National Inventory of Landscapes in Sweden (NILS)-scope, design, and experiences from establishing a multiscale biodiversity monitoring system

Environmental Monitoring and Assessment

Volumn 173, Issue 1-4, 2011, Pages 579-595

  Ståhl, Göran ^a   Allard, Anna ^a   Esseen, Per Anders ^b   Glimskär, Anders ^a   Ringvall, Anna ^a   Svensson, Johan ^a   Sundquist, Sture ^a   Christensen, Pernilla ^a   Torell, Åsa Gallegos ^a   Högström, Mats ^a   Lagerqvist, Kjell ^a   Marklund, Liselott ^a   Nilsson, Björn ^a   Inghe, Ola ^c  

^a SWEDISH UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES   (Sweden)

^b UMEÅ UNIVERSITY   (Sweden)

^c SWEDISH ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY   (Sweden)

Author keywords

Aerial photo interpretation; Field survey; Land cover; Landscape changes; Landscape pattern

Indexed keywords

AERIAL PHOTO INTERPRETATION; FIELD SURVEYS; LAND COVER; LANDSCAPE CHANGES; LANDSCAPE PATTERN;

BIODIVERSITY; ECOLOGY; GEOMORPHOLOGY; LANDFORMS; SURVEYS;

AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY;

AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY; BIODIVERSITY; DATA INTERPRETATION; ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING; FIELD SURVEY; FOREST INVENTORY; IMAGE PROCESSING; LAND COVER; LANDSCAPE CHANGE; LANDSCAPE PROTECTION; MONITORING SYSTEM; STAKEHOLDER;

ARTICLE; BIODIVERSITY; DATA ANALYSIS; ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT; ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING; HABITAT STRUCTURE; LAND USE; LANDSCAPE; PEATLAND; POLICY; SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT; SWEDEN; VEGETATION; WETLAND;

BIODIVERSITY; CONSERVATION OF NATURAL RESOURCES; ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING; SWEDEN;

SWEDEN;

EID: 79151479026     PISSN: 01676369     EISSN: 15732959     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10661-010-1406-7     Document Type: Article

References (68)

