDS; THEORETICAL MODELS; WEIGHTLESS ENVIRONMENT;

DISSOLVED OXYGEN;

DISSOLVED OXYGEN;

AEROBIC BACTERIUM; BACTERIAL GROWTH; BACTERIUM CULTURE; CELL FUNCTION; CONTROLLED STUDY; DNA MICROARRAY; GROWTH RATE; LIQUID CULTURE; MAGNETIC FIELD; MICROARRAY ANALYSIS; NONHUMAN; OXYGEN CONSUMPTION; OXYGEN TRANSPORT; REVIEW; SEDIMENTATION RATE; WEIGHTLESSNESS;

BACTERIA (MICROORGANISMS);

EID: 79251486999     PISSN: 17425689     EISSN: 17425662     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2010.0294     Document Type: Review

References (51)

1. Cogoli, A. 2006 Cell biology. In Fundamentals of space biology: research on cells, animals, and plants in space (eds G. Clément & K. Slenzka). Space Technology Library, vol. 18, pp. 121-170. El Segundo, CA: Microcosm Press/Springer.
2. van Loon, J. J. W. A. 2007 The gravity environment in space experiments. In Biology in space and life on earth: effects of spaceflight on biological systems (ed. E. Brinckmann), pp. 17-32. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH.
3. Beaugnon, E. & Tournier, R. 1991 Levitation of water and organic substances in high static magnetic-fields. J. Phys. III 1, 1423-1428. (doi:10.1051/jp3:1991199)
4. Berry, M. V. & Geim, A. K. 1997 Of flying frogs and levitrons. Eur. J. Phys. 18, 307-313. (doi:10.1088/0143-0807/18/4/012)
5. Valles Jr, J. M., Lin, K., Denegre, J. M. & Mowry, K. L. 1997 Stable magnetic field gradient levitation of Xenopus laevis: toward low-gravity simulation. Biophys. J. 73, 1130-1133. (doi:10.1016/S0006-3495(97)78145-1) (Pubitemid 27337647)
6. Simon, M. D. & Geim, A. K. 2000 Diamagnetic levitation: flying frogs and floating magnets. J. Appl. Phys. 87, 6200-6204. (doi:10.1063/1.372654)
7. Beaugnon, E., Fabregue, D., Billy, D., Nappa, J. & Tournier, R. 2001 Dynamics of magnetically levitated droplets. Physica B 294, 715-720. (doi:10.1016/S0921-4526(00)00750-X)
8. Liu, Y., Zhu, D-M., Strayer, D. M. & Israelsson, U. E. 2010 Magnetic levitation of large water droplets and mice. Adv. Space Res. 45, 208-213. (doi:10.1016/j.asr.2009.08.033)
9. Guevorkian, K. & Valles, J. M. 2006 Swimming Paramecium in magnetically simulated enhanced, reduced, and inverted gravity environments. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 103, 13 051-13 056. (doi:10.1073/pnas.0601839103)
10. Coleman, C. B., Gonzalez-Villalobos, R. A., Allen, P. L., Johanson, K., Guevorkian, K., Valles, J. M. & Hammond, T. G. 2007 Diamagnetic levitation changes growth, cell cycle, and gene expression of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 98, 854-863. (doi:10.1002/bit.21526)
11. Babbick, M., Dijkstra, C., Larkin, O. J., Anthony, P., Davey, M. R., Power, J. B., Lowe, K. C., Cogoli-Greuter, M. & Hampp, R. 2007 Expression of transcription factors after short term exposure of Arabidopsis thaliana cell cultures to hypergravity and simulated microgravity (2-D/3-D clinorotation, magnetic levitation). Adv. Space Res. 39, 1182-1189. (doi:10.1016/j.asr.2007.01. 001)
12. Wilson, J. W. et al. 2007 Space flight alters bacterial gene expression and virulence and reveals a role for global regulator Hfq. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 104, 16 299-16 304. (doi:10.1073/pnas.0707155104)
13. Ikehata, M., Iwasaka, M., Miyakoshi, J., Ueno, S. & Koana, T. 2003 Effects of intense magnetic fields on sedimentation pattern and gene expression profile in budding yeast. J. Appl. Phys. 93, 6724-6726. (doi:10.1063/1.1556929)
14. Glade, N., Beaugnon, E. & Tabony, J. 2006 Ground-based methods reproduce space-flight experiments and show that weak vibrations trigger microtubule self-organisation. Biophys. Chem. 121, 1-6. (doi:10.1016/j.bpc.2005. 12.001)
