Pharmacokinetics of xylazine, 2,6-dimethylaniline, and tolazoline in tissues from yearling cattle and milk from mature dairy cows after sedation with xylazine hydrochloride and reversal with tolazoline hydrochloride

Veterinary Therapeutics

Volumn 4, Issue 2, 2003, Pages

  Delehant, Todd ^a   Denhart, Joseph ^a   Lloyd, W ^a   Powell, J ^a  

^a Lloyd Inc   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BOS;

EID: 79251471137     PISSN: 15283593     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (13)

1. Adams HR: Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics, ed 7. Ames, IA, Iowa State University Press, 1995, pp 331-338.
2. Thurmon JC, Sarr R, Denhart JW: Xylazine sedation antagonized with tolazoline. Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet (suppl) 21(1):S11-S19, 1999.
3. Chamberlain PL, Brynes SD: The regulatory status of xylazine for use in food-producing animals in the United States. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 21:322-329, 1998.
4. Thurmon JC, Tranquilli WJ, Benson GJ: Preanesthetics and anesthetic adjuncts, in: Lumb & Jones' Veterinary Anesthesia. Baltimore, Williams & Wilkins, 1996, p 197.
5. Salonen JS: Chemistry and pharmacokinetics of the a -adrenoreceptor agonists, in Short CE, Poznak AV (eds): Animal Pain. New York, Churchill Livingstone, 1992, pp 191-196.
6. Short CE: Principles and Practice of Veterinary Anesthesia. Baltimore, Williams & Wilkins, 1987.
7. Powell JD, Denhart JW, Lloyd WE: Effectiveness of tolazoline in reversing xylazine-induced sedation in calves. JAVMA 212:90-92, 1998.
8. Gilman AG, Rall TW, Nies AS, Taylor P: Adrenergic receptor antagonists, in: Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. New York, Pergamon Press, 1990, pp 225-226.
9. Brodie BB, Aronow L, Axelrod J: The fate of benzazoline (Priscoline) in dog and man and a method for its estimation in biological material. J Pharmacol Ther 106:200-207, 1952.
10. Committee for Veterinary Medicinal Products, Veterinary Medicines Evaluation Unit, The European Agency for the Evaluation of Medicinal Products: Xylazine Hydrochloride: Summary Report. EMEA publication MRL/611/99, London, UK, June 1999.
11. Collier S: Validation of the method for the analysis of tolazoline, xylazine, and 2,6-dimethylaniline residues in bovine tissue and milk [unpublished report]. Upper Hutt, New Zealand, National Chemical Residue Laboratory, 2000.
12. Craigmill AL, Sundlof SF, Riviere JE: Handbook of Comparative Pharmacokinetics and Residues of Veterinary Therapeutic Drugs. Boca Raton, FL, CRC Press, 1994, pp 3, 4, 24.
13. Agricultural Compounds and Veterinary Medicines Group. Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, New Zealand. Withholding period approval numbers A07422 (AnaSed Injection) and A06810 (Tolazine Injection). Sponsors: Lloyd Laboratories NZ, Ltd. and LLOYD, Inc. of Iowa. Residue submission package approved 17 May 2002.