1. O Ahlqvist 2008 In search of classification that supports the dynamics of science: The FAO land cover classification system and proposed modifications Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design 35 169 186 10.1068/b3344
2. Allard, A. (2003). Vegetation changes in mountainous areas-A monitoring methodology based on interpretation of aerial photos, high-resolution satellite images and on field investigations (no. 27, p. 111). Ph.D. thesis in Geography, With Emphasis on Physical Geography and Quaternary Geology, Stockholm University.
3. Allard, A.; Nilsson, B.; Pramborg, K.; Ståhl, G.; & Sundquist, S. (2005). Manual for aerial photo interpretation in the National Inventory of Landscapes in Sweden, NILS, year 2003 (p. 96). Technical Report, Department of Forest Resource Management, SLU, Umeå, Sweden.
4. Allard, A.; Esseen, P.-A.; Holm, S.; Högström, M.; Marklund, L.; Nilsson, B.; et al. (2007). Fångst av vegetationsdata och Natura 2000-habitat i fjällen genom flygbildstolkning med punktgittermetodik (in Swedish) (p. 47). [Capture of vegetation data and Natura 2000 habitats in the mountainous areas using aerial photo interpretation and point grid methodology]. Work report 171, Department of Forest Resource Management, SLU, Umeå, Sweden.
5. Anonymous (2000). Skogsdata 2000. Aktuella uppgifter om de svenska skogarna från Riksskogstaxeringen (in Swedish) (110 pp.). [Forest data 2000. Current information on the Swedish forests from the National Forest Inventory]. Department of Forest Resource Management, SLU, Umeå, Sweden.
6. Anonymous (2008). Seventh framework programme, Theme 6. European biodiversity observation network: Design of a plan for an integrated biodiversity observing system in space and time, EBONE (p. 84). Annex I-"Description of Work", A collaborative project for Environment (Including Climate Change).
7. Barr, C. J.; Bunce, R. G. H.; Clarke, R. T.; Firbank, L. G.; Gillespie, M. K.; Howard, D. C.; et al. (2003). Methodology of countryside survey 2000 module 1: Survey of broad habitats and landscape features, final report (p. 117). Contract report to Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs from the Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Cumbria, England.
8. Brandt, J.; Holmes, E.; & Agger, P. (2001). Integrated monitoring on a landscape scale-Lessons from Denmark. In G. Groom & T. Reed (Eds.), Strategic landscape for the Nordic countries, Nordic Council of Ministers (chapter 4, p. 128). TemaNord Environment.
9. J Brandt RGH Bunce DC Howard S Petit 2002 General principles of monitoring land cover change based on two case studies in Britain and Denmark Landscape and Urban Planning 62 37 51 10.1016/S0169-2046(02)00095-6
10. Bunce, R. G. H.; Groom, G. B.; Jongman, R. H. G.; & Padoa-Schioppa, E. (Eds.). (2005). Handbook for surveillance and monitoring of European habitats (1st ed.; p. 107). Alterra-rapport 1219, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
11. RGH Bunce M Pérez-Soba V Gómez-Sanz JM García del Barrio R Elena-Rosselló 2006 European framework for surveillance and monitoring of habitats: A methodological approach for Spain Investigación Agraria: Sistemas y Recursos Forestales 15 3 249 261
12. RGH Bunce MJ Metzger RHG Jongman J Brandt G de Blust R Elena-Rossello, et al. 2008 A standardized procedure for surveillance and monitoring European habitats and provision of spatial data Landscape Ecology 23 11 25 10.1007/s10980-007-9173-8
13. C Bühler 2006 Biodiversity monitoring in Switzerland: What can we learn for general surveillance of GM crops? J Verbr Lebensm 1 1 37 41 10.1007/s00003-006-0067-5
14. Christensen, P.; Glimskär, A.; Hedblom, M.; & Ringvall, A. (2008). Myrarnas areal och vegetation: Skattningar från provytedata i NILS 2003-2007 (in Swedish) (p. 32). [Area and vegetation of mires: Estimations from permanent plot data in NILS 2003-2007]. Work Report 237, Department of Forest Resource management, SLU, Umeå, Sweden.
