Developing a monitoring protocol for visitor-created informal trails in Yosemite National Park, USA

Environmental Management

Volumn 47, Issue 1, 2011, Pages 93-106

  Leung, Yu Fai ^b   Newburger, Todd ^a   Jones, Marci ^a   Kuhn, Bill ^a   Woiderski, Brittany ^a  

^a Resources Management and Science   (United States)

^b NONE

Author keywords

Fragmentation; Indicators; Informal trails; Monitoring; Visitor impacts; Yosemite National Park

Indexed keywords

FRAGMENTATION; INDICATORS; INFORMAL TRAILS; VISITOR IMPACTS; YOSEMITE NATIONAL PARK;

ECOLOGY; PARKS;

MONITORING;

ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENT; ECOLOGICAL IMPACT; ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING; HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; NATIONAL PARK; STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT;

ARTICLE; ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT; ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT; ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING; LANDSCAPE; NATIONAL PARK; PROCESS DEVELOPMENT; UNITED STATES;

CALIFORNIA; CONSERVATION OF NATURAL RESOURCES; ECOSYSTEM; ENVIRONMENT DESIGN; ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING; PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT; PROGRAM EVALUATION; RECREATION; WALKING;

CALIFORNIA; UNITED STATES; YOSEMITE NATIONAL PARK;

EID: 79151474398     PISSN: 0364152X     EISSN: 14321009     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00267-010-9581-4     Document Type: Article

References (63)