15. Qian, A. S., Di Gao, X., Zhang,W., Tian, Z., Li, J., Hu, L., Yang, P., Yin, D. & Shang, P. 2009 cDNA microarray reveals the alterations of cytoskeleton-related genes in osteoblast under high magneto-gravitational environment. Acta Biochim. Biophys. Sin. 41, 561-577. (doi:10.1093/abbs/gmp041)
16. Hill, R. J. A. & Eaves, L. 2008 Nonaxisymmetric shapes of a magnetically levitated and spinning water droplet. Phys. Rev. Lett. 101, 234501. (doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.101.234501)
17. Hill, R. J. A. & Eaves, L. 2010 Vibrations of a diamagnetically levitated water droplet. Phys. Rev. E 81, 056312. (doi:10.1103/PhysRevE.81. 056312)
18. Kubitschek, H. E. 1986 Increase in cell mass during the division cycle of E. coli B/rA. J. Bacteriol. 168, 613-618.
19. Tanimoto, Y., Fujiwara, M., Sueda, M., Inoue, K. & Akita, M. 2005 Magnetic levitation of plastic chips: applications for magnetic susceptibility measurement and magnetic separation. Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 44, 6801-6803. (doi:10.1143/JJAP.44.6801)
20. Denegre, J. M., Valles Jr, J. M., Lin, K., Jordan, W. B. & Mowry, K. L. 1998 Cleavage planes in frog eggs are altered by strong magnetic fields. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 95, 14 729-14 732. (doi:10.1073/pnas.95.25.14729)
21. Valles Jr, J. M. 2002 Model of magnetic field-induced mitotic apparatus reorientation in frog eggs. Biophys. J. 82, 1260-1265. (doi:10.1016/S0006- 3495(02)75482-9)
22. Hill, R. J. A., Sedman, V. L., Allen, S.,Williams, P., Paoli, M., Adler-Abramovich, L., Gazit, E., Eaves, L. & Tendler, S. J. B. 2007 Alignment of aromatic peptide tubes in strong magnetic fields. Adv. Mater. 19, 4474-4479. (doi:10.1002/adma.200700590)
23. Steiner, U. & Ulrich, T. 1989 Magnetic field effects in chemical kinetics and related phenomena. Chem. Rev. 89, 51-147 and references therein. (doi:10.1021/cr00091a003)
24. Valles Jr, J. M., Maris, H. J., Seidel, G. M., Tang, J. & Yao, W. 2005 Magnetic levitation-based martian and lunar gravity simulator. Adv. Space Res. 36, 114-118. (doi:10.1016/j.asr.2005.01.081)
25. Atlung, T., Knudsen, K., Heerfordt, L. & Brøndsted, L. 1997 Effects of sigma(S) and the transcriptional activator AppY on induction of the Escherichia coli hya and cbdAB-appA operons in response to carbon and phosphate starvation. J. Bacteriol. 179, 2141-2146. (Pubitemid 27146866)
26. Cotter, P. A. & Gunsalus, R. P. 1992 Contribution of the fnr and arcA gene-products in coordinate regulation of cytochrome-o and cytochrome-d oxidase (cyoABCDE and cydAB) genes in Escherichia coli. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 91, 31-36. (doi:10.1111/j.1574-6968.1992.tb05179.x)
27. Ueno, S. & Iwasaka, M. 1994 Properties of diamagnetic fluid in high gradient magnetic fields. J. Appl. Phys. 75, 7177-7179. (doi:10.1063/1.356686)
28. Hirota, N., Ikezoe, Y., Uetake, H., Nakagawa, J. & Kitazawa, K. 2000 Magnetic field effect on the kinetics of oxygen dissolution into water. Mater. Trans. JIM 41, 976-980.
29. Kishioka, S., Yamada, A. & Aogaki, R. 2000 Analysis of gas dissociation rate into liquid phase under magnetic field gradient. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 2, 4179-4183. (doi:10.1039/b003472j)
30. Kitazawa, K., Hirota, N., Ikezoe, Y., Uetake, H., Kaihatsu, T. & Takayama, T. 2002 Magneto-convection processes observed in non-magnetic liquid-gas system. Riken Rev. 44, 156.
31. Iwasaka, M., Yamamoto, K., Ando, J. & Ueno, S. 2003 Verification of magnetic field gradient effects on medium convection and cell adhesion. J. Appl. Phys. 93, 6715-6717. (doi:10.1063/1.1558632)
32. Peng, Z. M., Wang, J., Huang, Y. J. & Chen, Q. W. 2004 Magnetic field-induced increasing of the reaction rates controlled by the diffusion of paramagnetic gases. Chem. Eng. Technol. 27, 1273-1276. (doi:10.1002/ceat. 200402139)