15. Christensen, P.; & Ringvall, A. (in preparation). Evaluation of a large-scale environmental programme in Sweden: How small environmental changes are detectable.
16. Commission of the European Communities (1994). Corine land cover. Retrieved from http://reports.eea.europa.eu/COR0-landcover/en.
17. Council of Europe (2000). European landscape convention (p. 8). European Treaty Series No. 176, Florence, Italy.
18. Davies, C. E.; Moss, D.; & Hill M. O. (2004). EUNIS habitat classification revised 2004 (307 pp.). European Environmental Agency, European Topic Centre for Nature Protection and Biodiversity. Retrieved from http://eunis.eea.europa.eu/upload/EUNIS-2004-report.pdf.
19. De Vries, P. G. (1986). Sampling theory for forest inventory (p. 399). New York: Springer.
20. Di Gregorio, A.; & Janssen, L. J. M. (2005). Land Cover Classification System (LCCS), version 2. Classification concepts and user manual (p. 208). FAO, Environmental and Natural Resources Series, No. 8. Rome.
21. Esseen, P.-A.; Glimskär, A.; Moen, J.; Söderström, B.; & Weibull, A.-C. (2004). Analys av informationsbehov för Stickprovsvis Landskapsövervakning (SLÖ) (in Swedish) (p. 73). [Analysis of information needs for Sample-based Landscape Monitoring (SLÖ)]. Work Report 132, Department of Forest Resource Management, SLU, Umeå, Sweden.
22. Esseen, P. A.; Glimskär, A.; Ståhl, G.; & Sundquist, S. (2007a). Field instruction for National Inventory of Landscapes in Sweden, NILS, year 2007 (p. 194). Umeå: SLU, Department of Forest Resource Management.
23. Esseen, P-A.; Nilsson, B.; Allard, A.; Gardfjell, H.; & Högström, M. (2007b). Landskapsdata från Nationell Inventering av Landskapet i Sverige (NILS)-Flygbildstolkning av 1 km x 1 km rutan för år 2003 (in Swedish) (p. 63). [Landscape data from the National inventory of landscape in Sweden (NILS)-Inventory of aerial photo interpretation of the 1 km x 1 km square for the year 2003]. Work Report 169, Department of Forest Resource Management, SLU, Umeå, Sweden.
24. European Commission (2008). The habitats directive. Retrieved from http://ec.europa.eu/environment/nature/legislation/habitatsdirective/index-en. htm.
25. Fjellstad, W.; Mathiesen, H.; & Stokland, J. (2001). Monitoring Norwegian agricultural landscapes: The 3Q program. In G. Groom & T. Reed (Eds.), Strategic landscape monitoring for the Nordic countries. TemaNord 2001:523. Copenhagen.
26. J Fridman M Walheim 2000 Amount, structure and dynamics of dead wood on managed forests in Sweden Forest Ecology and Management 131 23 26 10.1016/S0378-1127(99)00208-X
27. Å Gallegos Torell A Glimskär 2009 Computer-aided calibration for visual estimation of vegetation cover Journal of Vegetation Science 20 973 983 10.1111/j.1654-1103.2009.01111.x
28. J Geoghegan LA Wainger NE Bockstael 1997 Analysis, spatial landscape indices in a hedonic framework: An ecological economics analysis using GIS Ecological Economics 23 251 264 10.1016/S0921-8009(97)00583-1
29. Glimskär, A.; Esseen, P.-A.; Moen, J.; Söderström, B.; & Weibull, A-C. (2001). Contents of a Swedish landscape monitoring program. In Ü, Mander, A. Printsmann, & H. Palang (Eds.). Development of European Landscapes (Vol. 92, pp. 276-280). Conference Proceedings, IALE 2001. Publ. Inst. Geogr. Univ. Tartuensis.
30. Glimskär, A.; Wikberg, J.; Marklund, L.; & Christensen, P. (2007). Linjära landskapselement i NILS fältinventering 2003-2006 (in Swedish) (p. 122). [Linear landscape elements in the NILS field inventory 2003-2006]. Work Report 199. Department of Forest Resource Management, SLU, Umeå, Sweden.
31. RH Green 1989 Power analysis and practical strategies for environmental monitoring Environmental Research 50 195 205 1:STN:280:DyaK3c%2FgsFektA%3D%3D 10.1016/S0013-9351(89)80058-1