1. Abbe JD, Manning RE (2007) Wilderness day use: patterns, impacts, and management. International Journal of Wilderness 12(3):21-25, 38
2. J Bacon J Roche C Elliot N Nicholas 2006 VERP: putting principles into practice in Yosemite National Park George Wright Forum 23 2 73 83
3. NG Bayfield 1973 Use and deterioration of some Scottish hill paths Journal of Applied Ecology 10 633 644
4. Belnap J (1998) Choosing indicators of natural resource condition: a case study in Arches National Park, Utah, USA. Environmental Management 22:635-642
5. LA Boorman RM Fuller 1977 Studies on the impact of paths on the dune vegetation at Winterton, Norfolk, England Biological Conservation 12 203 216 10.1016/0006-3207(77)90016-7
6. City of Boulder (2006) Monitoring protocol for undesignated trails. Unpublished report. City of Boulder, Open Space and Mountain Parks, Boulder, CO
7. Cole DN (1983) Monitoring the condition of wilderness campsites. Research Paper INT-302. USDA Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station, Ogden, UT
8. Cole DN (2008) Ecological impacts of wilderness recreation and their management. In Dawson C, Hendee J (eds) Wilderness management: stewardship and protection of resources and values, 4th edn. Fulcrum Publishing, Boulder, CO, pp 395-438
9. Cole DN, Watson AE, Hall TE, Spildie DR (1997) High-use destinations in wilderness: social and biophysical impacts, visitor responses, and management options. Research Paper INT-RP-496. USDA Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station, Ogden, UT
10. M Di Giulio R Holderegger S Tobias 2009 Effects of habitat and landscape fragmentation on humans and biodiversity in densely populated landscapes Journal of Environmental Management 90 2949 2968 10.1016/j.jenvman.2009.05.002
11. TC Foin EO Garton CW Bowen JM Everingham RO Schultz 1977 Quantitative studies of visitor impacts on environments of Yosemite National Park, California, and their implications for park management policy Journal of Environmental Management 5 1 22
12. Forman RTT (1995) Land mosaics. Cambridge University Press, New York
13. RTT Forman LE Alexander 1998 Roads and their major ecological effects Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 29 207 231 10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.29. 1.207 (Pubitemid 29033031)
14. Fritzke SL (1992) Soil erosion and vegetation loss accelerated by visitor use of Paradise Meadows, Mount Rainier National Park. MS thesis. Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR
15. Gaines WL, Singleton PH, Ross RC (2003) Assessing the Cumulative Effects of Linear Recreation routes on wildlife habitats on the Okanogan and Wenatchee National Forests, Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-586. USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Portland, OR
16. Hammitt WE, Cole DN (1998) Wildland recreation: ecology and management, 2nd edn. John Wiley and Sons, New York
17. W Hill CM Pickering 2006 Vegetation associated with different walking track types in the Kosciuszko alpine area, Australia Journal of Environmental Management 78 24 34 10.1016/j.jenvman.2005.04.007 (Pubitemid 43033512)
18. Holmquist JG (2004) Trails and meadow fragmentation in Yosemite National Park: effects on invertebrate fauna and patterns of abundance and biodiversity. USDI National Park Service, Yosemite National Park, El Portal, CA
19. Holmquist JG, Schmidt-Gengenbach J (2007) Effects of experimental trampling addition and reduction on vegetation, soils, and invertebrates in Tuolumne Meadows: preliminary report. USDI National Park Service, Yosemite National Park, El Portal, CA
20. Knight RL (2000) Forest fragmentation and outdoor recreation in the southern Rocky Mountains. In: Knight RL, Smith FW, Romme WH, Buskirk SW (eds) Forest fragmentation in the southern Rocky Mountains. University Press of Colorado, Boulder, CO, pp 135-153
21. P Kutiel 1999 Tendencies in the development of tracks in open areas Environmental Management 23 401 408 10.1007/s002679900195 (Pubitemid 29115617)
22. Leung Y-F, Louie J (2008) Visitor Experience and Resource Protection (VERP) data analysis protocol: social trails. Unpublished final report, Yosemite National Park, El Portal, CA
23. Y-F Leung JL Marion 1998 Evaluating spatial qualities of visitor impacts on recreation resources: an index approach Journal of Applied Recreation Research 23 4 367 389
24. Y-F Leung N Shaw K Johnson R Duhaime 2002 More than a database: integrating GIS data with the Boston Harbor Islands carrying capacity study George Wright Forum 19 1 69 78
25. Lindenmayer DB, Fischer J (2007) Habitat fragmentation and landscape change: an ecological and conservation synthesis. Island Press, Washington, DC
26. DB Lindenmayer RB Cunningham CF Donnelly R Lesslie 2002 On the use of landscape surrogates as ecological indicators in fragmented forests Forest Ecology and Management 159 203 216 10.1016/S0378-1127(01)00433-9 (Pubitemid 34281160)
27. Lockwood M, Worboys G, Kothari A (2006) Managing protected areas: a global guide. Earthscan, London, UK
28. Manning RE (1999) Studies in outdoor recreation: search and research for satisfaction, 2nd edn. Oregon State University Press, Corvallis, OR
29. Manning RE (2007) Parks and carrying capacity: commons without tragedy. Island Press, Washington, DC
30. Manning RE, Leung Y-F, Budruk M (2005) Research to support management of visitor carrying capacity on Boston Harbor Islands. Northeastern Naturalist 12(SI3):201-220
31. Marion JL (1994) An assessment of trail conditions in Great Smoky Mountains National Park. Research/resources management report. USDI National Park Service, Southeast Region, Atlanta, GA