33. Ikezoe, Y., Hirota, N., Nakagawa, J. & Kitazawa, K. 1998 Making water levitate. Nature 393, 749-750. (doi:10.1038/31619)
34. Catherall, A. T., Eaves, L., King, P. J. & Booth, S. R. 2003 Magnetic levitation: floating gold in cryogenic oxygen. Nature 422, 579. (doi:10.1038/422579a)
35. Catherall, A. T., Lopez-Alcaraz, P., Benedict, K. A., King, P. J. & Eaves, L. 2005 Cryogenically enhanced magneto-Archimedes levitation. New J. Phys. 7, 118-128. (doi:10.1088/1367-2630/7/1/118)
36. Lopez-Alcaraz, P., Catherall, A. T., Hill, R. J. A., Leaper, M. C., Swift, M. R. & King, P. J. 2007 Magneto-vibratory separation of glass and bronze granular mixtures immersed in a paramagnetic fluid. Eur. Phys. J. E 24, 145-156. (doi:10.1140/epje/i2007-10225-1)
37. Ueno, S. 1989 Quenching of flames by magnetic fields. J. Appl. Phys. 65, 1243-1245. (doi:10.1063/1.343016)
38. Aoyagi, S., Yano, A., Yanagida, Y., Tanihira, E., Tagawa, A. & Iimoto, M. 2006 Control of chemical reaction involving dissolved oxygen using magnetic field gradient. Chem. Phys. 331, 137-141. (doi:10.1016/j.chemphys.2006. 10.006)
39. 2O. Appl. Phys. Lett. 87, 214105. (doi:10.1063/1.2133894)
40. Heijna, M. C. R., Poodt, P. W. G., Tsukamoto, K., de Grip, W. J., Christianen, P. C. M., Maan, J. C., Hendrix, J. L. A., van Enckevort, W. J. P. & Vlieg, E. 2007 Magnetically controlled gravity for protein crystal growth. Appl. Phys. Lett. 90, 264105. (doi:10.1063/1.2752718)
41. Weast, R. 1972 Handbook of chemistry and physics, 53rd edn. Cleveland, OH: CRC Press.
42. Faber, T. E. 1995 Fluid dynamics for physicists. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
43. Wilke, C. R. & Chang, P. 1955 Correlation of diffusion coefficients in dilute solutions. AIChE J. 1, 264-270. (doi:10.1002/aic.690010222)
44. Poodt, P. W. G., Heijna, M. C. R., Christianen, P. C. M., van Enckevort, W. J. P., de Grip, W. J., Tsukamoto, K., Maan, J. C. & Vlieg, E. 2006 Using gradient magnetic fields to suppress convection during crystal growth. Cryst. Growth Des. 6, 2275-2280. (doi:10.1021/cg0600546)
45. Nakamura, H., Takayama, T., Uetake, H., Hirota, N. & Kitazawa, K. 2005 Magnetically controlled convection in a diamagnetic fluid. Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 144501. (doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.94.144501)
46. Marrero, T. R. & Mason, E. A. 1972 Gaseous diffusion coefficients. J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 1, 3-118. (doi:10.1063/1.3253094)
47. Benson, B. B. & Krause Jr, D. 1980 The concentration and isotopic fractionation of gases dissolved in freshwater in equilibrium with the atmosphere. 1. Oxygen. Limnol. Oceanogr. 25, 662-671. (doi:10.4319/lo.1980.25.4. 0662)
48. Chen, J., Tannahill, A. L. & Shuler, M. L. 1985 Design of a system for the control of low dissolved oxygen concentrations: critical oxygen concentrations for Azobacter vinelandii and Escherichia coli. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 27, 151-155. (doi:10.1002/bit.260270208)
49. Guerin, T. F., Mondido, M., McClenn, B. & Peasley, B. 2001 Application of resazurin for estimating abundance of contaminant-degrading organisms. Lett. Appl. Microbiol. 32, 340-345. (doi:10.1046/j.1472-765X.2001. 00916.x)
50. Bovallius, Å. & Zacharias, B. 1971 Variations in the metal content of some commercial media and their effect on microbial growth. Appl. Microbiol. 22, 260-262.
51. Beuls, E., Van Houdt, R., Leys, N., Dijkstra, C. E., Larkin, O. J. & Mahillon, J. 2009 Bacillus thuringiensis conjugation in simulated microgravity. Astrobiology 9, 797-805. (doi:10.1089/ast.2009.0383)