32. Gunnarsson, U.; & Löfroth, M. (2009). Vå tmarksinventeringen (VMI)-Resultat från 25 års inventeringar. Slutrapport (in Swedish). [The National Wetland Inventory of Sweden (VMI)-Results from 25 years of inventory. Final report.]. Swedish Environmental Protection Agency. Stockholm.
33. R Haines-Young CJ Barr LG Firbank M Furse DC Howard G McGowan, et al. 2003 Changing landscapes, habitats and vegetation diversity across Great Britain Journal of Environmental Management 67 267 281 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3s7lt1Slsg%3D%3D 10.1016/S0301-4797(02)00179-2
34. Hedblom, M.; & Gyllin, M. (2009). Övervakning av biologisk mångfald och friluftsliv i tätorter-en metodstudie (in Swedish) (p. 76). [Monitoring biodiversity and recreation in urban areas-A method analysis]. Naturvårdsverket. Rapport 5974.
35. Hånell, B. (1990). Torvtäckta marker, dikning och sumpskogar i Sverige (in Swedish). [Peatlands, ditching and swamp forests in Sweden]. Skogsfakta, Inventering och ekonomi, nr 22.; SLU Umeå.
36. M Ihse 2007 Colour infrared aerial photography as a tool for vegetation mapping and change detection in environmental studies of Nordic ecosystems: A review Norsk Geografisk Tidsskrift-Norwegian Journal of Geography 61 4 170 191 10.1080/00291950701709317
37. Ihse, M.; & Blom, G. (2000). Monitoring changes in land-use, landscape features, biodiversity and cultural heritage in Sweden-The LIM project. In R. H. G. Jongman & U. Mander (Eds.), Consequences of land use changes, advances in ecology series (pp. 39-74). Boston: WITT.
38. Inghe, O. (2001). The Swedish landscape monitoring program-Current status and prospects for the near future. In G. Groom & T. Reed (Eds.), Strategic landscape monitoring for the Nordic countries. TemaNord 2001:523. Copenhagen.
39. DB Lindenmayer GE Likens 2009 Adaptive monitoring: A new paradigm for long-term research and monitoring Trends in Ecology and Evolution 24 482 486 10.1016/j.tree.2009.03.005
40. GM Lovett DA Burns CT Driscoll JC Jenkins MJ Mitchell L Rustad, et al. 2007 Who needs environmental monitoring? Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 5 253 260 10.1890/1540-9295(2007)5[253:WNEM]2.0.CO;2
41. Löfvenhaft, K. (2002). Spatial and temporal perspectives on biodiversity for physical planning-Examples from Urban Stockholm, Sweden. PhD thesis in Geography, With Emphasis on Physical Geography, Stockholm University, No 26. Stockholm.
42. JP Metzger 2008 Landscape ecology: Perspectives based on the 2007 IALE world congress Landscape Ecology 23 501 504 10.1007/s10980-008-9217-8
43. Ministry of the Environment, Sweden (2001). The Swedish Environmental Objectives-Interim targets and action strategies (p. 80). Summary of Gov. Bill 2000/01:130, Stockholm.
44. Ministry of the Environment, Sweden (2004). Sweden's Environmental Policy. A brief overview. Ref. no. M 2004.03. Retrieved from http://www.sweden.gov.se/sb/d/574/a/25800.
45. JI Nassauer P Opdam 2008 Design in science: Extending the landscape ecology paradigm Landscape Ecology 23 633 644 10.1007/s10980-008-9226-7
46. RF Noss 1990 Indicators for monitoring biodiversity: A hierarchical approach Conservation Biology 4 355 364 10.1111/j.1523-1739.1990.tb00309.x
47. Noss, R. F.; Cline, S. P.; Csuti, B.; & Scott, J. M. (1992). Monitoring and assessing biodiversity. In E. Lykke (Ed.), Achieving environmental goals (pp. 67-85). London: Belhaven. Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD): Environmental Indicators. OECD core set. OECD, Paris.
48. Olsson, B. (2002). Beräkning av sankmarksareal från topografiska kartan per län och biogeografisk region (in Swedish) (p. 11). [Estimates of peatland areas from topographic maps, for provinces and biogeographic regions]. Technical report, Metria Miljöanalys. Stockholm.
49. J Peterseil T Wrbka C Plutzar I Schmitzberger A Kiss E Szerencsits, et al. 2004 Evaluating the ecological sustainability of Austrian agricultural landscapes-The SINUS approach Land Use Policy 21 3 307 320 10.1016/j.landusepol. 2003.10.011