32. Marion JL, Roggenbuck JW, Manning RE (1993) Problems and practices in backcountry recreation management: a survey of National Park Service managers. USDI National Park Service, Natural Resources Publication Office, Denver, CO
33. JL Marion Y-F Leung SK Nepal 2006 Monitoring trail conditions: new methodological considerations George Wright Forum 23 2 36 49
34. McCool SF, Clark RN, Stankey GH (2007) An assessment of frameworks useful for public land recreation planning, Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-705. USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Portland, OR
35. McGarigal K, Marks BJ (1995) FRAGSTATS: Spatial pattern analysis program for quantifying landscape structure, Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-351. USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Portland, OR
36. C Monz Y-F Leung 2006 Meaningful measures: developing indicators of visitor impact in the National Park Service Inventory and Monitoring Program George Wright Forum 23 2 17 27
37. C Monz DN Cole Y-F Leung JL Marion 2010 Sustaining visitor use in protected areas: future opportunities in recreation ecology research from the USA experience Environmental Management 45 551 562 10.1007/s00267-009-9406-5
38. Newburger TN (2004) Ecological consequences of recreational use: a case study of Trapper Lake, North Cascades National Park. MS thesis. Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA
39. Newsome D, Moore SA, Dowling RK (2001) Natural area tourism: ecology, impacts, and management. Channel View Books, Clevedon, UK
40. Nisengard JE, Sherwood S (2008) An assessment of the impact of social trails use on cultural resources in Technical Area 70, Los Alamos National Laboratory, New Mexico. Report LA-UR-08-06425. USDOE Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM
41. NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) (2010) National Weather Service California Nevada River Forecast Center. http://www.cnrfc.noaa. gov/. Accessed 29 Sept 2010
42. NPS (USDI National Park Service) (1997) The visitor experience and resource protection (VERP) framework: a handbook for planners and managers. Pub. NPS D-1215. USDI National Park Service, Denver Service Center, Denver, CO
43. NPS (2004) User capacity management program for the Merced Wild and Scenic River Corridor. USDI National Park Service, Yosemite National Park, Yosemite, CA
44. NPS (2009a) User capacity management monitoring program: 2008 field monitoring guide. USDI National Park Service, Yosemite National Park, Yosemite, CA
45. NPS (2009b) User capacity management monitoring program: 2008 annual report. USDI National Park Service, Yosemite National Park, Yosemite, CA
46. NPS (2010a) NPS Public Use Statistics Office. http://www2.nature.nps.gov/ stats/. Accessed 29 Sept 2010
47. NPS (2010b) Visitor use and impact monitoring program 2009 annual report. USDI National Park Service, Yosemite National Park, Yosemite, CA
48. NPS (2010c) Yosemite National Park-natural resource statistics. http://www.nps.gov/yose/naturescience/natural-resource-statistics.htm. Accessed 29 Sept 2010
49. RV O'Neill JR Krummel RH Gardner G Sugihara B Jackson DL DeAngelis BT Milne MG Turner B Zygmunt SW Christensen VH Dale RL Graham 1988 Indices of landscape pattern Landscape Ecology 1 3 153 162 10.1007/BF00162741
50. DJ Parsons SA Macleod 1980 Measuring impacts of wilderness use Parks 5 3 8 12
51. Pedersen A (2002) Managing tourism at World Heritage sites: a practical manual for World Heritage site managers. UNESCO World Heritage Centre, Paris, France
52. MF Price 1983 Management planning in the sunshine area of Canada's Banff National Park Parks 7 6 10
53. KH Riitters RV O'Neill CT Hunsaker JD Wickham DH Yankee SP Timmins KB Jones BL Jackson 1995 A factor analysis of landscape pattern and structure metrics Landscape Ecology 10 1 23 39 10.1007/BF00158551
54. Rochefort R, Swinney DD (2000) Human impact surveys in Mount Rainier National Park: past, present, and future. In: Cole DN, McCool SF, Borrie WT, O'Loughlin J (eds) Wilderness science in a time of change conference, vol 5: Wilderness ecosystems, threats, and management. USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Ogden, UT, pp 165-171
55. T Sievänen 1989 The trail inventory and forest recreation Scandinavian Forest Economics 30 89 105
56. L Sumner RM Leonard 1947 Protecting mountain meadows Sierra Club Bulletin 32 5 53 62
57. C Sydoriak 1989 Yosemite monitoring and mitigating wilderness impacts Park Science 9 5 13
58. van Wagtendonk JW (2003) Role of science in sustainable management of Yosemite Wilderness. In: Watson A, Sproull J (eds) Science and stewardship to protect and sustain wilderness values: 7th World Wilderness Congress symposium. USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Ogden, UT, pp 225-230
59. R Welch M Madden RF Doren 1999 Mapping the everglades Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing 65 163 170
60. BE Willard JW Marr 1970 Effects of human activities on alpine tundra ecosystems in Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado Biological Conservation 2 257 265 10.1016/0006-3207(70)90008-X
61. Willard BE, Cooper DJ, Forbes BC (2007) Natural regeneration of alpine tundra vegetation after human trampling: a 42-year data set from Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado, USA. Arctic, Antarctic and Alpine Research 39(1):177-183
62. Wimpey, JF (2009) Assessing and evaluating recreational trails on public lands. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Department of Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation, Blacksburg, VA
63. ER Witztum DA Stow 2004 Analyzing direct impacts of recreation activity on coastal sage scrub habitat with very high resolution multi-spectral imagery International Journal of Remote Sensing 25 17 3477 3496 10.1080/ 0143116031000101567 (Pubitemid 39039746)