50. S Petit 2009 The dimensions of land use change in rural landscapes: Lessons learnt from the GB Countryside survey Journal of Environmental Management 90 2851 2856 10.1016/j.jenvman.2008.05.023
51. Rydin, H.; & Jeglum, J. (2006). The biology of peatlands (p. 343). New York: Oxford University Press.
52. G Shao J Wu 2008 On the accuracy of landscape pattern analysis using remote sensing data Landscape Ecology 23 505 511 10.1007/s10980-008-9215-x
53. DS Schmeller P-Y Henry R Julliard B Gruber J Clobert F Dziock, et al. 2008 Advantages of volunteer-based biodiversity monitoring in Europe Conservation Biology 23 2 307 316 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2008.01125.x
54. Schreuder, H. T.; Gregoire, T. G.; & Wood, G. B. (1993). Sampling methods for multiresource forest inventory (p. 446). New York: Wiley.
55. HT Schreuder TG Gregoire JP Weyer 2001 For what applications can probability and non-probability sampling be used? Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 66 281 291 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3Mzit12qtQ%3D%3D 10.1023/A:1006316418865
56. Skånes, H. (1996). Landscape change and grassland dynamics-Retrospective studies based on aerial photographs and old cadastral maps during 200 years in South Sweden (p. 125). Ph.D. thesis in Geography, with a major in Physical Geography and Quaternary Geology, Stockholm University, No 8.
57. Sohlman, A. (ed.). (2008). Arter och naturtyper i Habitatdirektivet- tillståndet i Sverige 2007 (in Swedish) (p. 73). [Species and nature types in the habitat directive-The status in Sweden 2007]. ArtDatabanken, SLU, Uppsala.
58. JJ Stadt J Schieck HA Stelfox 2006 Alberta biodiversity monitoring program-Monitoring effectiveness of sustainable forest management planning Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 121 33 46 10.1007/s10661-005-9075-7
59. Svensson, J. (2009). NILS-Översyn av verksamheten 2003-2008 (in Swedish) (p. 34). [NILS-Evaluation of activities 2003-2008]. Work Report 254, Department of Forest Resource Management, SLU, Umeå, Sweden.
60. Svensson, J.; Allard, A.; Christensen, P.; Eriksson, Å.; Esseen, P.-A.; Glimskär, A. et al. (2009). Landscape biodiversity monitoring in the Swedish NILS program (p. 8). Conference proceedings, XIII World Forestry Congress, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
61. Takács, G.; & Molnár, Z. (eds.) (2009). National biodiversity monitoring system XI. Habitat mapping (2nd modified ed.; p. 54). Ministry of Environment and Water, Budapest.
62. Thompson, S. K. (1992). Sampling (p. 343). New York: Wiley.
63. United Nations (1992). United Nations framework convention on climate change (25 pp.). FCCC/Informal/84. Retrieved from http://unfccc.int/resource/ docs/convkp/conveng.pdf.
64. UNEP, United Nations Environment Programme (1993). Convention on biological diversity (with annexes) (p. 83). Concluded at Rio de Janeiro on 5 June 1992. UNEP, Convention No. 30619. Retrieved from http://www.cbd.int/ convention/convention.shtml.
65. P Vos E Meelis WJ ter Keurs 2000 A framework for the design of ecological monitoring programs as a tool for environmental and nature management Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 61 317 344 1:CAS:528: DC%2BD3cXksFajsLY%3D 10.1023/A:1006139412372
66. Westerberg, S.; & Rynbäck Andersson, L. (2004). Våtmarker i Norrbottens län (in Swedish) (p. 217). [Peatlands in the province of Norrbotten, Sweden]. Technical report, Länsstyrelsen i Norrbottens län, Luleå.
67. JA Wiens 2008 Allerton Park 1983: The beginning of a paradigm for landscape ecology Landscape Ecology 23 125 128 10.1007/s10980-008-9195-x
68. Yli-Viikari, A.; Risku-Norja, H.; Nuutinen, V.; Heinonen, E.; Hietala-Koivu, R.; Huusela-Veistola, E.; et al. (2002). Agri-environmental and rural development indicators: A proposal (p. 114). Agrifood Research Reports 5. MIT Agrifood Research, Finland.